龙门山褶皱冲断带扩展生长过程——基于低温热年代学模型证据
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摘要
基于多封闭系统低温热年代学特征的浅部地貌构造模型重建在揭示褶皱冲断带-前陆盆地系统形成演化过程中受到越来越广泛的重视与应用。青藏高原东缘龙门山地区多封闭系统低温年代学年龄总体上具有逐渐从冲断带前缘、由SE向NW至高原内部减小趋势,且走向上由NE向SW也具微弱减小趋势;龙门山褶皱冲断带热年代学年龄变化范围明显大于高原内部,揭示出盆-山过渡带新生代加强的褶皱冲断剥蚀浅表作用。基于龙门山区域低温热年代学和褶皱冲断带-前陆盆地系统稳态冲断剥蚀热模型,揭示出青藏高原东向扩展速率约为5～10 mm/a,抬升剥蚀速率为0.4～1.0 mm/a和龙门山褶皱冲断带缩短速率为0～15 mm/a,它们与现今地质学和大地测量学特征具有较好的一致性。因此,青藏高原东缘由西向东的多封闭系统热年代学年龄特征反映出新生代稳态的高原东向扩展生长过程,即龙门山褶皱冲断带冲断扩展和浅表剥蚀作用耦合过程。
Reconstruction of shallow geomorphology and tectonics, based on the multiple closed system of low-temperature thermochronogical features, has received much attention and application in study of formation process of fold-thrust belt and foreland basin. The low-temperature thermochronogical age of the multiple closed system in the Longmenshan area, eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau generally shows a decreasing trend from the foreland of the thrusting zone to interior of the plateau, and from NE to SW. The thermochronological ages of the Longmenshan fold-and-thrust belt varies greatly, distinctly larger than that inside the plateau, revealing a shallow erosion effect of enhanced fold-thrusting in the transition zone of basin and mountain during Cenozoic. Based on low-temperature thermochronological study and erosion thermal model of fold-thrust belt and foreland basin in the Longmenshan region, the study reveals that the Qinghai-Tibet plateau expands eastward at a rate of 5～10 mm/a, with an erosion rate of 0.4～1.0 mm/a, and a shortening rate of deformation with 0～15 mm/a. These data are consistent to features of geology and geodesy. Thermochronologic age characteristics of the W-E-trending multiple closed system in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau reflect an eastward extension process of the steady plateau during the Cenozoic, i.e., the coupling process between the thrusting expansion of the Longmenshan fold-thrust belt and shallow erosion.
Reconstruction of shallow geomorphology and tectonics, based on the multiple closed system of low-temperature thermochronogical features, has received much attention and application in study of formation process of fold-thrust belt and foreland basin. The low-temperature thermochronogical age of the multiple closed system in the Longmenshan area, eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau generally shows a decreasing trend from the foreland of the thrusting zone to interior of the plateau, and from NE to SW. The thermochronological ages of the Longmenshan fold-and-thrust belt varies greatly, distinctly larger than that inside the plateau, revealing a shallow erosion effect of enhanced fold-thrusting in the transition zone of basin and mountain during Cenozoic. Based on low-temperature thermochronological study and erosion thermal model of fold-thrust belt and foreland basin in the Longmenshan region, the study reveals that the Qinghai-Tibet plateau expands eastward at a rate of 5～10 mm/a, with an erosion rate of 0.4～1.0 mm/a, and a shortening rate of deformation with 0～15 mm/a. These data are consistent to features of geology and geodesy. Thermochronologic age characteristics of the W-E-trending multiple closed system in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau reflect an eastward extension process of the steady plateau during the Cenozoic, i.e., the coupling process between the thrusting expansion of the Longmenshan fold-thrust belt and shallow erosion.
引文
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Enkelmann E,Ratschbacher L,Jonchheere R,Nestler R,Gloaguen R,Hacker B R,Zhang Yueqiao,Ma Yinsheng.2006.Cenozoic exhumation and deformation of northeastern Tibet and the Qinling:Is Tibetan lower crustal flow diverging around the Sichuan basin.Geological Society of American Bulletin,6:651～671.
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Jamieson R A,Beaumout C.2013.On the origin of orogens.GSA Bulletin,125:1671～1702.
Kirby E,Reiners P W,Krol M A,Whipple K X,Hodges K V,Farley K A,Tang Wenqing,Chen Zhiliang.2002.Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Inferences from 40Ar/39Ar and (U-Th)/He thermochronology.Tectonics,21,doi:10.1029/2000TC001246.
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