脱硫石膏不同施用量对盐碱地改良安全性评价
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摘要
【目的】以新疆玛纳斯流域盐碱土壤为材料,对施用脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤进行安全性评价。【方法】通过脱硫石膏不同施用量设置:0 t/667 m~2(CK)、1 t/667 m~2(1T)、3 t/667 m~2(3T)、5 t/667 m~2(5T),4个处理,分析土壤及植株各器官中重金属累积含量。【结果】施用脱硫石膏后土壤pH显著降低,1T、3T、5T处理分别较CK降低20.4%、20.8%、21.3%,而土壤电导率、盐分均有所增加。土壤中As、Cr、Cd含量随着脱硫石膏施用量的增加而增加,但各处理土壤中几种重金属含量均符合土壤环境质量标准。油菜各器官中As、Cd、Pb含量从大到小依次为根>叶>茎,各项重金属含量也均符合国家标准。【结论】3T的处理在改良盐碱土壤方面具有投入低,见效快,且对环境未造成不良影响,适宜推广应用。
【Objective】 Based on the saline-alkali soil in the Manas Basin of Xinjiang, this project aims to carry out safety evaluation of applying desulphurized gypsum to improve saline soil. 【Method】 The accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plant organs was analyzed by four treatments: 0 t/667 m~2(CK), 1 t/667 m~2(1 T), 3 t/667 m~2(3 T), 5 t/667 m~2(5 T). 【Result】 The results showed that the soil pH decreased significantly after application of desulfurization gypsum, and the 1 T, 3 T and 5 T treatments decreased by 20.4%, 20.8% and 21.3%, respectively, while soil conductivity and salinity increased. The contents of As, Cr and Cd in the soil increased with the increase of the application amount of desulfurization gypsum, but the content of several metals in each treated soil accorded with the soil environmental quality standard. The contents of As, Cd and Pb in the organs of rapeseed were from root to leaf and stem, and the contents of heavy metals were also in line with national standards. 【Conclusion】 Among them, the treatment of 3 T has low investment in improving saline-alkali soil, quick effect, and has no adverse effect on the environment, so it is suitable for popularization and application.
【Objective】 Based on the saline-alkali soil in the Manas Basin of Xinjiang, this project aims to carry out safety evaluation of applying desulphurized gypsum to improve saline soil. 【Method】 The accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plant organs was analyzed by four treatments: 0 t/667 m~2(CK), 1 t/667 m~2(1 T), 3 t/667 m~2(3 T), 5 t/667 m~2(5 T). 【Result】 The results showed that the soil pH decreased significantly after application of desulfurization gypsum, and the 1 T, 3 T and 5 T treatments decreased by 20.4%, 20.8% and 21.3%, respectively, while soil conductivity and salinity increased. The contents of As, Cr and Cd in the soil increased with the increase of the application amount of desulfurization gypsum, but the content of several metals in each treated soil accorded with the soil environmental quality standard. The contents of As, Cd and Pb in the organs of rapeseed were from root to leaf and stem, and the contents of heavy metals were also in line with national standards. 【Conclusion】 Among them, the treatment of 3 T has low investment in improving saline-alkali soil, quick effect, and has no adverse effect on the environment, so it is suitable for popularization and application.
引文
[1]毛玉梅.烟气脱硫石膏改良围垦滩涂盐碱土研究[D].上海:华东师范大学博士学位论文,2016.MAO Yu-mei.(2016).Flue gas desulfurization gypsum improving saline-sodic soil in tidal flats [D].PhD Dissertation.East China Normal University,Shanghai.(in Chinese)
[2]王金满,杨培岭,任树梅,等.烟气脱硫副产物改良碱性土壤过程中化学指标变化规律的研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(1):98-105.WANG Jin - man,YANG Pei - ling,REN Shu - mei.et al.(2005).Variation of chemical indices of alkaline soil ameliorated with desulphurization byproducts [J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,42(1):98-105.(in Chinese)
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[16]王静,许兴,肖国举,等.脱硫石膏改良宁夏典型龟裂碱土效果及其安全性评价[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):141-147.WANG Jing,XU xing,XIAO Guo - ju,et al.(2016).Effect of typical takyr solonetzs reclamation with Flue flue gas desulphurization gypsum and its security assessment [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,32(2):141-147.(in Chinese)
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[2]王金满,杨培岭,任树梅,等.烟气脱硫副产物改良碱性土壤过程中化学指标变化规律的研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(1):98-105.WANG Jin - man,YANG Pei - ling,REN Shu - mei.et al.(2005).Variation of chemical indices of alkaline soil ameliorated with desulphurization byproducts [J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,42(1):98-105.(in Chinese)
[3]王立志,陈明昌,张强,等.脱硫石膏及改良盐碱地效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(20):241-245.WANG Li -zhi,CHEN Ming -chang,ZHANG Qiang,et al.(2011).Effects of Desulfurised Gypsum form Coal Power Station on Improvement of Saline-alkali Soil [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,27(20):241-245.
[4]潘荔,毛专建,杨帆.中国燃煤电厂脱硫石膏综合利用研究(上)[J].设备监理,2015,(4):19-21.PAN Li,MAO Zhuan-jian,YANG Fan.(2015).Research on Comprehensive Utilization of Desulfurization Gypsum in Coal-fired Power Plant (I) [J].Plant Engineering Consultants,(4):19-21.(in Chinese)
[5] Yu H,Yang P,Lin H,et al.Effects of Sodic Soil Reclamation Using Flue Gas Desulphurized Gypsum on Soil Pore Characteristics,Bulk Density,and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2014,78(4):1,201.
[6]李琛.脱硫石膏土地化利用研究进展[J].四川化工,2010,13(6):21-24.LI Chen.(2010).Research Progress in Land Use of FGD Gypsun [J].Sichuan Chemical Industry,13(6):21-24.(in Chinese)
[7]耿春女,钱华,李小平,等.脱硫石膏农业利用研究进展与展望[J].环境工程学报,2006,7(12):15-19.GENG Chun-nü,QIAN Huan,LI Xiao-ping,et al.(2006).Application of gypsums from flue gas desulfurization in agriculture[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,7(12):15-19.(in Chinese)
[8]房宸,苏德荣,端韫文,等.脱硫石膏与灌溉耦合对滨海盐碱土化学性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):59-63.FANG Chen,SU De-rong,DUAN Wen -wen,et al.(2012).Effects of Coupling of FGD Gypsum and Irrigation on Chemical Properties of Harbor Front Saline Soil [J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,26(5):59-63.(in Chinese)
[9] (2016).Research on saline-alkali soil amelioration with fgd gypsum.Resources Conservation & Recycling,121:82-92.
[10]刘娟,张凤华,李小东,等.滴灌条件下脱硫石膏对盐碱土改良效果及安全性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):87-93.LIU Juan,ZHANG Feng - hua,LI Xiao - dong,et al.(2017) Effect of flue gas desulphurization gypsum on the saline soil improvement and security under drip irrigation[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,31(11):87-93.(in Chinese)
[11]贺坤,李小平,章炫耀,等.烟气脱硫石膏对崇明滨海盐碱地理化性质及旱稻生长的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(6):1 381-1 386.HE Kun,LI Xiao - ping,ZHANG Xuan - yao,et al.(2016) Effect of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum (FGD-gypsum)on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil and Chemical Properties of Soil and Growth of Upland Rice in Chongming Coastal Saline Soils [J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,29(6):1,381-1,386.(in Chinese)
[12]王若水,康跃虎,万书勤,等.盐碱地滴灌对新疆杨生长及土壤盐分分布影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(5):1-6.WANG Ruo - shui,KANG Yue -hu,WAN Shu -qin,et al.(2012).Effect of Soil Matric Potential on Poplar Growth and Distribution of Soil Salt under Drip Irrigation in Saline-sodic Soil in Aarid Regions[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,31(5):1-6.(in Chinese)
[13]张辉,陈小华,付融冰,等.脱硫石膏对不同质地滨海盐碱土性质的改良效果[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(7):4 397-4 403.ZHANG Hui,CHEN Xiao-hua,FU Rong-bing,et al.(2017) .Effect to FGD (flue gas desulfurization) -gypsum as an improvement to different coastal saline-alkali soil [J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,11(7):4,397-4,403.(in Chinese)
[14]单娜娜,赖波,杨志莹,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘不同盐生植物种植后土壤盐分变化研究[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(12):2 314-2 320.SHAN Na-na,LAI Bo,YANG Zhi-ying,et al.(2016) .Study on Changes of Soil Salinity after Planting Halophyte in Northwest of Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,53(12):2,314-2,320.(in Chinese)
[15]张远蓉,王帅,郭宏平,等.农地土壤重金属安全性评价指标体系研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(6):1 432-1 435.ZHANG Yuan - rong,WANG Shuai,GUO Hong - ping,et al.(2009).Study on Evaluation Index System of Agricultural Soil Heavy Metal Safety [J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,40(6):1,432-1,435.(in Chinese)
[16]王静,许兴,肖国举,等.脱硫石膏改良宁夏典型龟裂碱土效果及其安全性评价[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):141-147.WANG Jing,XU xing,XIAO Guo - ju,et al.(2016).Effect of typical takyr solonetzs reclamation with Flue flue gas desulphurization gypsum and its security assessment [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,32(2):141-147.(in Chinese)
[17]刘阳春,何文寿,何进智,等.盐碱地改良利用研究进展[J].农业科学研究,2007,28(2):68-71.LIU Yang-chun,HE Wen-shou,HE Jin-zhi,et al.(2007) Progress of improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land [J].Journal of Agricultural Sciences,28(2):68-71.(in Chinese)
[18]徐旭常,陈昌和,王淑娟.西部燃煤电站开发与生态环境(上)[J].节能与环保,2003,(5):4-7.XU Xu -chang,CHEN Chang -he,WANG Shu -juan,et al.(2003).Development and ecological environment of coal-fired power stations in the west [J].Energy Saving and Environmental Protection,(5):4-7.(in Chinese)
[19]陶晓娜,刘丹,桃日尼棍,等.脱硫石膏在农业生产和土壤改良中的应用[J].北方农业学报,2018,46(3):89-92.TAO Xiao - na,LIU Dan,Taorinigun,et al.(2018).Application of desulfurization gypsum in agriculture and soil improvement [J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,46(3):89-92.(in Chinese)
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