裂缝对致密砂岩储层物性及产气能力影响实验
|
摘要
针对低孔、低渗、低丰度的致密砂岩储层开采难度大难题,根据致密砂岩储层中裂缝发育的特点,采用人造低渗裂缝砂岩岩心物理模拟的方法,开展了裂缝参数对裂缝岩心渗透率和产气能力影响程度实验。结果表明:岩心实际渗透率与理论渗透率存在差异,并且裂缝数量和高度对岩心渗透率及产气能力影响较大,而裂缝位置对岩心渗透率及产气能力基本无影响;实际裂缝壁面粗糙并非理论模型所假设的光滑面,增加了气体流动阻力,致使裂缝岩心实测渗透率值低于理论渗透率值;当裂缝岩心基质渗透率较高时,其孔喉尺寸较大,连通性较好,气体在孔喉中渗流能力较强,裂缝改善渗流作用效果不如低渗透岩心;未贯穿裂缝对岩心渗透能力改善效果十分有限,基质部分渗透率决定了气体通过能力和产气量;增加裂缝高度和裂缝数量有利于改善岩心渗透率及产气能力。
Aiming at the difficult development problems of low-porosity, low-permeability and low-abundance tight sandstone reservoirs, according to the characteristics of the fracture development in the reservoirs, the experiments of the effect of the fracture parameters on the fractured core permeability and gas production capacity were carried out by using physical simulation method of the artificial low-permeability fractured sandstone core. The results show that there exists a certain difference between the actual and theoretical permeabilities for the cores, and moreover the number and height of the fractures have great influences on the core permeability and gas production capacity, while the location of the fractures has little effect on the core permeability and capacity; the roughness of the actual fracture wall is not the smooth surface assumed by the theoretical model, which increases the flow resistance of the gas and results in the lower actually measured permeability value than the theoretical permeability value for the fractured core. When the matrix permeability of the fractured core is higher, its pore throat size is rather larger, its connectivity is much better, the gas seepage ability in the pore throat is more stronger, thus the effect of improving the seepage by the fracture is rather lower than that of the low-permeability core;the effect of non-penetrated fracture on improving the core permeability is very limited, the permeability of the partial matrix determines the gas penetrating capacity and gas production; the increased fracture height and number are beneficial to improve the core permeability and gas production capacity.
Aiming at the difficult development problems of low-porosity, low-permeability and low-abundance tight sandstone reservoirs, according to the characteristics of the fracture development in the reservoirs, the experiments of the effect of the fracture parameters on the fractured core permeability and gas production capacity were carried out by using physical simulation method of the artificial low-permeability fractured sandstone core. The results show that there exists a certain difference between the actual and theoretical permeabilities for the cores, and moreover the number and height of the fractures have great influences on the core permeability and gas production capacity, while the location of the fractures has little effect on the core permeability and capacity; the roughness of the actual fracture wall is not the smooth surface assumed by the theoretical model, which increases the flow resistance of the gas and results in the lower actually measured permeability value than the theoretical permeability value for the fractured core. When the matrix permeability of the fractured core is higher, its pore throat size is rather larger, its connectivity is much better, the gas seepage ability in the pore throat is more stronger, thus the effect of improving the seepage by the fracture is rather lower than that of the low-permeability core;the effect of non-penetrated fracture on improving the core permeability is very limited, the permeability of the partial matrix determines the gas penetrating capacity and gas production; the increased fracture height and number are beneficial to improve the core permeability and gas production capacity.
引文
[1]秦勇,郑长东,王博洋,等.基于等温吸附曲线的煤储层产气潜力定量评价:以黔北地区长岗矿区为例[J].天然气工业,2018,38(9):40-47.QIN Yong,ZHENG Changdong,WANG Boyang,et al.Quantitative evaluation on the gas production potential of coal reservoirs based on isothermal adsorption curves:A case study of the Changgang Field,Northern Guizhou,China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(9):40-47.
[2]金成志,张玉广,尚立涛,等.致密气藏复杂裂缝压裂技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(1):154-158.JIN Chengzhi,ZHANG Yuguang,SHANG Litao,et al.Fracturing technique for the comprehensive crack in the tight gas reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2018,37(1):154-158.
[3]胡勇,李熙喆,卢祥国,等.砂岩气藏衰竭开采过程中含水饱和度变化规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):723-726.HU Yong,LI Xizhe,LU Xiangguo,et al.Varying law of water saturation in the depletion-drive development of sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):723-726.
[4]屈雪峰,周晓峰,刘丽丽,等.鄂尔多斯盆地古峰庄—麻黄山地区长82低渗透砂岩致密化过程分析[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(03):337-348.QU Xuefeng,ZHOU Xiaofeng,LIU Lili,et al.Densification process of Chang 82 ultra-low permeability sandstone,Gufengzhuang-Mahuangshan area,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(3):337-348.
[5]张云钊,曾联波,罗群,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层裂缝特征和成因机制[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(2):211-225.ZHANG Yunzhao,ZENG Lianbo,LUO Qun,et al.Research on the types and genetic mechanisms of tight reservoir in the Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience ,2018,29(2):211-225.
[6]张颖,张海涛,何希鹏,等.渝东南武隆地区龙马溪组页岩孔裂隙特征研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(4):29-39.ZHANG Ying,ZHANG Haitao,HE Xipeng,et al.Shale pore characteristics of Longmaxi Formation in Wulong area,Southeastern Chongqing[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition) ,2018,40(4):29-39.
[7]张红杰,王鹏,张林强,等.临兴致密砂岩气藏直井缝网压裂可行性定量分析[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2018,15(13):76-80.ZHANG Hongjie,WANG Peng,ZHANG Linqiang,et al.The possibility of application of network fracturing in vertical wells for tight sand gas reservoir in Linxing area[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2018,15(13):76-80.
[8]徐黎明,王利明,牛小兵,等.致密油藏体积压裂水平井动用规律:以长庆油田为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(6):87-93.XU Liming,WANG Liming,NIU Xiaobing,et al.Drainage boundary laws of horizontal well with stimulated reservoir volume fracturing in tight oil reservoirs:A case study of Changqing Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(6):87-93.
[9]杨海军,张荣虎,杨宪彰,等.超深层致密砂岩构造裂缝特征及其对储层的改造作用:以塔里木盆地库车坳陷克深气田白垩系为例[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(7):942-950.YANG Haijun,ZHANG Ronghu,YANG Xianzhang,et al.Characteristics and reservoir improvement effect of structural fracture in ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoir:A case study of Keshen Gasfield,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(7):942-950.
[10]朱秋影,魏国齐,刘锐娥,等.致密砂岩气藏可动水层早期判识方法及矿场应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(1):171-174.ZHU Qiuying,WEI Guoqi,LIU Ruie,et al.Early identifying methods of the movable aquifer in tight sandstone gas reservoirs and their field applications[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2018,37(1):171-174.
[11]李进步,王继平,王艳,等.致密砂岩储层中气体渗流规律实验研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(6):154-158.LI Jin bu,WANG Ji ping,WANG Yan,et al.Experimental study on the seepage laws of the gas in tight sandstone reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(6):154-158.
[12]张越.苏里格东部上古生界盒8段沉积体系及产气能力评价[D].西安:西安石油大学,2010.ZHANG Yue.Depositional systems of Neopaleozoic He8 pool and discussion of gas deliverability of Eastern Sulige Gasfield[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2010.
[13]陈文滨,姜汉桥,李俊键,等.张裂缝和剪裂缝应力敏感差异对致密砂岩储层产能影响[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(5):146-150.CHEN Wenbin,JIANG Hanqiao,LI Junjian,et al.Influence of stress sensitivity difference between tensile fractures and shear fractures on productivity of tight sandstone reservoirs[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(5):146-150.
[14]胡广斌,卢祥国,张宝岩,等.裂缝参数对储层渗透率和孔隙度影响实验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(4):55-58.HU Guangbin,LU Xiangguo,ZHANG Baoyan,et al.Influence experiment of the fracture parameters on the reservoir permeability and porosity[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2016,35(4):55-58.
[15]卢祥国,高振环,闫文华.人造岩心渗透率影响因素试验研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1994,13(4):53-55.LU Xiangguo,GAO Zhenhuan,YAN Wenhua.Experimental study of factors influence permeability of artificial core[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,1994,13(4):53-55.
[16]卢祥国,宋合龙,王景盛,等.石英砂环氧树脂胶结非均质模型制作方法:中国,ZL200510063665.8[P].2005-09-07.LU Xiangguo,SONG Helong,WANG Jingsheng,et al.Method for making heterogeneous cementation model of quartz sand epoxy resin:China,ZL200510063665.8[P].2005-09-07.
[17]胡勇.致密砂岩气藏储层渗流机理研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2016.HU Yong.Research on percolation mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoir[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2016.
[18]杨瑀,何志雄;陈旭,等.缝洞型油藏油井产能分析[J].断块油气田,2014,21(6):746-749.YANG Yu,HE Zhixiong,CHEN Xu,et al.Productivity analysis of single well in fractured-vuggy reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2014,21(6):746-749.
[2]金成志,张玉广,尚立涛,等.致密气藏复杂裂缝压裂技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(1):154-158.JIN Chengzhi,ZHANG Yuguang,SHANG Litao,et al.Fracturing technique for the comprehensive crack in the tight gas reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2018,37(1):154-158.
[3]胡勇,李熙喆,卢祥国,等.砂岩气藏衰竭开采过程中含水饱和度变化规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):723-726.HU Yong,LI Xizhe,LU Xiangguo,et al.Varying law of water saturation in the depletion-drive development of sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):723-726.
[4]屈雪峰,周晓峰,刘丽丽,等.鄂尔多斯盆地古峰庄—麻黄山地区长82低渗透砂岩致密化过程分析[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(03):337-348.QU Xuefeng,ZHOU Xiaofeng,LIU Lili,et al.Densification process of Chang 82 ultra-low permeability sandstone,Gufengzhuang-Mahuangshan area,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(3):337-348.
[5]张云钊,曾联波,罗群,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层裂缝特征和成因机制[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(2):211-225.ZHANG Yunzhao,ZENG Lianbo,LUO Qun,et al.Research on the types and genetic mechanisms of tight reservoir in the Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience ,2018,29(2):211-225.
[6]张颖,张海涛,何希鹏,等.渝东南武隆地区龙马溪组页岩孔裂隙特征研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(4):29-39.ZHANG Ying,ZHANG Haitao,HE Xipeng,et al.Shale pore characteristics of Longmaxi Formation in Wulong area,Southeastern Chongqing[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition) ,2018,40(4):29-39.
[7]张红杰,王鹏,张林强,等.临兴致密砂岩气藏直井缝网压裂可行性定量分析[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2018,15(13):76-80.ZHANG Hongjie,WANG Peng,ZHANG Linqiang,et al.The possibility of application of network fracturing in vertical wells for tight sand gas reservoir in Linxing area[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2018,15(13):76-80.
[8]徐黎明,王利明,牛小兵,等.致密油藏体积压裂水平井动用规律:以长庆油田为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(6):87-93.XU Liming,WANG Liming,NIU Xiaobing,et al.Drainage boundary laws of horizontal well with stimulated reservoir volume fracturing in tight oil reservoirs:A case study of Changqing Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(6):87-93.
[9]杨海军,张荣虎,杨宪彰,等.超深层致密砂岩构造裂缝特征及其对储层的改造作用:以塔里木盆地库车坳陷克深气田白垩系为例[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(7):942-950.YANG Haijun,ZHANG Ronghu,YANG Xianzhang,et al.Characteristics and reservoir improvement effect of structural fracture in ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoir:A case study of Keshen Gasfield,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(7):942-950.
[10]朱秋影,魏国齐,刘锐娥,等.致密砂岩气藏可动水层早期判识方法及矿场应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(1):171-174.ZHU Qiuying,WEI Guoqi,LIU Ruie,et al.Early identifying methods of the movable aquifer in tight sandstone gas reservoirs and their field applications[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2018,37(1):171-174.
[11]李进步,王继平,王艳,等.致密砂岩储层中气体渗流规律实验研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(6):154-158.LI Jin bu,WANG Ji ping,WANG Yan,et al.Experimental study on the seepage laws of the gas in tight sandstone reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(6):154-158.
[12]张越.苏里格东部上古生界盒8段沉积体系及产气能力评价[D].西安:西安石油大学,2010.ZHANG Yue.Depositional systems of Neopaleozoic He8 pool and discussion of gas deliverability of Eastern Sulige Gasfield[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2010.
[13]陈文滨,姜汉桥,李俊键,等.张裂缝和剪裂缝应力敏感差异对致密砂岩储层产能影响[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(5):146-150.CHEN Wenbin,JIANG Hanqiao,LI Junjian,et al.Influence of stress sensitivity difference between tensile fractures and shear fractures on productivity of tight sandstone reservoirs[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(5):146-150.
[14]胡广斌,卢祥国,张宝岩,等.裂缝参数对储层渗透率和孔隙度影响实验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(4):55-58.HU Guangbin,LU Xiangguo,ZHANG Baoyan,et al.Influence experiment of the fracture parameters on the reservoir permeability and porosity[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2016,35(4):55-58.
[15]卢祥国,高振环,闫文华.人造岩心渗透率影响因素试验研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1994,13(4):53-55.LU Xiangguo,GAO Zhenhuan,YAN Wenhua.Experimental study of factors influence permeability of artificial core[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,1994,13(4):53-55.
[16]卢祥国,宋合龙,王景盛,等.石英砂环氧树脂胶结非均质模型制作方法:中国,ZL200510063665.8[P].2005-09-07.LU Xiangguo,SONG Helong,WANG Jingsheng,et al.Method for making heterogeneous cementation model of quartz sand epoxy resin:China,ZL200510063665.8[P].2005-09-07.
[17]胡勇.致密砂岩气藏储层渗流机理研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2016.HU Yong.Research on percolation mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoir[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2016.
[18]杨瑀,何志雄;陈旭,等.缝洞型油藏油井产能分析[J].断块油气田,2014,21(6):746-749.YANG Yu,HE Zhixiong,CHEN Xu,et al.Productivity analysis of single well in fractured-vuggy reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2014,21(6):746-749.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |