离退休职工独居状态与抑郁和焦虑的关系及社会参与质量的中介作用
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摘要
目的:探讨影响离退休职工抑郁和焦虑情绪的相关因素,检验社会参与质量在老年独居状态与抑郁和焦虑间的中介作用。方法:以吉林大学第一医院符合入组标准的离退休职工为研究对象,进行基本情况问卷调查,以生命质量量表的社会方面评分评估社会参与质量,以患者健康问卷抑郁分表和焦虑筛查问卷评估抑郁和焦虑情绪,获得有效问卷642份,对相关影响因素进行线性回归分析,并针对老年独居群体采用逐步回归分析法进行中介效应检验。结果:离退休职工抑郁的影响因素为体育活动(β=-0.948,P<0.01)、娱乐活动(β=-1.423,P<0.01)、慢性病患病情况(β=2.579,P<0.01)、家庭收入(β=-0.557,P<0.05)、是否坚持工作(β=-1.673,P<0.05)和是否独居(β=2.097,P<0.01);焦虑的影响因素为体育活动(β=-0.711,P<0.05)、娱乐活动(β=-1.380,P<0.01)、慢性病患病情况(β=1.204,P<0.05)和是否独居(β=1.639,P<0.05)。针对老年独居群体,将独居状态和社会参与质量作为自变量同时纳入线性回归中,显示独居状态对于抑郁和焦虑的影响差异无统计学意义(β=0.837,P=0.218;β=0.837,P=0.218),社会参与质量在独居状态与抑郁和焦虑之间起到完全中介的作用。结论:体育活动、娱乐活动、慢性病患病情况和是否独居是离退休职工抑郁和焦虑情绪的相关影响因素。社会参与质量在老年独居状态与抑郁和焦虑之间具有完全的中介作用。
Objective:To explore the related factors of depression and anxiety among the retired employees,and to examine the mediating role of social participation quality in the elderly between living alone and depression and anxiety.Methods:The retired employees who met the admission criteria in the First Hospital of Jilin University were selected as the subjects.The basic situation questionnaire was used in this study,and the social participation quality,depression and anxiety were assessed by social aspect of the Quality of Life Scale,Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Table and Anxiety Screening Questionnaire,respectively. A total of 642 valid questionnaires were obtained.Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors,and the mediating effect test was conducted by stepwise regression analysis.Results:The influencing factors of depression in the retired employees were physical exercise(β=-0.948,P<0.01),entertainment(β=-1.423,P<0.01),whether to suffer from chronic diseases(β=2.579,P<0.01),family income(β=-0.557,P<0.05),whether to insist on work(β=-1.673,P<0.05),and whether to live alone(β=2.097,P<0.01).The influencing factors of anxiety were physical exercise(β=-0.711,P<0.05),entertainment(β=-1.380,P<0.01),whether to suffer from chronic diseases(β=1.204,P<0.05),and whether to live alone(β=1.639,P<0.05).In the elderly,living alone status and social participation quality were input in the linear regression as the independent variables,and the results showed that the effects of living alone status on depression and anxiety had no the significant differences(β=0.837,P=0.218;β=0.837,P=0.218),and social participation quality played a full mediating role between living alone status and depression and anxiety.Conclusion:Physical exercise,entertainment,whether to suffer from chronic diseases and whether to live alone are the influencing factors of depression and anxiety in the retired employees;social participation quality plays a full mediating effect between living alone status and depression and anxiety.
Objective:To explore the related factors of depression and anxiety among the retired employees,and to examine the mediating role of social participation quality in the elderly between living alone and depression and anxiety.Methods:The retired employees who met the admission criteria in the First Hospital of Jilin University were selected as the subjects.The basic situation questionnaire was used in this study,and the social participation quality,depression and anxiety were assessed by social aspect of the Quality of Life Scale,Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Table and Anxiety Screening Questionnaire,respectively. A total of 642 valid questionnaires were obtained.Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors,and the mediating effect test was conducted by stepwise regression analysis.Results:The influencing factors of depression in the retired employees were physical exercise(β=-0.948,P<0.01),entertainment(β=-1.423,P<0.01),whether to suffer from chronic diseases(β=2.579,P<0.01),family income(β=-0.557,P<0.05),whether to insist on work(β=-1.673,P<0.05),and whether to live alone(β=2.097,P<0.01).The influencing factors of anxiety were physical exercise(β=-0.711,P<0.05),entertainment(β=-1.380,P<0.01),whether to suffer from chronic diseases(β=1.204,P<0.05),and whether to live alone(β=1.639,P<0.05).In the elderly,living alone status and social participation quality were input in the linear regression as the independent variables,and the results showed that the effects of living alone status on depression and anxiety had no the significant differences(β=0.837,P=0.218;β=0.837,P=0.218),and social participation quality played a full mediating role between living alone status and depression and anxiety.Conclusion:Physical exercise,entertainment,whether to suffer from chronic diseases and whether to live alone are the influencing factors of depression and anxiety in the retired employees;social participation quality plays a full mediating effect between living alone status and depression and anxiety.
引文
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[18]胡利人,郑婵娇,张高华,等.社区老年居民生存质量与抑郁发生的关系[J].中国老年学杂志,2015,35(19):5602-5604.
[19]CATALDO J K,JAHAN T M,PONGQUAN V L.Lung cancer stigma,depression,and quality of life among ever and never smokers[J].Eur J Oncol Nurs,2012,16(3):264-269.
[20]李思娇,尹志勤,蒋苗苗,等.温州市独居老人生存质量及其影响因素[J].中国老年学杂志,2018,38(19):4808-4810.
[21]张如敏.老年人社会参与的有效途径探析[J].宁波广播电视大学学报,2018,16(3):19-23.
[22]高畅畅,胡萱婷,孙沁洋,等.积极老龄化背景下老年人介入社会的路径分析[J].劳动保障世界,2018(9):36-37.
[23]黄庆玲,乐发国,蒋成刚,等.团体认知行为疗法对失眠症的疗效分析[J].解放军医学杂志,2018,43(3):224-228.
[2]SAMREET K,JATINDER G,SONREET K.Psychological well-being of elderly parents laving with children and in empty nest families:gender differentials[J].Indian Health Wellbeing,2016,7(10):1029-1032.
[3]曹正堂.社区空巢老人的生活质量和心理健康分析[J].求医问药:下半月刊,2013,11(11):189-192.
[4]陈利利.农村空巢老人常见的心理问题及应对策略研究[J].重庆电子工程职业学院学报,2017,26(5):23-26.
[5]李延宇,高敏,张维军,等.空巢真的是影响城镇老年人健康的危险因素吗?[J].人口学刊,2017,39(5):77-93.
[6]谷利斌,徐德国,何贵蓉,等.江苏省南京市独居老人日常生活能力及其影响因素[J].广西医学,2018,40(17):1982-1986.
[7]唐明生,张端强,王炳花,等.农村独居老年人心理健康状况及影响因素相关性研究-以徐州市调查为例[J].医学与哲学,2014,35(2):34-36.
[8]谢云婷.社会参与对老年人身心健康的影响-以南京市为例[J].现代交际:新人力,2018(9):79-80.
[9]陈妮娅.社会参与对中老年人成功老龄化的影响[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,37(23):5962-5964.
[10]汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:98-100.
[11]KROENKE K,SPITZER R L,WILLIAMS J B.The PHQ-9:validity of a brief depression severity measure[J].J Gen Intern Med,2001,16(9):606-613.
[12]SPITZER R L,KROENKE K,WILLIAMS J B,et al.Abrief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder:the GAD-7[J].Arch Intern Med,2006,166(10):1092-1097.
[13]王诗镔,寇长贵,刘雅文,等.吉林省成年居民慢性病患病率及其疾病谱调查分析[J].吉林大学学报:医学版,2013,39(5):1045-1050.
[14]胡宓.社会联系、社会支持与农村老年人情绪问题相关研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.
[15]周建芳,薛志强,方芳,等.独居老人抑郁症状和抑郁症的调查[J].上海精神医学,2008,20(3):136-138.
[16]杜海霞,刘冰.城乡社区独居老人社会支持情况及养老服务探讨[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(10):1188-1191.
[17]毛晨峰,陈静,杨涛,等.独居与非独居老人生存质量及其影响因素[J].中国老年学杂志,2016,36(23):6008-6009.
[18]胡利人,郑婵娇,张高华,等.社区老年居民生存质量与抑郁发生的关系[J].中国老年学杂志,2015,35(19):5602-5604.
[19]CATALDO J K,JAHAN T M,PONGQUAN V L.Lung cancer stigma,depression,and quality of life among ever and never smokers[J].Eur J Oncol Nurs,2012,16(3):264-269.
[20]李思娇,尹志勤,蒋苗苗,等.温州市独居老人生存质量及其影响因素[J].中国老年学杂志,2018,38(19):4808-4810.
[21]张如敏.老年人社会参与的有效途径探析[J].宁波广播电视大学学报,2018,16(3):19-23.
[22]高畅畅,胡萱婷,孙沁洋,等.积极老龄化背景下老年人介入社会的路径分析[J].劳动保障世界,2018(9):36-37.
[23]黄庆玲,乐发国,蒋成刚,等.团体认知行为疗法对失眠症的疗效分析[J].解放军医学杂志,2018,43(3):224-228.
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