气候因子对南北方梅花鹿脱盘时间与产茸的影响
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摘要
通过对贵州省和吉林省梅花鹿养殖场的气候因子进行分析,研究不同的温度、湿度、光照对梅花鹿产茸性状的影响。结果表明,温度对梅花鹿的脱盘影响作用要大于湿度和光照;贵州省饲养的梅花鹿脱盘时间比吉林省早15 d,梅花鹿脱盘的最适温度为15℃左右,适合鹿茸生长的温度10℃—24℃;在环境相对湿度为33%—70%的条件下,梅花鹿既可以完成脱盘也可以使鹿茸正常生长;从头茬茸茸重结果分析,吉林省饲养的梅花鹿头茬茸茸重为(2. 48±0. 33) kg,贵州饲养的梅花鹿头茬茸茸重(1. 82±0. 25) kg。因此,需要探讨南方梅花鹿产茸的规律,这对南方养鹿的发展业具有重要的指导意义。
We investigated the effects of temperature,humidity and light on the production of sika deer antler velvet at sika deer farms in Guizhou and Jilin Provinces. The effect of temperature on the shedding of sika deer antler plate was greater than humidity and light. The shedding of plate was 15 days earlier in Guizhou than in Jilin Province. The optimal temperature for the shedding of sika deer plate was about 15℃,and temperature suitable for the growth of antler was 10℃—24℃.At relative humidity of 33% —70%, sika deer completed shedding of plate and normal antler growth. The average weight of first cut antler was( 2. 48 ± 0. 33) kg in Jilin Province,and( 1. 82 ±0. 25) kg in Guizhou. It would be financially beneficial to increase the production of antler in southern China,and this would guide the development of the southern deer farming industry.
We investigated the effects of temperature,humidity and light on the production of sika deer antler velvet at sika deer farms in Guizhou and Jilin Provinces. The effect of temperature on the shedding of sika deer antler plate was greater than humidity and light. The shedding of plate was 15 days earlier in Guizhou than in Jilin Province. The optimal temperature for the shedding of sika deer plate was about 15℃,and temperature suitable for the growth of antler was 10℃—24℃.At relative humidity of 33% —70%, sika deer completed shedding of plate and normal antler growth. The average weight of first cut antler was( 2. 48 ± 0. 33) kg in Jilin Province,and( 1. 82 ±0. 25) kg in Guizhou. It would be financially beneficial to increase the production of antler in southern China,and this would guide the development of the southern deer farming industry.
引文
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[14] 吕树臣,王春清,常维毅,等.影响鹿茸产量因素与增茸措施[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013(12):123-125.
[15] 帕尔哈提·萨依提.提高鹿茸质量的策略研究[J].当代畜牧,2014(11):14-15.
[16] ACKERMANN K,STEHLE J H.Melatonin synthesis in the human pineal gland:advantages,implications,and difficulties[J].Chronobiology International,2006,23(1/2):369-379.
[17] LUCHETTI F,CANONICO B,BARTOLINI D,et al.Melatonin regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation:a review[J].Journal of Pineal Research,2014,56(4):382-397.
[18] DJERIDANE Y,TOUITOU Y.Melatonin synthesis in the rat Harderian gland:age-and time-related effects[J].Experimental Eye Research,2001,72(4):487-492.
[19] 雷维华,曹志梅,王建寿,等.影响鹿茸生长的主要因素[J].特种经济动植物,2004(1):8;32.
[20] CLEMENTS M N,CLUTTON-BROCK T H,ALBON S D,et al.Getting the timing right:antler growth phenology and sexual selection in a wild red deer population[J].Oecologia,2010,164(2):357-368.
[2] GOSS R J.Photoperiodic control of antler cycles in deer:Ⅶ.role of light vs.dark in suppression of circannual rhythms[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology,1987,244(1):113-116.
[3] JACOBSON H A,WALDHALM S J.Antler cycles of a white-tailed deer with congenital anophthalmia[M].The Biology of Deer.Springer,New York,NY,1992:520-524.
[4] GOSS R J.Photoperiodic control of antler cycles in deer.VI.Circannual rhythms on altered day lengths[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology,1984,230(2):265-271.
[5] 马泽方,许文书.增产梅花鹿再生茸的两次控光试验[J].野生动物,1991,12(6):41.
[6] BUBENIK G A,SCHAMS D,COENEN G.The effect of artificial photoperiodicity and antiandrogen treatment on the antler growth and plasma levels of LH,FSH,testosterone,prolactin and alkaline phosphatase in the male white-tailed deer[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology.A,Comparative Physiology,1987,87(3):551-559.
[7] BERG D K,LI C Y,ASHER G,et al.Red deer cloned from antler stem cells and their differentiated progeny[J].Biology of Reproduction,2007,77(3):384-394.
[8] 董红.新疆马鹿生茸类干细胞的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2006.
[9] 李光凤.梅花鹿鹿茸的组织学及间充质层细胞体外诱导分化研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.
[10] 罗灿.褪黑激素促进鹿茸间充质细胞增殖的作用机制研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2017.
[11] 刘蕾,王梦霖,李瑾贤,等.饲粮蛋白、磷水平对塔里木马鹿产茸量的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2018,50(6):139-141.
[12] 熊家军.梅花鹿激素及其受体基因变异对产茸量的调控效应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012.
[13] 张明海,朴仁珠,于孝臣.光照强度对梅花鹿茸生长影响的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,1995,26(5):391-396.
[14] 吕树臣,王春清,常维毅,等.影响鹿茸产量因素与增茸措施[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013(12):123-125.
[15] 帕尔哈提·萨依提.提高鹿茸质量的策略研究[J].当代畜牧,2014(11):14-15.
[16] ACKERMANN K,STEHLE J H.Melatonin synthesis in the human pineal gland:advantages,implications,and difficulties[J].Chronobiology International,2006,23(1/2):369-379.
[17] LUCHETTI F,CANONICO B,BARTOLINI D,et al.Melatonin regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation:a review[J].Journal of Pineal Research,2014,56(4):382-397.
[18] DJERIDANE Y,TOUITOU Y.Melatonin synthesis in the rat Harderian gland:age-and time-related effects[J].Experimental Eye Research,2001,72(4):487-492.
[19] 雷维华,曹志梅,王建寿,等.影响鹿茸生长的主要因素[J].特种经济动植物,2004(1):8;32.
[20] CLEMENTS M N,CLUTTON-BROCK T H,ALBON S D,et al.Getting the timing right:antler growth phenology and sexual selection in a wild red deer population[J].Oecologia,2010,164(2):357-368.
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