螺旋藻抗炎和免疫增强作用的研究
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摘要
试验旨在探讨螺旋藻抗炎作用及其对机体免疫功能的影响。试验通过二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀,构建小鼠体内炎症模型,以地塞米松为阳性对照药物,以小鼠耳肿胀为观察指标,探讨螺旋藻的体内抗炎作用;通过环磷酰胺构建小鼠免疫抑制模型,以不同剂量螺旋藻处理后测定免疫抑制小鼠及正常小鼠的脏器指数、血清白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)水平,同时结合脾脏及胸腺病理组织学观察,探讨螺旋藻对免疫抑制小鼠及正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,在螺旋藻对小鼠体内抗炎作用影响的试验中,0.3%螺旋藻灌胃对小鼠耳肿胀的抑制率极显著高于地塞米松对照组和其他螺旋藻处理组(P<0.01),且螺旋藻对各试验组小鼠的脏器指数无不良影响,差异不显著(P>0.05);在螺旋藻对小鼠免疫功能影响试验中,与空白对照组相比,环磷酰胺阳性对照组脾脏指数和胸腺指数极显著下降(P<0.01);肝脏指数极显著上升(P<0.01),其它各剂量螺旋藻处理组小鼠胸腺指数跟空白对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),各组小鼠血清IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平差异不显著(P>0.05);通过病理组织学观察发现,环磷酰胺阳性对照组小鼠的脾小体萎缩、胸腺小体减少、淋巴细胞及网状细胞变性坏死,而各剂量螺旋藻处理组的脾小体和胸腺小体结构清晰完整、淋巴细胞增多。综上,螺旋藻能降低地塞米松和环磷酰胺对小鼠的免疫抑制,并且能修复小鼠脾脏和胸腺损伤,说明其在抗炎和缓解免疫抑制方面具有一定的作用。
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect and immune effect of Spirulina.An inflammation model of mice was constructed by xylene induced mice ear swelling,and the effect of Spirulina on anti-inflammatory was investigated by using dexamethasone in positive control group and mice ear swelling as observation indexes.An immune-suppression model of mice was set up with cyclophosphamide,and the immune effect of Spirulina was investigated by comparing the organ indexes,levels of IL-2,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and IFN-γ,and spleen and thymus histopathology in both normal and immune-suppressed mice treated with different doses of Spirulina.The results showed that:In the anti-inflammatory experiment,the ear swelling inhibition rate of mice treated with 0.3% spirulina was extremely significantly higher than that of dexamethasone group and other Spirulina treatmens(P<0.01),and viscera index of all Spirulina groups had no significant difference(P>0.05);In the immune function experiment,compared with blank control group,the spleen index and thymus index were extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the liver index was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01) in cyclophosphamide positive control group,and the thymus indexes of Spirulina treated groups had no significant difference(P>0.05).Serum IL-2,IL-6,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels had no significant difference among all the groups(P>0.05).At the same time,the decrease of thymus corpuscles and the degeneration and necrosis of lymphocytes and reticular cells were observed in the positive control group by histopathological observation,while the structure of spleen corpuscles and thymus corpuscles in Spirulina treatments were more clear and complete,and the lymphocytes were increased.In conclusion,Spirulina could reduce the immunosuppression of dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide on mice,and repair the damage of spleen and thymus in mice.Spirulina played a certain role in anti-inflammatory and alleviating immunosuppression.
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect and immune effect of Spirulina.An inflammation model of mice was constructed by xylene induced mice ear swelling,and the effect of Spirulina on anti-inflammatory was investigated by using dexamethasone in positive control group and mice ear swelling as observation indexes.An immune-suppression model of mice was set up with cyclophosphamide,and the immune effect of Spirulina was investigated by comparing the organ indexes,levels of IL-2,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and IFN-γ,and spleen and thymus histopathology in both normal and immune-suppressed mice treated with different doses of Spirulina.The results showed that:In the anti-inflammatory experiment,the ear swelling inhibition rate of mice treated with 0.3% spirulina was extremely significantly higher than that of dexamethasone group and other Spirulina treatmens(P<0.01),and viscera index of all Spirulina groups had no significant difference(P>0.05);In the immune function experiment,compared with blank control group,the spleen index and thymus index were extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the liver index was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01) in cyclophosphamide positive control group,and the thymus indexes of Spirulina treated groups had no significant difference(P>0.05).Serum IL-2,IL-6,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels had no significant difference among all the groups(P>0.05).At the same time,the decrease of thymus corpuscles and the degeneration and necrosis of lymphocytes and reticular cells were observed in the positive control group by histopathological observation,while the structure of spleen corpuscles and thymus corpuscles in Spirulina treatments were more clear and complete,and the lymphocytes were increased.In conclusion,Spirulina could reduce the immunosuppression of dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide on mice,and repair the damage of spleen and thymus in mice.Spirulina played a certain role in anti-inflammatory and alleviating immunosuppression.
引文
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[3] 王文博,孙建光,徐晶.螺旋藻产品活性物质检测与免疫功能研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2011,23(1):54-61.WANG W B,SUN J G,XU J.Bioactive compounds in Spirulina products and their immunological func-tions [J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,2011,23(1):54-61.(in Chinese)
[4] 张文,吴清平,吴军林.螺旋藻营养保健价值及开发应用进展[J].食品与发酵科技,2013,49(3):89-92.ZHANG W,WU Q P,WU J L.The nutrition health value and research progress of Spirulina[J].Food and Fermentation Technology,2013,49(3):89-92.(in Chinese)
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[6] 何善生,王力,李健,等.螺旋藻研究进展[J].食品工业,2017,12:263-268.HE S S,WANG L,LI J,et al.Progress in Spirulina research[J].Food Industry,2017,12:263-268.(in Chinese)
[7] ERIKSEN N T.Production of phycocyanin——A pigment with applications in biology,biotechnology,foods and medicine[J].Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology,2008,80(1):1.
[8] 许娇红,张熠,杨秀静,等.螺旋藻多糖增强免疫力功能试验研究[J].海峡药学,2018,1:31-33.XU J H,ZHANG Y,YANG X J,et al.Experimental study on the enhancement of immune function of Spirulina polysaccharides[J].Strait Pharmaceutical Journal,2018,1:31-33.(in Chinese)
[9] ROMAY C,LEDó N,GONZáLEZ R.Effects of phycocyanin extract on prostaglandin E2 levels in mouse ear inflammation test[J].Arzneimittelforschung,2000,50(12):1106-1109.
[10] GONZáLEZ R,RODRíGUEZ S,ROMAY C,et al.Anti-inflammatory activity of phycocyanin extract in acetic acid-induced colitis in rats[J].Pharmacological Research,1999,39(1):1055.
[11] 唐玫,金鹰.螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学与医学版),1998,5:93-97.TANG M,JIN Y.Effects of Spirulina phycocyanin on immune function in mice[J].Journal of Jinan University(Natural Science & Medicine Edition),1998,5:93-97.(in Chinese)
[12] 赵连梅,单保恩,纪昕,等.环磷酰胺对小鼠免疫器官和骨髓抑制小鼠模型的建立[A].全国中医药免疫学术研讨会——暨环境·免疫与肿瘤防治综合交叉会议论文集[C].2009.ZHAO L M,SHAN B E,JI X,et al.Establishment of a mouse model of mouse immune organs and myelosuppression by cyclophosphamide[A].National Symposium on Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology——Integrated Intervention on Environment,Immunity and Cancer Prevention[C].2009.(in Chinese)
[13] 黄亭亭,郝智慧,杨芬芳,等.复方中药板芩肺热清口服液对小鼠止咳、祛痰、消炎的疗效研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017,6:147-150.HUANG T T,HAO Z H,YANG F F,et al.Efficacy study on the anti-tussive,expectorant and anti-inflamatory effects of compound Banqin Feireqing oral liquid on mice[J].Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2017,6:147-150.(in Chinese)
[14] 骆新,王忠,朱虎虎,等.桑葚多糖对环磷酰胺诱导小鼠免疫功能低下的调节作用[J].新疆医科大学学报,2018,41(1):75-78.LUO X,WANG Z,ZHU H H,et al.Immunomodulative effect of mulberries polysaccharide on immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide[J].Journal of Xinjiang Medical University,2018,41(1):75-78.(in Chinese)
[15] 张鹏,杨杰,高翔,等.黄酮类化合物抗炎作用及其作用机制研究进展[J].畜牧与兽医,2018,2:134-137.ZHANG P,YANG J,GAO X,et al.Anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of flavones:A review[J].Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2018,2:134-137.(in Chinese)
[16] 高华.药理学实验方法[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2012.GAO H.Pharmacological Experimental Method[M].Beijing:China Medical Science and Technology Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[17] 杨剑,牛晓艺,谭红连,等.“三黄连”合剂抗炎作用研究[J].动物医学进展,2015,36(6):74-81.YANG J,NIU X Y,TAN H L,et al.Anti-inflammatory effects of “Sanhuanglian” mixture[J].Advances in Animal Medicine,2015,36(6):74-81.(in Chinese)
[18] 成兰.应用地塞米松的不良反应与注意事项[J].中国实用医刊,2002,29(11):48-49.CHENG L.Adverse reactions and precautions in the application of dexamethasone[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Medicine,2002,29(11):48-49.(in Chinese)
[19] 王凤霞,李继昌,韩振兴,等.芩花注射剂抗炎和免疫作用的研究[J].中国兽药杂志,2012,46(7):12-15.WANG F X,LI J C,HAN Z X,et al.Studies on anti-inflammatory and immune effect of Qinhua injection[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Drugs,2012,46(7):12-15.(in Chinese)
[20] LIU C W,LIN H W,YANG D J,et al.Luteolin inhibits viral-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells via suppression of STAT1/3 dependent NF-κB and activation of HO-1[J].Free Radical Biology & Medicine,2016,95:180-189.
[21] 常瑞雪,颜天华,王秋娟,等.白细胞介素-2及其相关药物的应用研究进展[J].药学进展,2011,35(1):1-7.CHANG R X,YAN T H,WANG Q J,et al.Progress in the application of IL-2 and its related drugs[J].Pharmaceutical Progress,2011,35(1):1-7.(in Chinese)
[22] 李敏,黄惟立,叶颖,等.螺旋藻不同组份对小鼠脾细胞分泌IL-2的促进作用[J].中国海洋药物,2001,20(3):36-39.LI M,HUANG W L,YE Y,et al.Promoting effect of different components of Spirulina on IL-2 secretion in mouse spleen cells[J].Chinese Journal of Marine Medicine,2001,20(3):36-39.(in Chinese)
[23] 常静瑶,庞广昌,李杨.螺旋藻多糖通过腹腔黏膜对小鼠产生的免疫调节作用[J].食品科学,2010,31(17):281-285.CHANG J Y,PANG G C,LI Y.Immunomodulatory effects of Spirulina polysaccharide on mouse by peritoneal mucosa[J].Food Science,2010,31(17):281-285.(in Chinese)
[24] 王连芬,庞广昌,米小媛.螺旋藻蛋白水解物对小鼠血清中细胞因子的影响[J].海洋科学,2008,32(10):51-55.WANG L F,PANG G C,MI X Y.Effects of Spirulina protein hydrolysate on cytokines in serum of mice[J].Marine Science,2008,32(10):51-55.(in Chinese)
[25] 吕小华,陈科,陈文青,等.螺旋藻多糖对免疫低下小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].中国医院药学杂志,2014,34(19):1617-1621.LYU X H,CHEN K,CHEN W Q,et al.Immunoregulative action of polysacchrides spirulina platensis(PSP) on hypoimmunity in mice[J].Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy,2014,34(19):1617-1621.(in Chinese)
[26] 帅学宏,施君,陈吉轩,等.青蒿多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫器官的影响[J].动物医学进展,2015,36(11):59-62.SHUAI X H,SHI J,CHEN J X,et al.Effects of herba artemisia annua polysaccharides on immune organs in immunosuppressed mice[J].Progress in Animal Medicine,2015,36(11):59-62.(in Chinese)
[2] 王丽,徐珽,唐尧.199例地塞米松不良反应文献分析[J].中国医院药学杂志,2008,28(18):1623-1624.WANG L,XU T,YANG Y.Literature analysis of 199 cases of adverse reactions of dexamethasone[J].Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy,2008,28(18):1623-1624.(in Chinese)
[3] 王文博,孙建光,徐晶.螺旋藻产品活性物质检测与免疫功能研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2011,23(1):54-61.WANG W B,SUN J G,XU J.Bioactive compounds in Spirulina products and their immunological func-tions [J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,2011,23(1):54-61.(in Chinese)
[4] 张文,吴清平,吴军林.螺旋藻营养保健价值及开发应用进展[J].食品与发酵科技,2013,49(3):89-92.ZHANG W,WU Q P,WU J L.The nutrition health value and research progress of Spirulina[J].Food and Fermentation Technology,2013,49(3):89-92.(in Chinese)
[5] 吴杰.螺旋藻的营养保健价值及在预防医学中的应用探究[J].中国卫生产业,2017,14(15):18-19.WU J.Nutritional health value of Spirulina and its application in preventive medicine[J].China Health Industry,2017,14(15):18-19.(in Chinese)
[6] 何善生,王力,李健,等.螺旋藻研究进展[J].食品工业,2017,12:263-268.HE S S,WANG L,LI J,et al.Progress in Spirulina research[J].Food Industry,2017,12:263-268.(in Chinese)
[7] ERIKSEN N T.Production of phycocyanin——A pigment with applications in biology,biotechnology,foods and medicine[J].Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology,2008,80(1):1.
[8] 许娇红,张熠,杨秀静,等.螺旋藻多糖增强免疫力功能试验研究[J].海峡药学,2018,1:31-33.XU J H,ZHANG Y,YANG X J,et al.Experimental study on the enhancement of immune function of Spirulina polysaccharides[J].Strait Pharmaceutical Journal,2018,1:31-33.(in Chinese)
[9] ROMAY C,LEDó N,GONZáLEZ R.Effects of phycocyanin extract on prostaglandin E2 levels in mouse ear inflammation test[J].Arzneimittelforschung,2000,50(12):1106-1109.
[10] GONZáLEZ R,RODRíGUEZ S,ROMAY C,et al.Anti-inflammatory activity of phycocyanin extract in acetic acid-induced colitis in rats[J].Pharmacological Research,1999,39(1):1055.
[11] 唐玫,金鹰.螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学与医学版),1998,5:93-97.TANG M,JIN Y.Effects of Spirulina phycocyanin on immune function in mice[J].Journal of Jinan University(Natural Science & Medicine Edition),1998,5:93-97.(in Chinese)
[12] 赵连梅,单保恩,纪昕,等.环磷酰胺对小鼠免疫器官和骨髓抑制小鼠模型的建立[A].全国中医药免疫学术研讨会——暨环境·免疫与肿瘤防治综合交叉会议论文集[C].2009.ZHAO L M,SHAN B E,JI X,et al.Establishment of a mouse model of mouse immune organs and myelosuppression by cyclophosphamide[A].National Symposium on Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology——Integrated Intervention on Environment,Immunity and Cancer Prevention[C].2009.(in Chinese)
[13] 黄亭亭,郝智慧,杨芬芳,等.复方中药板芩肺热清口服液对小鼠止咳、祛痰、消炎的疗效研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017,6:147-150.HUANG T T,HAO Z H,YANG F F,et al.Efficacy study on the anti-tussive,expectorant and anti-inflamatory effects of compound Banqin Feireqing oral liquid on mice[J].Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2017,6:147-150.(in Chinese)
[14] 骆新,王忠,朱虎虎,等.桑葚多糖对环磷酰胺诱导小鼠免疫功能低下的调节作用[J].新疆医科大学学报,2018,41(1):75-78.LUO X,WANG Z,ZHU H H,et al.Immunomodulative effect of mulberries polysaccharide on immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide[J].Journal of Xinjiang Medical University,2018,41(1):75-78.(in Chinese)
[15] 张鹏,杨杰,高翔,等.黄酮类化合物抗炎作用及其作用机制研究进展[J].畜牧与兽医,2018,2:134-137.ZHANG P,YANG J,GAO X,et al.Anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of flavones:A review[J].Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2018,2:134-137.(in Chinese)
[16] 高华.药理学实验方法[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2012.GAO H.Pharmacological Experimental Method[M].Beijing:China Medical Science and Technology Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[17] 杨剑,牛晓艺,谭红连,等.“三黄连”合剂抗炎作用研究[J].动物医学进展,2015,36(6):74-81.YANG J,NIU X Y,TAN H L,et al.Anti-inflammatory effects of “Sanhuanglian” mixture[J].Advances in Animal Medicine,2015,36(6):74-81.(in Chinese)
[18] 成兰.应用地塞米松的不良反应与注意事项[J].中国实用医刊,2002,29(11):48-49.CHENG L.Adverse reactions and precautions in the application of dexamethasone[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Medicine,2002,29(11):48-49.(in Chinese)
[19] 王凤霞,李继昌,韩振兴,等.芩花注射剂抗炎和免疫作用的研究[J].中国兽药杂志,2012,46(7):12-15.WANG F X,LI J C,HAN Z X,et al.Studies on anti-inflammatory and immune effect of Qinhua injection[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Drugs,2012,46(7):12-15.(in Chinese)
[20] LIU C W,LIN H W,YANG D J,et al.Luteolin inhibits viral-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells via suppression of STAT1/3 dependent NF-κB and activation of HO-1[J].Free Radical Biology & Medicine,2016,95:180-189.
[21] 常瑞雪,颜天华,王秋娟,等.白细胞介素-2及其相关药物的应用研究进展[J].药学进展,2011,35(1):1-7.CHANG R X,YAN T H,WANG Q J,et al.Progress in the application of IL-2 and its related drugs[J].Pharmaceutical Progress,2011,35(1):1-7.(in Chinese)
[22] 李敏,黄惟立,叶颖,等.螺旋藻不同组份对小鼠脾细胞分泌IL-2的促进作用[J].中国海洋药物,2001,20(3):36-39.LI M,HUANG W L,YE Y,et al.Promoting effect of different components of Spirulina on IL-2 secretion in mouse spleen cells[J].Chinese Journal of Marine Medicine,2001,20(3):36-39.(in Chinese)
[23] 常静瑶,庞广昌,李杨.螺旋藻多糖通过腹腔黏膜对小鼠产生的免疫调节作用[J].食品科学,2010,31(17):281-285.CHANG J Y,PANG G C,LI Y.Immunomodulatory effects of Spirulina polysaccharide on mouse by peritoneal mucosa[J].Food Science,2010,31(17):281-285.(in Chinese)
[24] 王连芬,庞广昌,米小媛.螺旋藻蛋白水解物对小鼠血清中细胞因子的影响[J].海洋科学,2008,32(10):51-55.WANG L F,PANG G C,MI X Y.Effects of Spirulina protein hydrolysate on cytokines in serum of mice[J].Marine Science,2008,32(10):51-55.(in Chinese)
[25] 吕小华,陈科,陈文青,等.螺旋藻多糖对免疫低下小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].中国医院药学杂志,2014,34(19):1617-1621.LYU X H,CHEN K,CHEN W Q,et al.Immunoregulative action of polysacchrides spirulina platensis(PSP) on hypoimmunity in mice[J].Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy,2014,34(19):1617-1621.(in Chinese)
[26] 帅学宏,施君,陈吉轩,等.青蒿多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫器官的影响[J].动物医学进展,2015,36(11):59-62.SHUAI X H,SHI J,CHEN J X,et al.Effects of herba artemisia annua polysaccharides on immune organs in immunosuppressed mice[J].Progress in Animal Medicine,2015,36(11):59-62.(in Chinese)
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