苜蓿草粉替代花生秧对波尔山羊生长性能、抗氧化指标及经济效益的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究苜蓿草粉替代花生秧对波尔山羊生长性能、抗氧化指标及经济效益的影响。选用75只波尔山羊,随机分为5组(每组3个重复,每个重复5只羊):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂用苜蓿草粉分别替代基础饲粮中10%、20%、30%、40%的花生秧的试验饲粮。结果表明:1)随着波尔山羊饲粮中苜蓿草粉替代水平的增加,平均日增重呈线性增加(P=0.001),料重比呈线性降低(P=0.001)。2)随着波尔山羊饲粮中苜蓿草粉替代水平的增加,血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及谷草转氨酶(AST)活性呈线性降低(P=0. 004,P=0. 001),球蛋白(GLB)及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量均呈二次方变化(P=0.001,P=0.001),先升高后降低,然而白球比(ALB/GLB)呈二次方变化(P=0.01),先降低后升高。3)随着波尔山羊饲粮中苜蓿草粉替代水平的增加,血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性呈线性升高(P=0.001,P=0.001),丙二醛(MDA)含量呈线性降低(P=0.048)。4)随着波尔山羊饲粮中苜蓿草粉替代水平的增加,肾脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)呈二次方变化(P=0.008),先升高后降低,GSH-Px活性呈线性升高(P=0.022),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈线性升高(P=0.001);脾脏CAT活性呈线性升高(P=0.001)。5)随着波尔山羊饲粮中苜蓿草粉替代水平的增加,十二指肠T-AOC呈线性升高(P=0.036),SOD活性呈二次方变化(P=0.015),先升高后降低,M DA含量呈线性降低(P=0.046);空肠CAT活性呈线性升高(P=0.041);回肠MDA含量呈线性降低(P=0.005),CAT活性呈线性升高(P=0.038)。6)试验组毛利润呈现先升高后降低的趋势,当苜蓿草粉的替代水平为30%时,毛利润达到最高。由此可见,波尔山羊饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉显著提高其生长性能,增强免疫力和抗氧化能力,苜蓿草粉替代水平为30%时,毛利润达到最高。
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of peanut strawby alfalfa meal on growth performance,antioxidant indices and economic benefit of Boer goat. In this study,seventy-five Boer goats were randomly divided into 5 groups( with 3 replicates per group and 5 goats per replicate) : goats in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in test groups were fed the experimental diets supplemented with 10%,20%,30% and 40% alfalfa meals to equally replace peanut vine,respectively. The results showed as follows: 1) with the increasing of alfalfa meal replacement levels in diets,the average daily gain increased linearly( P = 0.001) and the feed/gain decreased linearly( P = 0.001). 2) With the increasing of alfalfa meal replacement levels in diets,the activities of glutamate pyruvate transaminase( ALT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase( AST) in serum ware decreased linearly( P = 0.004,P = 0.001),the changes of globulin( GLB) and immunoglobulin G( IgG) contents were quadratic( P = 0.001,P = 0.001),which had an increased trend at first and then decreased. However,albumin/globulin( ALB/GLB) showed a quadratic change( P = 0.010),which had an decreased trend at first and then increased. 3) With the increasing of alfalfa meal replacement levels in diets,the activities of catalase( CAT) and glutathion peroxidase( GSH-Px) in serum increased linearly( P = 0.001,P = 0.001) and malonaldehyde( MDA) content decreased linearly( P = 0.048).4) With the increasing of alfalfa meal replacement levels in diets,the total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC) of kidney showed a quadratic change( P = 0.008),which had an increased trend at first and then decreased,and GSH-Px activity increased linearly( P = 0.022). The SOD activity increased linearly( P = 0.001). Spleen CAT activity increased linearly( P = 0.001). 5) With the increasing of alfalfa meal replacement levels in diets,the T-AOC of duodenum increased linearly( P = 0. 036),the SOD activity showed a quadratic change( P =0.015),which had an increased trend at first and then decreased,and the MDA content decreased linearly( P = 0.046). The jejunum CAT activity increased linearly( P = 0.041),ileum MDA content decreased linearly( P = 0.005) and the CAT activity increased linearly( P = 0.038). 6) The gross profit of the test groups increased first and then decreased,and the gross profit reached the highest when the replacement level of alfalfa meal was 30%. The results indicate that the growth performance,immunity and antioxidant function of Boer goat are substantially improved by adding alfalfa meal in the diets,and the gross profit reaches the highest when the replacement level of alfalfa meal is 30%.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 7) :3411-3420]
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of peanut strawby alfalfa meal on growth performance,antioxidant indices and economic benefit of Boer goat. In this study,seventy-five Boer goats were randomly divided into 5 groups( with 3 replicates per group and 5 goats per replicate) : goats in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in test groups were fed the experimental diets supplemented with 10%,20%,30% and 40% alfalfa meals to equally replace peanut vine,respectively. The results showed as follows: 1) with the increasing of alfalfa meal replacement levels in diets,the average daily gain increased linearly( P = 0.001) and the feed/gain decreased linearly( P = 0.001). 2) With the increasing of alfalfa meal replacement levels in diets,the activities of glutamate pyruvate transaminase( ALT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase( AST) in serum ware decreased linearly( P = 0.004,P = 0.001),the changes of globulin( GLB) and immunoglobulin G( IgG) contents were quadratic( P = 0.001,P = 0.001),which had an increased trend at first and then decreased. However,albumin/globulin( ALB/GLB) showed a quadratic change( P = 0.010),which had an decreased trend at first and then increased. 3) With the increasing of alfalfa meal replacement levels in diets,the activities of catalase( CAT) and glutathion peroxidase( GSH-Px) in serum increased linearly( P = 0.001,P = 0.001) and malonaldehyde( MDA) content decreased linearly( P = 0.048).4) With the increasing of alfalfa meal replacement levels in diets,the total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC) of kidney showed a quadratic change( P = 0.008),which had an increased trend at first and then decreased,and GSH-Px activity increased linearly( P = 0.022). The SOD activity increased linearly( P = 0.001). Spleen CAT activity increased linearly( P = 0.001). 5) With the increasing of alfalfa meal replacement levels in diets,the T-AOC of duodenum increased linearly( P = 0. 036),the SOD activity showed a quadratic change( P =0.015),which had an increased trend at first and then decreased,and the MDA content decreased linearly( P = 0.046). The jejunum CAT activity increased linearly( P = 0.041),ileum MDA content decreased linearly( P = 0.005) and the CAT activity increased linearly( P = 0.038). 6) The gross profit of the test groups increased first and then decreased,and the gross profit reached the highest when the replacement level of alfalfa meal was 30%. The results indicate that the growth performance,immunity and antioxidant function of Boer goat are substantially improved by adding alfalfa meal in the diets,and the gross profit reaches the highest when the replacement level of alfalfa meal is 30%.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 7) :3411-3420]
引文
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[21]崔艳红,韩庆功,崔艺佳,等.益生菌复合发酵料对断奶仔猪消化环境、血清生化指标和代谢激素水平的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(1):16-23.
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[23]袁德地,史莹华,王成章,等.苜蓿皂苷对SD大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响及其分子机理的初步探讨[J].草业学报,2013,22(5):294-301.
[24]陈言言,刘伯帅,陈跃鹏,等.苜蓿皂苷对胆固醇逆向转运基因三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1、清道夫受体BⅠmRNA表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1446-1454.
[25]王先科,史莹华,王成章,等.苜蓿皂甙对高脂血症大鼠胆固醇代谢及肝脏ACAT-2和HMG-CoAr基因表达的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):287-293.
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[27]张彩云,郭卫建,龚芳,等.白藜芦醇对肉仔鸡免疫性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(19):51-53.
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[2]樊文娜,李润林,韩康康,等.紫花苜蓿草产品在反刍动物饲粮中的应用[J].饲料博览,2016(10):13-17.
[3]杨玲玲,王成章.苜蓿产品在食品及饲料工业中的应用[J].草业科学,2008,25(3):85-89.
[4] EKLUND M,RADEMACHER M,SAUER W C,et al.Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in alfalfa meal,sugar beet pulp,and wheat bran compared to wheat and protein ingredients for growing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(3):1037-1043.
[5] BAURHOO B,MUSTAFA A. Short communication:effects of molasses supplementation on performance of lactating cows fed high-alfalfa silage diets[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(2):1072-1076.
[6] LAUDADIO V,CECI E,LASTELLA N MB,et al.Low-fiber alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)meal in the laying hen diet:effects on productive traits and egg quality[J]. Poultry Science,2014,93(7):1868-1874.
[7] ESCARCHA J F,CALLAWAY T R,BYRD J A,et al.Effects of dietary alfalfa inclusion on Salmonella typhimurium populations in growing layer chicks[J]. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease,2012,9(10):945-951.
[8] DAL BOSCO A,MUGNAI C,ROSCINI V,et al.Effect of dietary alfalfa on the fatty acid composition and indexes of lipid metabolism of rabbit meat[J].Meat Science,2014,96(1):606-609.
[9]陈万福,杨永军,汤孝禄,等.苜蓿草块饲喂育肥羔羊的试验[J].中国草食动物,2004,24(增刊):143-144.
[10]高玉龙.日粮中添加不同比例苜蓿对舍饲羊生产性能影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.银川:宁夏大学,2015:7-11.
[11]许红,李冠真,高永革,等.苜蓿干草对杜寒F1的生产性能及瘤胃pH值和氨态氮的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(5):1012-1017.
[12] RIPOLL G,ALVAREZ-RODRIGUEZ J,SANZ A,et al. The capability of alfalfa grazing-and concentratebased feeding systems to produce homogeneous carcass quality in light lambs over time[J].Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2014,12(1):167-179.
[13] ALHIDARY I A,ABDELRAHMAN MM,ALYEMNI A H,et al.Effect of alfalfa hay on growth performance,carcass characteristics,and meat quality of growing lambs with ad libitum access to total mixed rations[J]. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2016,45(6):302-308.
[14]严学兵,刘圈炜,王成章,等.苜蓿青饲对波尔山羊生长性能及血液生理生化指标的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(3):456-461.
[15]张春,董宽虎,邵涛,等.紫花苜蓿草粉添加量对肉羊育肥及肌肉氮沉积的影响[C]//第三届中国苜蓿发展大会论文集.北京:中国畜牧业协会,2010.
[16]张春梅,王成章,胡喜峰,等.紫花苜蓿的营养价值及应用研究进展[J].中国饲料,2005(1):15-17.
[17]刘庭玉,贾玉山,格根图,等.饲草型全混合日粮对羔羊肉品质的影响[J].草地学报,2012,20(2):378-382.
[18]伍力,耿梅梅,王文策,等.哺乳藏仔猪发育期血液生化指标动态变化规律研究[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(2):570-574.
[19]宁豫昌,赵绪永,王静.绞股蓝对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(7):74-78.
[20] AL-SAIADY MY.Effect of probiotic bacteria on immunoglobulin G concentration and other blood components of newborn calves[J]. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2010,9(3):604-609.
[21]崔艳红,韩庆功,崔艺佳,等.益生菌复合发酵料对断奶仔猪消化环境、血清生化指标和代谢激素水平的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(1):16-23.
[22]李明,孙桂荣,王艳玲,等.不同非蛋白氮日粮下异位酸对山羊血液生化指标的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2005,39(3):270-273,286.
[23]袁德地,史莹华,王成章,等.苜蓿皂苷对SD大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响及其分子机理的初步探讨[J].草业学报,2013,22(5):294-301.
[24]陈言言,刘伯帅,陈跃鹏,等.苜蓿皂苷对胆固醇逆向转运基因三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1、清道夫受体BⅠmRNA表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1446-1454.
[25]王先科,史莹华,王成章,等.苜蓿皂甙对高脂血症大鼠胆固醇代谢及肝脏ACAT-2和HMG-CoAr基因表达的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):287-293.
[26]吕先召,王成章,邱晓东,等.苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生长性能、血清生化指标、胴体品质及经济效益的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1693-1702.
[27]张彩云,郭卫建,龚芳,等.白藜芦醇对肉仔鸡免疫性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(19):51-53.
[28] RUDNEVA I I.Blood antioxidant system of Black Sea elasmobranch and teleosts[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Pharmacology,Toxicology and Endocrinology,1997,118(2):255-260.
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