受众世代的裂变:未来受众的生成与建构——媒介观范式革命视野下的探讨
|
摘要
媒介观是媒介研究的"元认知",对于受众,尤其是伴随新媒介系统成长的未来受众,其媒介素养教育与研究应该从媒介观的辨析入手。本文结合传播学与认知心理学相关理论,尝试依据个体心理认知发展阶段与我国媒介技术变更的环境变革相叠加,划分出不同的受众世代,并分析不同世代受众在媒介认知上的基础差异。在对以往研究与报告数据综合分析的基础上,我们尝试分析当下媒介素养教育因忽视这种"媒介观变迁"而造成的两个基础悖论,进而提出从"概念工具"与"关系隐喻"两个层面入手,建立可持续应用于不同世代间、对于"媒介观"的解释路径,尝试与"未来受众"建立新的理解框架。
引文
(1)引自《数字儿童:联合国2017儿童报告》(The State of the World's Children 2017:Children in a Digital World),详见https:∥www.unicef.org/publications/index-101992.html
(2)Dolf Zillmann,Jennings Bryant and Aletha C.Huston,Media,Children,and the Family:Social Scientific,Psychodynamic,and Clinical Perspectives,New York:Routledge,2013,p.65.
(3)Marc Prensky,“Digital Natives,Digital Immigrants-Part 1”,On the Horizon,2001,9(5),pp.1-6.
(4)传统的游戏是以娱乐为主要目的,主要为了让玩家消磨时间,在游戏中获得满足感与虚荣感,且绝大多数的游戏公司是通过玩家的充值付费来营收。而“功能游戏”的主要目的是为了解决现实社会跟行业问题,在游戏的娱乐性基础上增加了专业性以及实用性,根本目的是通过游戏帮助人们去解决工作、教育和生活等实际问题。
(5)李凌凌、陈楠:《保护电子和网络媒介影响下的童年》,《新闻爱好者》2013年第6期。
(1)Jean Piaget,The Origins of Intelligence in Children,London:Routledge&Kegan Paul,1953,p.19.
(2)2000年,新浪、搜狐、网易先后成功上市。据《2000年北京居民媒介接触行为抽样调查报告》显示,居民互联网接触时间比前一年上升67%,2000年被喻为“互联网崛起之年”。
(3)本文认可“思维模块化发展”“兴趣转移理论”等思维发展等后皮亚杰理论研究的观点,但本文基于对世代研究的目的,仍然采纳皮亚杰“儿童认知发展理论”及其发展者Cases所倡导的四个阶段划分,详见Robbie Case,“Neo-Piagetian Theory:Retrospect and Prospect”.,International Journal of Psychology,1987,22,pp.773-791.
(1)Yehuda Bar Lev,Nelly E.and Sharona T.Levy,“Development of Infants’Media Habits in the Age of Digital Parenting.A Longitudinal Study of Jonathan,From the Age of 6 to 27 Months.”,in Giovanna Mascheroni,Cristina Ponte and Ana Jorge(eds.),Digital Parenting.e Challenges for Families in the Digital Age.Gteborg:Nordicom,2018,pp.103-112.
(1)金则霜:《儿童电影研究的受众视角初探》,《传媒观察》第8期。
(2)王贵斌、于杨:《国际互联网媒介素养研究知识图谱》,《现代传播(中国传媒大学学报》2017年第7期。
(3)Roger C.Ho,Melvyn WB.Zhang,Tammy Y.Tsang,et al.,“The Association between Internet Addiction and Psychiatric Co-morbidity:AMeta-analysis”,BMC Psychiatry,2014,14,p.183.
(4)Kimberly S.Young and Cristiano Nabuco De Abreu,“Internet Addiction:AHandbook and Guide to Evaluation and Treatment”,JornalBrasileiro De Psiquiatria,Vol.62,No.62,2011,pp.310-310.
(5)王帅,等:《儿童青少年网络成瘾与精神障碍共病的研究进展》,《中华精神科杂志》2017年第6期,第50页。
(6)Betül I?ik'and Ayaz Alkays.S.,“Internet Use and Psychosocial Health of School Aged Children”,Psychiatry Res,2017,255,pp.204-208.
(1)UllaG.Foehr,Media Multitasking among American Youth:Prevalence,Predictors and Pairings,HenryKaiser Family Foundation,2006,p.26.
(2)Don Tapscot,t“The Digital Media and the Reinvention of Government”,Canadian Public Administration,2010,40(2),pp.328-345.
(3)Rebecca N.,H.de Leeuw and Christa A.van der Laan,“Helping Behavior in Disney Animated Movies and Children's Helping Behavior in the Netherlands”,Journal of Children&Media,Vol.12,No.2,2007,pp.159-174.
(4)Galperin Hernan and Arcidiacono Malena,“Learning from or Leaning On?The Impact of Children on Internet Use by Adults”,Social Science Electronic Publishing,No.4,2017,pp.1-37.
(5)Carl R.Bybee,Danny Robinson and JosephTurow,“Determinants of Parental Guidance of Children's Television Viewing for A Special Subgroup:Mass Media Scholars”,Journal of Broadcasting,Vol.26,No.3,1982,pp.697-710.
(6)TopalliB ujane,“Children Risks during Internet Surfing and Coping Strategies(Case of Shkoder)”,Working Paper in University of Shkoder“LuigjGurakuqi”,Faculty of Educational Sciences,2017.
(7)Moyse and K.Ina,Developing freedom:Behavioral and Social Freedoms for Children Via Mobile Phones and Internet Devices.PhD Thesis,University of Lincoln.,2016,p.279.
(8)Francisco Gallego,Ofer Malamud and Cristian Pop-Eleches,“Parental Monitoring and Children's Internet Use:The Role of Information,Control,and Cues”,National Bureau of Economics Research,2018,p.9.
(9)Husan9zgür,“The Relationship between Internet Parenting Styles and Internet Usage of Children and Adolescents”,Computers in Human Behavior,2016,60,pp.411-424.
(1)柳珊、朱璇:《“批判型受众"的培养---德国青少年媒介批判能力培养的传统、实践与理论范式》,《新闻大学》2008年第3期。
(2)吴春萱:《实时参与式媒介文化对受众批判素养的消解与重构》,《出版发行研究》2018年第2期。
(3)Zheng Yan,“Limited Knowledge and Limited Resources:Children's and Adolescents'Understanding of the Internet”.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,Vol.30,No.2,2009,pp.103-115.
(4)Marilyn Fleer,Bridie Raban,“Constructing Cultural‐Historical Tools for Supporting Young Childrens'Concept Formation in Early Literacy and Numeracy”,Early Years,Vol.27,No.2,2007,pp.103-118.
(5)Susan Edwards,Andrea Nolan,Michael Henderson,Ana Mantilla,Lydia Plowman and Helen Skouteris,“Young Children's Everyday Concepts of the Internet:A Platform for Cyber‐safety Education in the Early Years”,British Journal of Educational Technology,Vol.49,No.1,2018,pp.45-55.
(1)王倩、李颖异:《冲突与和解:关系视阈下流动儿童媒介素养构建研究》,《现代传播》2018年第1期。
(2)MelanieB.Luckay and RudigerC.Laugksch,“The Development and Validation of an Instrument to Monitor the Implementation of Social Constructivist Learning Environments in Grade 9 Science Classrooms in South Africa”,Research in Science Education,Vol.45,No.1,2015,pp.1-22.
(3)卜卫:《传播学思辨研究论》,《国际新闻界》1996年第5期。
(4)Alex Inkeles,“Making Men Modern:On the Causes and Consequences of Individual Change in Six Developing Countries”,American Journal of Sociology,Vol.75,No.2,1969,pp.208-225.
(5)杨孝荣:《传播社会学》,台北:台湾商务印书馆,1979年。
(1)Susan Edwards,Andrea Nolan,Michael Henderson,Ana Mantilla,Lydia Plowman and Helen Skouteris,“Young Children's Everyday Concepts of the Internet:A Platform for Cyber-safety Education in the Early Years”,British Journal of Educational Technology,Vol.49,No.1,2018,pp.45-55.
(2)Sonnia Livingstone,LeslieH addon and AnkeG 9rzig,Children,Risk and Safety on the Internet:Research and policy Challenges in Comparative Perspective.London:Policy Press,2012,p.17.
(3)伊正慧:《媒介“参照群体”对儿童脱离自我中心期的意义》,《新闻研究导刊》2016年第2期。
(2)Dolf Zillmann,Jennings Bryant and Aletha C.Huston,Media,Children,and the Family:Social Scientific,Psychodynamic,and Clinical Perspectives,New York:Routledge,2013,p.65.
(3)Marc Prensky,“Digital Natives,Digital Immigrants-Part 1”,On the Horizon,2001,9(5),pp.1-6.
(4)传统的游戏是以娱乐为主要目的,主要为了让玩家消磨时间,在游戏中获得满足感与虚荣感,且绝大多数的游戏公司是通过玩家的充值付费来营收。而“功能游戏”的主要目的是为了解决现实社会跟行业问题,在游戏的娱乐性基础上增加了专业性以及实用性,根本目的是通过游戏帮助人们去解决工作、教育和生活等实际问题。
(5)李凌凌、陈楠:《保护电子和网络媒介影响下的童年》,《新闻爱好者》2013年第6期。
(1)Jean Piaget,The Origins of Intelligence in Children,London:Routledge&Kegan Paul,1953,p.19.
(2)2000年,新浪、搜狐、网易先后成功上市。据《2000年北京居民媒介接触行为抽样调查报告》显示,居民互联网接触时间比前一年上升67%,2000年被喻为“互联网崛起之年”。
(3)本文认可“思维模块化发展”“兴趣转移理论”等思维发展等后皮亚杰理论研究的观点,但本文基于对世代研究的目的,仍然采纳皮亚杰“儿童认知发展理论”及其发展者Cases所倡导的四个阶段划分,详见Robbie Case,“Neo-Piagetian Theory:Retrospect and Prospect”.,International Journal of Psychology,1987,22,pp.773-791.
(1)Yehuda Bar Lev,Nelly E.and Sharona T.Levy,“Development of Infants’Media Habits in the Age of Digital Parenting.A Longitudinal Study of Jonathan,From the Age of 6 to 27 Months.”,in Giovanna Mascheroni,Cristina Ponte and Ana Jorge(eds.),Digital Parenting.e Challenges for Families in the Digital Age.Gteborg:Nordicom,2018,pp.103-112.
(1)金则霜:《儿童电影研究的受众视角初探》,《传媒观察》第8期。
(2)王贵斌、于杨:《国际互联网媒介素养研究知识图谱》,《现代传播(中国传媒大学学报》2017年第7期。
(3)Roger C.Ho,Melvyn WB.Zhang,Tammy Y.Tsang,et al.,“The Association between Internet Addiction and Psychiatric Co-morbidity:AMeta-analysis”,BMC Psychiatry,2014,14,p.183.
(4)Kimberly S.Young and Cristiano Nabuco De Abreu,“Internet Addiction:AHandbook and Guide to Evaluation and Treatment”,JornalBrasileiro De Psiquiatria,Vol.62,No.62,2011,pp.310-310.
(5)王帅,等:《儿童青少年网络成瘾与精神障碍共病的研究进展》,《中华精神科杂志》2017年第6期,第50页。
(6)Betül I?ik'and Ayaz Alkays.S.,“Internet Use and Psychosocial Health of School Aged Children”,Psychiatry Res,2017,255,pp.204-208.
(1)UllaG.Foehr,Media Multitasking among American Youth:Prevalence,Predictors and Pairings,HenryKaiser Family Foundation,2006,p.26.
(2)Don Tapscot,t“The Digital Media and the Reinvention of Government”,Canadian Public Administration,2010,40(2),pp.328-345.
(3)Rebecca N.,H.de Leeuw and Christa A.van der Laan,“Helping Behavior in Disney Animated Movies and Children's Helping Behavior in the Netherlands”,Journal of Children&Media,Vol.12,No.2,2007,pp.159-174.
(4)Galperin Hernan and Arcidiacono Malena,“Learning from or Leaning On?The Impact of Children on Internet Use by Adults”,Social Science Electronic Publishing,No.4,2017,pp.1-37.
(5)Carl R.Bybee,Danny Robinson and JosephTurow,“Determinants of Parental Guidance of Children's Television Viewing for A Special Subgroup:Mass Media Scholars”,Journal of Broadcasting,Vol.26,No.3,1982,pp.697-710.
(6)TopalliB ujane,“Children Risks during Internet Surfing and Coping Strategies(Case of Shkoder)”,Working Paper in University of Shkoder“LuigjGurakuqi”,Faculty of Educational Sciences,2017.
(7)Moyse and K.Ina,Developing freedom:Behavioral and Social Freedoms for Children Via Mobile Phones and Internet Devices.PhD Thesis,University of Lincoln.,2016,p.279.
(8)Francisco Gallego,Ofer Malamud and Cristian Pop-Eleches,“Parental Monitoring and Children's Internet Use:The Role of Information,Control,and Cues”,National Bureau of Economics Research,2018,p.9.
(9)Husan9zgür,“The Relationship between Internet Parenting Styles and Internet Usage of Children and Adolescents”,Computers in Human Behavior,2016,60,pp.411-424.
(1)柳珊、朱璇:《“批判型受众"的培养---德国青少年媒介批判能力培养的传统、实践与理论范式》,《新闻大学》2008年第3期。
(2)吴春萱:《实时参与式媒介文化对受众批判素养的消解与重构》,《出版发行研究》2018年第2期。
(3)Zheng Yan,“Limited Knowledge and Limited Resources:Children's and Adolescents'Understanding of the Internet”.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,Vol.30,No.2,2009,pp.103-115.
(4)Marilyn Fleer,Bridie Raban,“Constructing Cultural‐Historical Tools for Supporting Young Childrens'Concept Formation in Early Literacy and Numeracy”,Early Years,Vol.27,No.2,2007,pp.103-118.
(5)Susan Edwards,Andrea Nolan,Michael Henderson,Ana Mantilla,Lydia Plowman and Helen Skouteris,“Young Children's Everyday Concepts of the Internet:A Platform for Cyber‐safety Education in the Early Years”,British Journal of Educational Technology,Vol.49,No.1,2018,pp.45-55.
(1)王倩、李颖异:《冲突与和解:关系视阈下流动儿童媒介素养构建研究》,《现代传播》2018年第1期。
(2)MelanieB.Luckay and RudigerC.Laugksch,“The Development and Validation of an Instrument to Monitor the Implementation of Social Constructivist Learning Environments in Grade 9 Science Classrooms in South Africa”,Research in Science Education,Vol.45,No.1,2015,pp.1-22.
(3)卜卫:《传播学思辨研究论》,《国际新闻界》1996年第5期。
(4)Alex Inkeles,“Making Men Modern:On the Causes and Consequences of Individual Change in Six Developing Countries”,American Journal of Sociology,Vol.75,No.2,1969,pp.208-225.
(5)杨孝荣:《传播社会学》,台北:台湾商务印书馆,1979年。
(1)Susan Edwards,Andrea Nolan,Michael Henderson,Ana Mantilla,Lydia Plowman and Helen Skouteris,“Young Children's Everyday Concepts of the Internet:A Platform for Cyber-safety Education in the Early Years”,British Journal of Educational Technology,Vol.49,No.1,2018,pp.45-55.
(2)Sonnia Livingstone,LeslieH addon and AnkeG 9rzig,Children,Risk and Safety on the Internet:Research and policy Challenges in Comparative Perspective.London:Policy Press,2012,p.17.
(3)伊正慧:《媒介“参照群体”对儿童脱离自我中心期的意义》,《新闻研究导刊》2016年第2期。
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |