蒸汽驱中—后期间歇注热理论模型与现场试验
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摘要
在蒸汽驱中—后期,蒸汽带覆盖面积达到目标油藏区域时,间歇注热(汽)是一种有效的开采技术,但关于间歇周期、间歇注热速率等的相关理论研究较少。采用下行式蒸汽驱概念模型,在Neuman蒸汽驱理论的基础上,建立了蒸汽驱中—后期蒸汽突破后蒸汽带覆盖面积保持恒定条件下的热量递减注入速率方程和蒸汽带体积方程,进而建立了蒸汽驱中—后期间歇注热的间歇时间方程和恢复注热时的注热速率方程。以辽河油田齐40区块为例,利用间歇注热理论方程进行计算,计算结果与实际油田现场试验结果吻合较好。根据研究结果,建议现场实施间歇注热蒸汽驱的主要技术参数是注/停时间比为1∶1,停注时间为30d(最多不超过40d),恢复注热时的注热速率为前期连续蒸汽驱注热速率平均值的1.2～1.5倍。
In the middle and late stage of steam flooding,intermittent heat(steam)injection is an effective recovery technique when the steam zone has covered the whole area of the target reservoir.However,there is few related theoretical research report regarding the intermittent period and intermittent heat injection rate.Based on the Neuman steam flooding theory,the downward steam flooding concept is used to establish equations for the decreasing heat injection rate and steam zone volume when the steam coverage area is kept constant after steam breakthrough in the middle and late stages of steam flooding.On this basis,this study establishes the intermittent time equation and restarting heat injection rate equation for intermittent heat injection in the middle and late stages of steam flooding.Taking Qi 40 block of Liaohe oilfield as an example,calculations are carried out with the established theoretical equations,and the results are well consistent with the actual field test results.According to the results of this study,the main technical parameters for the onsite intermittent heat injection steam flooding are recommended as follows:the ratio of injection/stop time is 1∶1;the injection stop time is appropriately 30 days,no more than 40 days;the restarting heat injection rate is 1.2-1.5 times of the average heat injection rate of the previous continuous steam flooding.
In the middle and late stage of steam flooding,intermittent heat(steam)injection is an effective recovery technique when the steam zone has covered the whole area of the target reservoir.However,there is few related theoretical research report regarding the intermittent period and intermittent heat injection rate.Based on the Neuman steam flooding theory,the downward steam flooding concept is used to establish equations for the decreasing heat injection rate and steam zone volume when the steam coverage area is kept constant after steam breakthrough in the middle and late stages of steam flooding.On this basis,this study establishes the intermittent time equation and restarting heat injection rate equation for intermittent heat injection in the middle and late stages of steam flooding.Taking Qi 40 block of Liaohe oilfield as an example,calculations are carried out with the established theoretical equations,and the results are well consistent with the actual field test results.According to the results of this study,the main technical parameters for the onsite intermittent heat injection steam flooding are recommended as follows:the ratio of injection/stop time is 1∶1;the injection stop time is appropriately 30 days,no more than 40 days;the restarting heat injection rate is 1.2-1.5 times of the average heat injection rate of the previous continuous steam flooding.
引文
[1]郑家朋,东晓虎,刘慧卿,等.稠油油藏注蒸汽开发汽窜特征研究[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(6):72-75.ZHENG Jiapeng,DONG Xiaohu,LIU Huiqing,et al.Study on the characteristics of steam breakthrough during steam injection in heavy oil reservoirs[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoir,2012,19(6):72-75.
[2]吴正彬,庞占喜,刘慧卿,等.稠油油藏高温凝胶改善蒸汽驱开发效果可视化实验[J].石油学报,2015,36(11):1421-1426.WU Zhengbin,PANG Zhanxi,LIU Huiqing,et al.A visible experiment on adoption of high-temperature gel for improving the development effect of steam flooding in heavy oil reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(11):1421-1426.
[3]汪庐山,曹嫣镔,刘冬青,等.泡沫改善间歇蒸汽驱开发效果[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(1):79-81.WANG Lushan,CAO Yanbin,LIU Dongqing,et al.Foam technology for improving development effect of intermission steam flooding[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(1):79-81.
[4]张红玲,刘慧卿,王晗,等.蒸汽吞吐汽窜调剖参数优化设计研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):105-108.ZHANG Hongling,LIU Huiqing,WANG Han,et al.Optimization design of profile control parameters for steam stimulation wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):105-108.
[5]沈德煌,吴永彬,梁淑贤,等.注蒸汽热力采油泡沫剂的热稳定性[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):652-655.SHEN Dehuang,WU Yongbin,LIANG Shuxian,et al.Thermal stability of foam during steam drive[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):652-655.
[6]曹嫣镔,刘冬青,张仲平,等.胜利油田超稠油蒸汽驱汽窜控制技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):739-743.CAO Yanbin,LIU Dongqing,ZHANG Zhongping,et al.Steam channeling control in the steam flooding of super heavy oil reservoirs,Shengli oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):739-743.
[7]张忠义,周游,沈德煌,等.直井-水平井组合蒸汽氮气泡沫驱物模实验[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):90-95.ZHANG Zhongyi,ZHOU You,SHEN Dehuang,et al.Physical modeling experiments on steam nitrogen foam flooding for a vertical and horizontal well combination[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(1):90-95.
[8]熊启勇,吕振华,胡新玉,等.井下自生CO2复合泡沫封堵汽窜技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(1):91-94.XIONG Qiyong,LZhenhua,HU Xinyu,et al.Study and application of steam channeling plugging technology by using downhole authigenic CO2compound foam[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(1):91-94.
[9]王正茂,廖广志,蒲万芬,等.注空气开发中地层原油氧化反应特征[J].石油学报,2018,39(3):314-319.WANG Zhengmao,LIAO Guangzhi,PU Wanfen,et al.Oxidation reaction features of formation crude oil in air injection development[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(3):314-319.
[10]关文龙,张霞林,席长丰,等.稠油老区直井火驱驱替特征与井网模式选择[J].石油学报,2017,38(8):935-946.GUAN Wenlong,ZHANG Xialin,XI Changfeng,et al.Displacement characteristics and well pattern selection of vertical-well fire flooding in heavy oil reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(8):935-946.
[11]梁金中,王伯军,关文龙,等.稠油油藏火烧油层吞吐技术与矿场试验[J].石油学报,2017,38(3):324-332.LIANG Jinzhong,WANG Bojun,GUAN Wenlong,et al.Technology and field test of cyclic in situ combustion in heavy oil reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(3):324-332.
[12]王卓飞,黄景龙,王力兴,等.稠油油藏段塞蒸汽驱技术研究[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(4):330-332.WANG Zhuofei,HUANG Jinglong,WANG Lixing,et al.Study on reserve distribution and recovery percent of heterogeneous conglomerate oil-pools-an example from upper karamay formation reservoir in Karamay oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(4):330-332.
[13]LIU Yongjian,GUO Lingling,HU Shaobin,et al.Liaohe heavyoil field pilot improves gravity-assisted steam flooding[J].Oil&Gas Journal,2016,114(12):61-66.
[14]马红,周大胜,国立刚,等.曙一区超稠油间歇蒸汽吞吐技术探讨[J].特种油气藏,2002,9(6):18-20.MA Hong,ZHOU Dasheng,GUO Ligang,et al.Intermittent cyclic steam stimulation in super heavy oil producer of Shu1 area[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2002,9(6):18-20.
[15]陈会娟,李明忠,狄勤丰,等.多点注汽水平井井筒出流规律数值模拟[J].石油学报,2017,38(6):696-704.CHEN Huijuan,LI Mingzhong,DI Qinfeng,et al.Numerical simulation of the outflow performance for horizontal wells with multiple steam injection valves[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(6):696-704.
[16]高永荣,闫存章,刘尚奇,等.利用蒸汽超覆作用提高注蒸汽开发效果[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):91-94.GAO Yongrong,YAN Cunzhang,LIU Shangqi,et al.Improving steam injection performance using steam overlap[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):91-94.
[17]时光,刘永建.蒸汽驱后振荡式注汽物理模拟实验研究[J].油气藏评价与开发,2017,7(5):44-49.SHI Guang,LIU Yongjian.Research on physical simulation experiment of oscillation steam injection after steam flooding[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2017,7(5):44-49.
[18]刘新福,宋鹏瑞.间歇注汽法-提高蒸汽驱效果的重要方法[J].新疆石油地质,1997,18(1):87-90.LIU Xinfu,SONG Pengrui.Intermittent Steam injection-an important method for enhancing steam flooding efficiency[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1997,18(1):87-90.
[19]李彦平,杨志斌,刘新福,等.间歇蒸汽驱技术及其在河南油田的应用[J].成都理工学院学报,2001,28(4):405-408.LI Yanping,YANG Zhibin,LIU Xinfu,et al.The technique of intermission steam flood and its application to Henan oil field[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2001,28(4):405-408.
[20]赵洪岩,相天章,王树奇.蒸汽驱间歇注汽数值模拟研究[J].特种油气藏,1995,2(3):23-26.ZHAO Hongyan,XIANG Tianzhang,WANG Shuqi.Study on numerical modelling of intermittent steam injection of steam flooding[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoir,1995,2(3):23-26.
[21]张锋,凌建军,黄海波,等.间歇注汽改善齐40块蒸汽驱开发效果研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(2):70-71.ZHANG Feng,LING Jianjun,HUANG Haibo,et al.Improvement of development effect of steamflooding by interval steam injection in block Qi40[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2002,24(2):70-71.
[22]NEUMAN C H.A mathematical model of the steam drive processderivation[R].SPE5495,1975.
[23]NEUMAN C H.A gravity override model of steamdrive[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1985,37(1):163-169.
[24]KUMAR M,ZIEGLER V M.Injection schedules and production strategies for optimizing steamflood performance[J].SPE Reservoir Engineering,1993,8(2):101-107.
[25]斯蒂德曼W.工程和应用科学实用化学[M].赵世雄,陆晓明,操时杰,等译.北京:原子能出版社,1985:76-81.STEEDMAN W.Chemistry for the engineering and applied science[M].ZHAO Shixiong,LU Xiaoming,CAO Shijie,et al,trans.Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1985:76-81.
[26]凌建军.实用稠油热采工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:14-15.LING Jianjun.Practical engineering of thermal recovery of heavy oil[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996:14-15.
[2]吴正彬,庞占喜,刘慧卿,等.稠油油藏高温凝胶改善蒸汽驱开发效果可视化实验[J].石油学报,2015,36(11):1421-1426.WU Zhengbin,PANG Zhanxi,LIU Huiqing,et al.A visible experiment on adoption of high-temperature gel for improving the development effect of steam flooding in heavy oil reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(11):1421-1426.
[3]汪庐山,曹嫣镔,刘冬青,等.泡沫改善间歇蒸汽驱开发效果[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(1):79-81.WANG Lushan,CAO Yanbin,LIU Dongqing,et al.Foam technology for improving development effect of intermission steam flooding[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(1):79-81.
[4]张红玲,刘慧卿,王晗,等.蒸汽吞吐汽窜调剖参数优化设计研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):105-108.ZHANG Hongling,LIU Huiqing,WANG Han,et al.Optimization design of profile control parameters for steam stimulation wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):105-108.
[5]沈德煌,吴永彬,梁淑贤,等.注蒸汽热力采油泡沫剂的热稳定性[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):652-655.SHEN Dehuang,WU Yongbin,LIANG Shuxian,et al.Thermal stability of foam during steam drive[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):652-655.
[6]曹嫣镔,刘冬青,张仲平,等.胜利油田超稠油蒸汽驱汽窜控制技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):739-743.CAO Yanbin,LIU Dongqing,ZHANG Zhongping,et al.Steam channeling control in the steam flooding of super heavy oil reservoirs,Shengli oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):739-743.
[7]张忠义,周游,沈德煌,等.直井-水平井组合蒸汽氮气泡沫驱物模实验[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):90-95.ZHANG Zhongyi,ZHOU You,SHEN Dehuang,et al.Physical modeling experiments on steam nitrogen foam flooding for a vertical and horizontal well combination[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(1):90-95.
[8]熊启勇,吕振华,胡新玉,等.井下自生CO2复合泡沫封堵汽窜技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(1):91-94.XIONG Qiyong,LZhenhua,HU Xinyu,et al.Study and application of steam channeling plugging technology by using downhole authigenic CO2compound foam[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(1):91-94.
[9]王正茂,廖广志,蒲万芬,等.注空气开发中地层原油氧化反应特征[J].石油学报,2018,39(3):314-319.WANG Zhengmao,LIAO Guangzhi,PU Wanfen,et al.Oxidation reaction features of formation crude oil in air injection development[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(3):314-319.
[10]关文龙,张霞林,席长丰,等.稠油老区直井火驱驱替特征与井网模式选择[J].石油学报,2017,38(8):935-946.GUAN Wenlong,ZHANG Xialin,XI Changfeng,et al.Displacement characteristics and well pattern selection of vertical-well fire flooding in heavy oil reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(8):935-946.
[11]梁金中,王伯军,关文龙,等.稠油油藏火烧油层吞吐技术与矿场试验[J].石油学报,2017,38(3):324-332.LIANG Jinzhong,WANG Bojun,GUAN Wenlong,et al.Technology and field test of cyclic in situ combustion in heavy oil reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(3):324-332.
[12]王卓飞,黄景龙,王力兴,等.稠油油藏段塞蒸汽驱技术研究[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(4):330-332.WANG Zhuofei,HUANG Jinglong,WANG Lixing,et al.Study on reserve distribution and recovery percent of heterogeneous conglomerate oil-pools-an example from upper karamay formation reservoir in Karamay oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(4):330-332.
[13]LIU Yongjian,GUO Lingling,HU Shaobin,et al.Liaohe heavyoil field pilot improves gravity-assisted steam flooding[J].Oil&Gas Journal,2016,114(12):61-66.
[14]马红,周大胜,国立刚,等.曙一区超稠油间歇蒸汽吞吐技术探讨[J].特种油气藏,2002,9(6):18-20.MA Hong,ZHOU Dasheng,GUO Ligang,et al.Intermittent cyclic steam stimulation in super heavy oil producer of Shu1 area[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2002,9(6):18-20.
[15]陈会娟,李明忠,狄勤丰,等.多点注汽水平井井筒出流规律数值模拟[J].石油学报,2017,38(6):696-704.CHEN Huijuan,LI Mingzhong,DI Qinfeng,et al.Numerical simulation of the outflow performance for horizontal wells with multiple steam injection valves[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(6):696-704.
[16]高永荣,闫存章,刘尚奇,等.利用蒸汽超覆作用提高注蒸汽开发效果[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):91-94.GAO Yongrong,YAN Cunzhang,LIU Shangqi,et al.Improving steam injection performance using steam overlap[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):91-94.
[17]时光,刘永建.蒸汽驱后振荡式注汽物理模拟实验研究[J].油气藏评价与开发,2017,7(5):44-49.SHI Guang,LIU Yongjian.Research on physical simulation experiment of oscillation steam injection after steam flooding[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2017,7(5):44-49.
[18]刘新福,宋鹏瑞.间歇注汽法-提高蒸汽驱效果的重要方法[J].新疆石油地质,1997,18(1):87-90.LIU Xinfu,SONG Pengrui.Intermittent Steam injection-an important method for enhancing steam flooding efficiency[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1997,18(1):87-90.
[19]李彦平,杨志斌,刘新福,等.间歇蒸汽驱技术及其在河南油田的应用[J].成都理工学院学报,2001,28(4):405-408.LI Yanping,YANG Zhibin,LIU Xinfu,et al.The technique of intermission steam flood and its application to Henan oil field[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2001,28(4):405-408.
[20]赵洪岩,相天章,王树奇.蒸汽驱间歇注汽数值模拟研究[J].特种油气藏,1995,2(3):23-26.ZHAO Hongyan,XIANG Tianzhang,WANG Shuqi.Study on numerical modelling of intermittent steam injection of steam flooding[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoir,1995,2(3):23-26.
[21]张锋,凌建军,黄海波,等.间歇注汽改善齐40块蒸汽驱开发效果研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(2):70-71.ZHANG Feng,LING Jianjun,HUANG Haibo,et al.Improvement of development effect of steamflooding by interval steam injection in block Qi40[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2002,24(2):70-71.
[22]NEUMAN C H.A mathematical model of the steam drive processderivation[R].SPE5495,1975.
[23]NEUMAN C H.A gravity override model of steamdrive[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1985,37(1):163-169.
[24]KUMAR M,ZIEGLER V M.Injection schedules and production strategies for optimizing steamflood performance[J].SPE Reservoir Engineering,1993,8(2):101-107.
[25]斯蒂德曼W.工程和应用科学实用化学[M].赵世雄,陆晓明,操时杰,等译.北京:原子能出版社,1985:76-81.STEEDMAN W.Chemistry for the engineering and applied science[M].ZHAO Shixiong,LU Xiaoming,CAO Shijie,et al,trans.Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1985:76-81.
[26]凌建军.实用稠油热采工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:14-15.LING Jianjun.Practical engineering of thermal recovery of heavy oil[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996:14-15.
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