地下工程开挖卸荷既有桩基承载响应物理模拟及新进展
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摘要
地下工程开挖卸荷引起的灾变问题一直是社会高度关注的问题之一,近年来中国多地发生了由基坑开挖或隧道建设诱发的地面变形、桩基倾斜偏位及建筑物垮塌等灾害事故,威胁人们的生命和财产安全。简要介绍传统地下工程开挖卸荷物理模拟存在的不足,对比概述了近20a间国内外有关基坑、隧道开挖对桩基影响的典型试验方法和试验装置(小比尺模型试验和离心机试验)。重点设计提出了一种地下工程开挖卸荷既有桩基承载响应室内综合模拟试验装置,并对模型设计原理及技术特点进行了分析,同时开展了邻近基坑开挖对既有工程桩水平承载力影响及工程阻隔物对地下水阻挡作用影响两类问题试验研究。最后,对卸荷桩未来的研究方向提出了一些建议和展望。
The disaster from the unloading effects induced by underground excavations has always been one of the high-concern issues. In recent years, a series of ground deformation, pile foundation tilt, or building collapse cases have taken place in China, and sometimes they even threaten people's lives and property. The imperfection of the conventional model tests for simulating underground excavations is introduced, and the typical experimental test methods and test devices including small-scale and centrifuge models corresponding to excavation of foundation pit and tunneling in the past two decades are briefly compared. In this study, a new testing apparatus for pile load response undergoing underground excavations is proposed,and its design principles and technical characteristics are analyzed. Using the test boxes, the studies on the lateral pile response to adjacent excavation and the blocking effect of a barrier on the flow of groundwater are conducted. Finally, some suggestions and prospects about the future study on unloading piles are put forward.
The disaster from the unloading effects induced by underground excavations has always been one of the high-concern issues. In recent years, a series of ground deformation, pile foundation tilt, or building collapse cases have taken place in China, and sometimes they even threaten people's lives and property. The imperfection of the conventional model tests for simulating underground excavations is introduced, and the typical experimental test methods and test devices including small-scale and centrifuge models corresponding to excavation of foundation pit and tunneling in the past two decades are briefly compared. In this study, a new testing apparatus for pile load response undergoing underground excavations is proposed,and its design principles and technical characteristics are analyzed. Using the test boxes, the studies on the lateral pile response to adjacent excavation and the blocking effect of a barrier on the flow of groundwater are conducted. Finally, some suggestions and prospects about the future study on unloading piles are put forward.
引文
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[2]YIN Z Y,CHANG C S.Stress-dilatancy behavior for sand under loading and unloading conditions[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2013,37(8):855-870.
[3]刘国彬,贾付波.基坑回弹时间效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊1):3040-3044.(LIUGuo-bin,JIA Fu-bo.Test research on time effect of foundation pit rebound[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):3040-3044.(in Chinese))
[4]贾坚,谢小林.上海软土地区深大基坑的卸荷变形及控制[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(增刊1):376-380.(JIA Jian,XIE Xiao-lin.Deformation and control measures of deep and large excavation in Shanghai soft clay area[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(S1):376-380.(in Chinese))
[5]OU C,HSIEH P,CHIOU D.Characteristics of ground surface settlement during excavation[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1993,30(5):758-767.
[6]CUI Y,KISHIDA K,KIMURA M.Prevention of the ground subsidence by using the foot reinforcement side pile during the shallow overburden tunnel excavation in unconsolidated ground[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2017,63:194-204.
[7]黄茂松,王卫东,郑刚.软土地下工程与深基坑研究进展[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(6):146-161.(HUANGMao-song,WANG Wei-dong,ZHENG Gang.A review of recent advances in the underground engineering and deep excavations in soft soils[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(6):146-161.(in Chinese))
[8]郑刚,朱合华,刘新荣,等.基坑工程与地下工程安全及环境影响控制[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(6):1-24.(ZHENG Gang,ZHU He-hua,LIU Xin-rong,et al.Control of safety of deep excavations and underground engineering and its impact on surrounding environment[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2016,49(6):1-24.(in Chinese))
[9]GOH A,WONG K S,TEH C I,et al.Pile response adjacent to braced excavation[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(4):383-386.
[10]ONG D E L,LEUNG C F,CHOW Y K.Time-dependent pile behaviour due to excavation-induced soil movement in clay[C]//Proc 12th Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Boston,2003.
[11]LEUNG C F,LIM J K,CHOW Y K.Behaviour of pile due to excavation-induced soil movement in clay[C]//15th Int Conf on Soil Mech and Geotechnical Engineering.Istanbul,2001.
[12]POULOS H G,CHEN L T.Pile response due to excavation-induced lateral soil movement[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1997,123(2):94-99.
[13]NG C W W,HONG Y,SOOMRO M A.Effects of piggyback twin tunnelling on a pile group:3D centrifuge tests and numerical modelling[J].Géotechnique,2015,65(1):38-51.
[14]LOGANATHAN N,POULOS H G.Analytical prediction for tunneling-induced ground movements in clays[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1998,124(9):846-856.
[15]CHEN L T,POULOS H G,LOGANATHAN N.Pile responses caused by tunneling[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1999,125(3):207-215.
[16]杨敏,靳军伟.桩基础与既有地铁隧道相互影响的研究进展[J].建筑结构学报,2016,37(8):90-100.(YANG Min,JIN Jun-wei.Research progress on interaction of pile foundation with nearby existing subway tunnel[J].Journal of Building Structure,2016,37(8):90-100.(in Chinese))
[17]郑俊杰,章荣军,潘玉涛,等.考虑开挖卸荷及变形耦合效应的被动桩分析方法[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(4):606-614.(ZHENG Jun-jie,ZHANG Rong-jun,PAN Yu-tao,et al.Analytic method for passive piles considering excavation-induced unloading effects and deformation coupling effect[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(4):606-614.(in Chinese))
[18]张治国,徐晨,宫剑飞.考虑桩侧土体三维效应和地基剪切变形的隧道开挖对邻近桩基影响分析[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(5):846-856.(ZHANG Zhi-guo,XU Chen,GONG Jian-fei.Influence of tunneling on deflection of adjacent piles considering shearing deformation of foundation and 3D effects of lateral soils beside piles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(5):846-856.(in Chinese))
[19]龚晓南,王继成,伍程杰.深基坑开挖卸荷对既有桩基侧摩阻力影响分析[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(6):70-76.(GONG Xiao-nan,WANG Ji-cheng,WUCheng-jie.Effect of unloading on the shaft resistance of existing piles due to deep excavation[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Science),2014,41(6):70-76.(in Chinese))
[20]胡琦,凌道盛,陈云敏,等.深基坑开挖对坑内基桩受力特性的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(7):1965-1970.(HU Qi,LING Dao-sheng,CHEN Yun-min,et al.Study of loading characters of pile foundation due to unloading of deep foundation pit excavation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(7):1965-1970.(in Chinese))
[21]陈锦剑,吴琼,王建华,等.开挖卸荷条件下单桩承载力特性的模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(增刊2):97-100.(CHEN Jin-jian,WU Qiong,WANG Jian-hua,et al.Model tests on bearing capacity of single pile influenced by excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(S2):97-100.(in Chinese))
[22]杨敏,逯建栋.深开挖基坑回弹引起的坑中桩受力与位移计算[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(12):1730-1735.(YANG Min,LU Jian-dong.A calculation of behavior of underpinning pile subjected to excavation of deep foundation pit[J].Journal of Tongji University(natural science),2010,38(12):1730-1735.(in Chinese))
[23]CHEN L T,POULOS H G,HULL T S.Model tests on pile groups subjected to lateral soil movement[J].Soils and Foundations,1997,37(1):1-12.
[24]PAN J L,GOH A,WONG K S,et al.Ultimate soil pressures for piles subjected to lateral soil movements[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2002,128(6):530-535.
[25]GUO W D,GHEE E H.Model tests on single piles in sand due to soil movement[C]//Proc 18th Australasian Conf on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials.London,2004:997-1003.
[26]陈锦剑,王建华,范巍,等.抗拔桩在大面积深开挖过程中的受力特性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(3):402-407.(CHEN Jin-jian,WANG Jian-hua,FAN Wei,et al.Behavior of up-lift pile foundation during large-scale deep excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(3):402-407.(in Chinese))
[27]LYNDON A,SCHOFIELD A N.Centrifugal model test of a short-term failure in London clay[J].Geotechnique.1970,20(4):440-442.
[28]BOLTON M D,POWRIE W.The collapse of diaphragm walls retaining clay[J].Géotechnique,1987,37(3):335-353.
[29]BOLTON M D,POWRIE W.Behaviour of diaphragm walls in clay prior to collapse[J].Géotechnique,1988,38(2):167-189.
[30]KIMURA T,TAKEMURA J,HIRO-OKA A,et al.Excavation in soft clay using in-flight excavator[C]//Proc Int Conf Centrifuge 94.Singapore,1994.
[31]LOH C K,TAN T S,LEE F H.Three-dimensional excavation tests in the centrifuge[C]//Proc Int Conf Centrifuge 98.Rotterdam,1998.
[32]LEUNG C F,CHOW Y K,SHEN R F.Behavior of pile subject to excavation-induced soil movement[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2000,126(11):947-954.
[33]LEUNG C F,LIM J K,SHEN R F,et al.Behavior of pile groups subject to excavation-induced soil movement[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.2003,129(1):58-65.
[34]ONG D E,LEUNG C E,CHOW Y K.Pile behavior due to excavation-induced soil movement in clay I:stable wall[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.2006,132(1):36-44.
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