藏北地区钻孔大地热流值测量
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摘要
本文利用藏北地区三口天然气水合物钻孔测温数据,在分析样品热导率测试结果基础上,计算了藏北地区的热流值.对于样品热导率值,首先根据样品孔隙度对实验室测试结果进行了饱水校正,计算热流时采用的是对应井段的岩石热导率饱水校正值的厚度加权平均值.地温梯度以三口钻孔48h的测温数据为基础,回归三口井的地温梯度,计算时去除了浅部受地表温度和冻土带对温度影响的数值.A钻孔地温梯度分为200～438m和438～882m两段回归,分段热流的加权平均值作为钻孔热流值,计算结果为42.7mW·m~(-2);B钻孔和C钻孔回归地温梯度时未分段,热流计算结果分别为58.3mW·m~(-2)、70mW·m~(-2).综合分析认为,岩石圈断裂、地幔上涌、碰撞造山过程中的剪切生热等因素可能造成了班公湖—怒江缝合带以南热流值较高,而北部羌塘地块热流值相对较低.
The heat flow values of northern Tibet were calculated based on three gas hydrate wells′temperature logs and core thermal conductivity analysis.Laboratory thermal conductivity test results were first calibrated by using associated core porosity and a 100% water-saturated model,then the arithmetic average thermal conductivity was determined from the corrected values,which were weighted by a factor proportional to the interval thickness.Geothermal gradients were from the linear regression analysis of the borehole temperature data,which was logged within 48 hours after TD.The shallow interval temperature data was filtered out to avoid the impact of ground temperature and permafrost.Two different geothermal gradients were derived from well A.A weighted average of the two zones for well A resulted in a heat flow value of 42.7 mW·m~(-2).Well B and well C only had one geothermal gradient.Heat flow values of58.3 mW·m~(-2) and 70 mW·m~(-2) were calculated for well B and well C,respectively.Some factors,such as crustal faults,mantle upwelling and shear heat from overthrust terrains,may lead to higher heat flow values in the south of Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone.Conversely,the heat flow value is relatively low in the north of the suture zone.
The heat flow values of northern Tibet were calculated based on three gas hydrate wells′temperature logs and core thermal conductivity analysis.Laboratory thermal conductivity test results were first calibrated by using associated core porosity and a 100% water-saturated model,then the arithmetic average thermal conductivity was determined from the corrected values,which were weighted by a factor proportional to the interval thickness.Geothermal gradients were from the linear regression analysis of the borehole temperature data,which was logged within 48 hours after TD.The shallow interval temperature data was filtered out to avoid the impact of ground temperature and permafrost.Two different geothermal gradients were derived from well A.A weighted average of the two zones for well A resulted in a heat flow value of 42.7 mW·m~(-2).Well B and well C only had one geothermal gradient.Heat flow values of58.3 mW·m~(-2) and 70 mW·m~(-2) were calculated for well B and well C,respectively.Some factors,such as crustal faults,mantle upwelling and shear heat from overthrust terrains,may lead to higher heat flow values in the south of Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone.Conversely,the heat flow value is relatively low in the north of the suture zone.
引文
Chen H H,Wu Y,Xiao Q G.2013.Thermal regime and paleogeothermal gradient evolution of Mesozoie-Cenozoic Sedimentary basins in the Tibetan plateau,China.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),38(3):541-552.
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.1990.Himalaya Lithosphere Tectonic Evaluation:Palemagnetic and Magnetotelluric Study(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Press.
Feng X Y.2007.Basic characteristics of the Damxung-Yangbajain active tectonic zone in Tibet and its influence on the safety of the Qing Zang railway.Acta Geoscientica Sinica(in Chinese),28(2):173-180.
Fu X G,Wang J,Tan F W.et al.2015.Recent progress in oil and gas geological exploration in the Qiangtang basin,northern Xizang.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology(in Chinese),35(1):16-24.
Gao R,Chen C,Lu Z W,et al.2013.New constraints on crustal structure and Moho topography in Central Tibet revealed by Sinoprobe deep seismic reflection profiling.Tectonophysics,606:160-170,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.08.006.
Hu S B,Huang S P.2015.The continental heat flow in China∥Wang J Y.Geothermics and its Applications(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,64-122.
Jiang G Z,Gao P,Zhang L Y,et al.2016.Compilation of heat flow data in the continental area of China(4th edition).Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(8):2892-2910,doi:10.6038/cjg20160815.
Lang X J,Liu F,Liu Z M,et al.2016.Terrestrial heat flow in guide basin,Qinghai.Geological Science and Technology Information(in Chinese),35(3):227-232.
Li Y H,Tian X B,Wu Q J,et al.2006.The Poisson ratio and crustal structure of the central Qinghai-Xizang inferred from INDEPTH-Ⅲteleseismic waveforms:Geological and geophysical implications.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),49(4):1037-1044.
Liu C M.2006.Research on the earth temperature of surveying coal resources.Hebei Coal(in Chinese),(3):12-13.
Liu G C,Shang X F,He R Z,et al.2014.Topography of Moho beneath the central Qiangtang in North Tibet and its geodynamic implication.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(7):2043-2053,doi:10.6038/cjg20140702.
Qiu N S,Hu S B,He L J.2004.Theory and Application of Geothermal System in Sedimentary Basins(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.
Ren Z L.1998.Determination of heat flow in well Qincan 1in Qinshui basin,Shanxi Province.Scientia Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),33(2):251-254.
Shen X J,Kang W H,Li D L,et al.1983.Heat flow measurements on Xizang(Tibetan)plateau.Science Bulletin,29(10):1379-1381.
Shen X J,Zhang W Y,Yang S Z,et al.1989.Borehole heat flow measurements in some geothermal areas in central Tibet.Scientia Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),(4):376-384.
Shi Y L,Zhu Y Q,Shen X J.1992.Tectonic processes and thermal evolution of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),35(6):710-720.
Wang J,Ding J,Wang C S.et al.2009.Oil and Gas Perspective Survey and Evaluation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Beijing:Geological Press.
Wang J Y,Huang S P.1988.Compilation of heat flow data for continental area of China.Scientia Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),(2):196-204
Wang J Y,Huang S P.1990.Compilation of heat flow data in the continental area of China(2nd edition).Scientia Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),12(8):351-366.
Wang P K,Zhu Y H,Zhang X H.et al.2015.Permafrost structures and their effects on the accumulation of the natural gas hydrates in the Qiangtang Basin,northern Xizang.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology(in Chinese),35(1):57-67.
Wu Z H,Zhao X T,Wu Z H,et al.2006.Quaternary geology and faulting in the Damxung-Yangbajain basin,Southern Tibet.Journal of Geomechanics(in Chinese),12(3):305-316.
Xiong S B,Liu H B.1997.Crustal structure in western Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Science Bulletin,42(8):665-669.
Yuan C P,Xu S H.2000.Characteristics of geotemperature field and maturity history of source rocks in Lunpola basin,Xizang(Tibet).Experimental Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),22(2):156-160.
Zhao W J,Huang L Y,Xiong J Y.1997.The progress of deep profiling study in Himalaya and Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),40(S1):140-152.
Zhao W J,Liu K,Jiang Z T,et al.2004.Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone,Tibet-a suggestion given by deep geophysical structure.Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),23(7):623-635.
Zhao W J,Zhao X,Jiang Z T,et al.2006.Deep structure and petroleum prospect evaluation of the Qiangtang basin,Tibet.Geology in China(in Chinese),33(1):1-13.
Zhao W J,Zhao X,Shi D N,et al.2002.Progress in the study of deep(INDEPTH)profiles in the Himalayas and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),21(11):691-700.
Zhu Y Q,Shi Y L.1990.Shear heating and partial melting of granite-thermal structure at overthrusted terrains in the greater Himalaya.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),33(4):408-416.
陈红汉,吴悠,肖秋苟.2013.青藏高原中-新生代沉积盆地热体制与古地温梯度演化.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,38(3):541-552.
冯向阳.2007.试论西藏当雄-羊八井活动构造带的基本特征及其对青藏铁路安全运营的影响.地球学报,28(2):173-180.
付修根,王剑,谭富文等.2015.藏北羌塘盆地油气地质勘探新进展.沉积与特提斯地质,35(1):16-24.
胡圣标,黄少鹏.2015.中国陆地大地热流∥汪集旸.地热学及其应用.北京:科学出版社,64-122.
姜光政,高堋,饶松等.2016.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第四版).地球物理学报,59(8):2892-2910,doi:10.6038/cjg20160815.
郎旭娟,刘峰,刘志明等.2016.青海省贵德盆地大地热流研究.地质科技情报,35(3):227-232.
李永华,田小波,吴庆举等.2006.青藏高原INDEPTH-III剖面地壳厚度与泊松比:地质与地球物理含义.地球物理学报,49(4):1037-1044.
刘承民.2006.煤炭资源勘查中的地温研究.河北煤炭,(3):12-13.
刘国成,尚学峰,贺日政等.2014.藏北羌塘盆地中部莫霍面形态及其动力学成因.地球物理学报,57(7):2043-2053,doi:10.6038/cjg20140702.
邱楠生,胡圣标,何丽娟.2004.沉积盆地热体制研究的理论与应用.北京:石油工业出版社.
任战利.1998.山西沁水盆地沁参1井大地热流值确定.地质科学,32(2):251-254.
沈显杰,康文华,李德禄等.1983.西藏高原的热流测量.科学通报,(14):875-877.
沈显杰,张文仁,杨淑贞等.1989.西藏中部地热区的钻孔热流测量.地质科学,(4):376-384.
石耀霖,朱元清,沈显杰.1992.青藏高原构造热演化的主要控制因素.地球物理学报,35(6):710-720.
汪集旸,黄少鹏.1988.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编.地质科学,(2):196-204.
汪集旸,黄少鹏.1990.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第二版).地震地质,12(4):351-366.
王剑,丁俊,王成善等.2009.青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查与评价.北京:地质出版社.
王平康,祝有海,张旭辉等.2015.羌塘盆地冻土结构特征及其对天然气水合物成藏的影响.沉积与特提斯地质,35(1):57-67.
吴中海,赵希涛,吴珍汉等.2006.西藏当雄-羊八井盆地的第四纪地质与断裂活动研究.地质力学学报,12(3):305-316.
熊绍柏,刘宏兵.1997.青藏高原西部的地壳结构.科学通报,42(12):1309-1312.
袁彩萍,徐思煌.2000.西藏伦坡拉盆地地温场特征及烃源岩热演化史.石油实验地质,22(2):156-160.
赵文津,黄立言,熊嘉育.1997.喜马拉雅和青藏高原深剖面研究的进展.地球物理学报,40(S1):140-152.
赵文津,刘葵,蒋忠惕等.2004.西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带-深部地球物理结构给出的启示.地质通报,23(7):623-635.
赵文津,赵逊,蒋忠惕等.2006.西藏羌塘盆地的深部结构特征与含油气远景评价.中国地质,33(1):1-13.
赵文津,赵逊,史大年等.2002.喜马拉雅和青藏高原深剖面(INDEPTH)研究进展.地质通报,21(11):691-700.
中国地质科学院.1990.喜马拉雅岩石圈构造演化-西藏地球物理文集.北京:地质出版社.
朱元清,石耀霖.1990.剪切生热与花岗岩部分熔融---关于喜马拉雅地区逆冲断层与地壳热结构的分析.地球物理学报,33(4):408-416.
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.1990.Himalaya Lithosphere Tectonic Evaluation:Palemagnetic and Magnetotelluric Study(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Press.
Feng X Y.2007.Basic characteristics of the Damxung-Yangbajain active tectonic zone in Tibet and its influence on the safety of the Qing Zang railway.Acta Geoscientica Sinica(in Chinese),28(2):173-180.
Fu X G,Wang J,Tan F W.et al.2015.Recent progress in oil and gas geological exploration in the Qiangtang basin,northern Xizang.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology(in Chinese),35(1):16-24.
Gao R,Chen C,Lu Z W,et al.2013.New constraints on crustal structure and Moho topography in Central Tibet revealed by Sinoprobe deep seismic reflection profiling.Tectonophysics,606:160-170,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.08.006.
Hu S B,Huang S P.2015.The continental heat flow in China∥Wang J Y.Geothermics and its Applications(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,64-122.
Jiang G Z,Gao P,Zhang L Y,et al.2016.Compilation of heat flow data in the continental area of China(4th edition).Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(8):2892-2910,doi:10.6038/cjg20160815.
Lang X J,Liu F,Liu Z M,et al.2016.Terrestrial heat flow in guide basin,Qinghai.Geological Science and Technology Information(in Chinese),35(3):227-232.
Li Y H,Tian X B,Wu Q J,et al.2006.The Poisson ratio and crustal structure of the central Qinghai-Xizang inferred from INDEPTH-Ⅲteleseismic waveforms:Geological and geophysical implications.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),49(4):1037-1044.
Liu C M.2006.Research on the earth temperature of surveying coal resources.Hebei Coal(in Chinese),(3):12-13.
Liu G C,Shang X F,He R Z,et al.2014.Topography of Moho beneath the central Qiangtang in North Tibet and its geodynamic implication.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(7):2043-2053,doi:10.6038/cjg20140702.
Qiu N S,Hu S B,He L J.2004.Theory and Application of Geothermal System in Sedimentary Basins(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.
Ren Z L.1998.Determination of heat flow in well Qincan 1in Qinshui basin,Shanxi Province.Scientia Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),33(2):251-254.
Shen X J,Kang W H,Li D L,et al.1983.Heat flow measurements on Xizang(Tibetan)plateau.Science Bulletin,29(10):1379-1381.
Shen X J,Zhang W Y,Yang S Z,et al.1989.Borehole heat flow measurements in some geothermal areas in central Tibet.Scientia Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),(4):376-384.
Shi Y L,Zhu Y Q,Shen X J.1992.Tectonic processes and thermal evolution of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),35(6):710-720.
Wang J,Ding J,Wang C S.et al.2009.Oil and Gas Perspective Survey and Evaluation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Beijing:Geological Press.
Wang J Y,Huang S P.1988.Compilation of heat flow data for continental area of China.Scientia Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),(2):196-204
Wang J Y,Huang S P.1990.Compilation of heat flow data in the continental area of China(2nd edition).Scientia Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),12(8):351-366.
Wang P K,Zhu Y H,Zhang X H.et al.2015.Permafrost structures and their effects on the accumulation of the natural gas hydrates in the Qiangtang Basin,northern Xizang.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology(in Chinese),35(1):57-67.
Wu Z H,Zhao X T,Wu Z H,et al.2006.Quaternary geology and faulting in the Damxung-Yangbajain basin,Southern Tibet.Journal of Geomechanics(in Chinese),12(3):305-316.
Xiong S B,Liu H B.1997.Crustal structure in western Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Science Bulletin,42(8):665-669.
Yuan C P,Xu S H.2000.Characteristics of geotemperature field and maturity history of source rocks in Lunpola basin,Xizang(Tibet).Experimental Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),22(2):156-160.
Zhao W J,Huang L Y,Xiong J Y.1997.The progress of deep profiling study in Himalaya and Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),40(S1):140-152.
Zhao W J,Liu K,Jiang Z T,et al.2004.Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone,Tibet-a suggestion given by deep geophysical structure.Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),23(7):623-635.
Zhao W J,Zhao X,Jiang Z T,et al.2006.Deep structure and petroleum prospect evaluation of the Qiangtang basin,Tibet.Geology in China(in Chinese),33(1):1-13.
Zhao W J,Zhao X,Shi D N,et al.2002.Progress in the study of deep(INDEPTH)profiles in the Himalayas and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),21(11):691-700.
Zhu Y Q,Shi Y L.1990.Shear heating and partial melting of granite-thermal structure at overthrusted terrains in the greater Himalaya.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),33(4):408-416.
陈红汉,吴悠,肖秋苟.2013.青藏高原中-新生代沉积盆地热体制与古地温梯度演化.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,38(3):541-552.
冯向阳.2007.试论西藏当雄-羊八井活动构造带的基本特征及其对青藏铁路安全运营的影响.地球学报,28(2):173-180.
付修根,王剑,谭富文等.2015.藏北羌塘盆地油气地质勘探新进展.沉积与特提斯地质,35(1):16-24.
胡圣标,黄少鹏.2015.中国陆地大地热流∥汪集旸.地热学及其应用.北京:科学出版社,64-122.
姜光政,高堋,饶松等.2016.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第四版).地球物理学报,59(8):2892-2910,doi:10.6038/cjg20160815.
郎旭娟,刘峰,刘志明等.2016.青海省贵德盆地大地热流研究.地质科技情报,35(3):227-232.
李永华,田小波,吴庆举等.2006.青藏高原INDEPTH-III剖面地壳厚度与泊松比:地质与地球物理含义.地球物理学报,49(4):1037-1044.
刘承民.2006.煤炭资源勘查中的地温研究.河北煤炭,(3):12-13.
刘国成,尚学峰,贺日政等.2014.藏北羌塘盆地中部莫霍面形态及其动力学成因.地球物理学报,57(7):2043-2053,doi:10.6038/cjg20140702.
邱楠生,胡圣标,何丽娟.2004.沉积盆地热体制研究的理论与应用.北京:石油工业出版社.
任战利.1998.山西沁水盆地沁参1井大地热流值确定.地质科学,32(2):251-254.
沈显杰,康文华,李德禄等.1983.西藏高原的热流测量.科学通报,(14):875-877.
沈显杰,张文仁,杨淑贞等.1989.西藏中部地热区的钻孔热流测量.地质科学,(4):376-384.
石耀霖,朱元清,沈显杰.1992.青藏高原构造热演化的主要控制因素.地球物理学报,35(6):710-720.
汪集旸,黄少鹏.1988.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编.地质科学,(2):196-204.
汪集旸,黄少鹏.1990.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第二版).地震地质,12(4):351-366.
王剑,丁俊,王成善等.2009.青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查与评价.北京:地质出版社.
王平康,祝有海,张旭辉等.2015.羌塘盆地冻土结构特征及其对天然气水合物成藏的影响.沉积与特提斯地质,35(1):57-67.
吴中海,赵希涛,吴珍汉等.2006.西藏当雄-羊八井盆地的第四纪地质与断裂活动研究.地质力学学报,12(3):305-316.
熊绍柏,刘宏兵.1997.青藏高原西部的地壳结构.科学通报,42(12):1309-1312.
袁彩萍,徐思煌.2000.西藏伦坡拉盆地地温场特征及烃源岩热演化史.石油实验地质,22(2):156-160.
赵文津,黄立言,熊嘉育.1997.喜马拉雅和青藏高原深剖面研究的进展.地球物理学报,40(S1):140-152.
赵文津,刘葵,蒋忠惕等.2004.西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带-深部地球物理结构给出的启示.地质通报,23(7):623-635.
赵文津,赵逊,蒋忠惕等.2006.西藏羌塘盆地的深部结构特征与含油气远景评价.中国地质,33(1):1-13.
赵文津,赵逊,史大年等.2002.喜马拉雅和青藏高原深剖面(INDEPTH)研究进展.地质通报,21(11):691-700.
中国地质科学院.1990.喜马拉雅岩石圈构造演化-西藏地球物理文集.北京:地质出版社.
朱元清,石耀霖.1990.剪切生热与花岗岩部分熔融---关于喜马拉雅地区逆冲断层与地壳热结构的分析.地球物理学报,33(4):408-416.
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