正断层的阶区构造及生长机制:以狼山山前断层带为例
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摘要
正断层带在生长过程中内部发育有阶区构造,阶区在正断层的相互作用、连接过程中起重要控制作用,同时阶区还影响地表径流和沉积盆地的发展、流体的运移和圈闭的形成。位于内蒙古河套断陷西缘的狼山山前断裂是晚新生代以来持续活动的大型正断层系统,断层带内部发育有不同类型的阶区构造。识别出了两种类型阶区的连接方式,一种是两条平行断层之间的斜坡从"软连接"到"硬连接"的演化过程;另一种是楔状阶区通过一条断层向另一条断层扩展的方式连接产生。基岩中的先存构造要素控制并影响山前正断层的展布方位及阶区的形态:基底内部NNE向糜棱面理控制山前断层带的走向,早期向SE倾斜的逆冲断层面被正断层局部利用。沿断层倾向方向,山前正断层逐渐向盆地方向扩展,最新活动的断层位于盆地边缘甚至盆地内部;沿断层走向方向,狼山山前正断层逐渐向南西侧扩展。
Relay structures are common in active normal fault zones, and play an important role in fault interaction and linkage. In addition, relay structures also affects the evolution of drainage system and the transportation of sediments into basin, the process of fluids migration and trapping. The Langshan piedmont fault, which is located in the western margin of the Hetao Depression in Inner Mongolia, is a large-scale normal fault system that has been continuously active since the late Cenozoic. There are different types of relay structures in the fault zone. Two types of relay zone have been identified: one is formed by two paralleled fault between which the rely ramp evolved from "soft link" to "hard link"; the other kind is wedge-shaped relay formed by a fault extending to another one. The pre-existing structures in basement control and affect the distribution of the normal faults as well as the morphology of the relay zone. The NNE trending mylonitic foliation within the basement controls the strike of the linked normal faults zone, with the pre-existing thrust fault plane partially utilized by normal faults. Newly formed faults migrate gradually to the basinward direction. The latest active faults are located at the margin of the basin and even within the basin. The Langshan piedmont normal fault extends southwestward gradually along the strike direction.
Relay structures are common in active normal fault zones, and play an important role in fault interaction and linkage. In addition, relay structures also affects the evolution of drainage system and the transportation of sediments into basin, the process of fluids migration and trapping. The Langshan piedmont fault, which is located in the western margin of the Hetao Depression in Inner Mongolia, is a large-scale normal fault system that has been continuously active since the late Cenozoic. There are different types of relay structures in the fault zone. Two types of relay zone have been identified: one is formed by two paralleled fault between which the rely ramp evolved from "soft link" to "hard link"; the other kind is wedge-shaped relay formed by a fault extending to another one. The pre-existing structures in basement control and affect the distribution of the normal faults as well as the morphology of the relay zone. The NNE trending mylonitic foliation within the basement controls the strike of the linked normal faults zone, with the pre-existing thrust fault plane partially utilized by normal faults. Newly formed faults migrate gradually to the basinward direction. The latest active faults are located at the margin of the basin and even within the basin. The Langshan piedmont normal fault extends southwestward gradually along the strike direction.
引文
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