中华绒螯蟹1龄性早熟自交和1龄性早熟与2龄正常成熟杂交F1养殖性能及可食率比较
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摘要
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)1龄性早熟是目前产业发展中面临的重要问题,为全面了解中华绒螯蟹1龄性早熟性状对其子代相关性状的影响,本研究构建了1龄性早熟自交家系(PI)和1龄性早熟与2龄正常成熟杂交家系(PHN),综合评估其养殖性能和可食率。结果表明:(1)在扣蟹养殖阶段, PI组F_1扣蟹平均体重始终大于PHN组; PI组F_1雌体的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和早熟率均高于PHN组,雄体则较低,但均无显著性差异(P>0.05); PI组F_1雌体成活率显著低于PHN组(P<0.05),雄体略低于PHN组;PHN组总产量较高,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。扣蟹终体重呈正态分布, 3.00～8.99 g终体重扣蟹比例较高。(2)在成蟹养殖阶段,生长前期(3—5月)PI组平均体重低于PHN组,生长后期(7—9月)则以PI组为高;3—5月和7—9月PHN组F_1WGR和SGR均高于PI组,而5—7月则以PI组为高; PI组F_1生殖蜕壳和性腺发育略早于PHN组,无显著性差异(P>0.05);总体来看, PI组F_1成活率和产量均高于PHN组,但饵料系数显著低于PHN组(P<0.05); PHN组F_1体重<125.00 g和≥250.00 g的成蟹百分比较高,两组体重<125.00 g的成蟹存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。(3)就总可食率(TEY)而言, PI组F_1TEY高于PHN组;就肥满度(CF)而言, PI组F_1雌体高于PHN组,雄体则较低,但两组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上, 1龄早熟自交组F_1具有扣蟹平均体重大、早熟率略高,成蟹生殖蜕壳较早、成活率和产量高的特点;而1龄早熟与2龄正常成熟杂交组F_1则具有扣蟹成活率和产量高,成蟹生殖蜕壳略晚、饵料系数低的特点。
The appearance of one-year precocious crabs is a severe problem in the development of the Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) industry. To understand the impact of one-year precocious traits of Eriocheir sinensis on its offspring, one-year precocious inbred families(PI) and hybrid families(PHN) comprising one-year precocious crabs and two-year normally mature crabs were constructed to comprehensively evaluate the culture performance and total edible yield of the offspring. The results illustrated that during the juvenile E. sinensis culture stage, the mean body weight of F_1 in PI was always higher than in PHN. The weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate(SGR), and precocious rate of F_1 females from PI were higher than F_1 females from PHN(P>0.05).The survival rate of F_1 females from PI was significantly lower than F_1 females from PHN(P<0.05), and the F_1 male survival rate was also slightly lower than in PHN. Although the total yield of F_1 from PHN was higher, there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). The final body weight of juveniles was normally distributed,and highest proportion of final body weights were between 3.00 g and 8.99 g. The results also showed that during the adult E. sinensis culture stage, the mean body weight of PI individuals was lower than those from PHN in the pre-growth period(March-May), and that the mean body weight of PHN individuals was higher than PI individuals in the late growth stage(July-September). The WGR and SGR values of PHN individuals were higher than those of PI individuals in the March-May and July-September periods. Puberty molting and gonad development was slightly earlier in PI crabs than in PHN individuals, but no statistically significant difference was observed(P>0.05). Overall, the survival rate and yield were higher for PI than PHN, but feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in PI individuals(P<0.05). A greater number of PHN crabs had final body weights of <125.00 g and≥250.00 g. There was significant difference between the number of individuals in the two groups with body weights <125.00 g(P<0.05). In terms of total edible rate(TEY), TEY of PI was higher regardless of gender. The female TEY for PI was higher than for PI males, but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). In summary, PI of E. sinensis produce individuals with larger mean body weights, slightly higher precocious rates during the juvenile culture stage, and early puberty molting, and also produce higher survival rates, and higher yields during the adult culture stage. However, PHN of E. sinensis produce higher survival rates and yields during the juvenile culture stage, and produce individuals with late puberty molting and lower feed conversion ratios.
The appearance of one-year precocious crabs is a severe problem in the development of the Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) industry. To understand the impact of one-year precocious traits of Eriocheir sinensis on its offspring, one-year precocious inbred families(PI) and hybrid families(PHN) comprising one-year precocious crabs and two-year normally mature crabs were constructed to comprehensively evaluate the culture performance and total edible yield of the offspring. The results illustrated that during the juvenile E. sinensis culture stage, the mean body weight of F_1 in PI was always higher than in PHN. The weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate(SGR), and precocious rate of F_1 females from PI were higher than F_1 females from PHN(P>0.05).The survival rate of F_1 females from PI was significantly lower than F_1 females from PHN(P<0.05), and the F_1 male survival rate was also slightly lower than in PHN. Although the total yield of F_1 from PHN was higher, there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). The final body weight of juveniles was normally distributed,and highest proportion of final body weights were between 3.00 g and 8.99 g. The results also showed that during the adult E. sinensis culture stage, the mean body weight of PI individuals was lower than those from PHN in the pre-growth period(March-May), and that the mean body weight of PHN individuals was higher than PI individuals in the late growth stage(July-September). The WGR and SGR values of PHN individuals were higher than those of PI individuals in the March-May and July-September periods. Puberty molting and gonad development was slightly earlier in PI crabs than in PHN individuals, but no statistically significant difference was observed(P>0.05). Overall, the survival rate and yield were higher for PI than PHN, but feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in PI individuals(P<0.05). A greater number of PHN crabs had final body weights of <125.00 g and≥250.00 g. There was significant difference between the number of individuals in the two groups with body weights <125.00 g(P<0.05). In terms of total edible rate(TEY), TEY of PI was higher regardless of gender. The female TEY for PI was higher than for PI males, but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). In summary, PI of E. sinensis produce individuals with larger mean body weights, slightly higher precocious rates during the juvenile culture stage, and early puberty molting, and also produce higher survival rates, and higher yields during the adult culture stage. However, PHN of E. sinensis produce higher survival rates and yields during the juvenile culture stage, and produce individuals with late puberty molting and lower feed conversion ratios.
引文
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