企业文化在企业危机管理中的作用——基于雷曼兄弟的案例研究
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摘要
鉴于企业危机事件频发,本文选取雷曼兄弟为案例,使用单案例纵向研究方法,围绕雷曼兄弟发展过程中的五次重大事件,重点研究了企业文化在企业危机管理中的作用。在此基础上,本文还加入了高管态度及其行为这一维度来研究其在企业文化对企业危机发生作用时的影响。研究表明:积极的企业文化在企业危机管理中具有正向作用,并且在危机发生后能够促使企业承担社会责任;而企业文化失衡在企业危机管理中具有消极的负向作用;同时,在企业文化对企业危机发生作用的过程中,高管态度及其行为具有重要作用。
Based on the high frequency of corporate crises,this paper selects Lehman Brothers as the case object by using the single-case longitudinal research method,and focuses on the role of corporate culture in the management of five corporate crises during its development process.On this basis,this paper also adds the dimension of executive attitudes and behaviors to study its influence on the effect of corporate culture on an enterprise crisis management.The research shows that positive corporate culture plays a positive role in corporate crisis management,and it can promote enterprises to undertake social responsibilities after the crises.The imbalance of corporate culture has a negative effect on corporate crisis management.At the same time,the attitudes and behaviors of senior executives play an important role in the process of corporate culture's impact on corporate crises.
Based on the high frequency of corporate crises,this paper selects Lehman Brothers as the case object by using the single-case longitudinal research method,and focuses on the role of corporate culture in the management of five corporate crises during its development process.On this basis,this paper also adds the dimension of executive attitudes and behaviors to study its influence on the effect of corporate culture on an enterprise crisis management.The research shows that positive corporate culture plays a positive role in corporate crisis management,and it can promote enterprises to undertake social responsibilities after the crises.The imbalance of corporate culture has a negative effect on corporate crisis management.At the same time,the attitudes and behaviors of senior executives play an important role in the process of corporate culture's impact on corporate crises.
引文
[1]胡竞.论经济危机背景下企业文化的提升[J].经济研究导刊,2009(29):18-20.
[2]Snoeijers E M,Poels K.Factors that influence organizational crisis perception from an internal stakeholder's point of view[J].Public Relations Review,2018,44(1):65-74.
[3]Deverell E,Olsson E K.Organizational culture effects on strategy and adaptability in crisis management[J].Risk Management,2010,12(2):116-134.
[4]童海平.企业文化的危机管理功能[J].政工研究动态,2009(1):34-35.
[5]杨剑英.基于企业文化视角的营销危机管理研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2006.
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[8]Deal T E,Kennedy A A.Corporate cultures:The rites and rituals of corporate life[J].Business Horizons,1983,26(2):82-85.
[9]Denison D R.Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness[M].New York:Wiley&Sons,1990.
[10]Amah E,Nwuche C,Chukwuigwe N.Effective reward and incentive scheme for effective organizations[J].Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,2013,4(13):73-79.
[11]卢美月,张文贤.企业文化与组织绩效关系研究[J].南开管理评论,2006,9(6):26-30.
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[18]陈维政,忻蓉,王安逸.企业文化与领导风格的协同性实证研究[J].管理世界,2004(2):75-83.
[19]朱兵,王文平,王为东,等.企业文化、组织学习对创新绩效的影响[J].软科学,2010,24(1):65-69+74.
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[22]戴化勇,鲍升华,陈金波.中国企业文化的测量与评价[J].统计与决策,2010(17):174-176.
[23]金贤洙,彭剑锋,西楠,等.企业文化适应性与危机管理研究:以三星集团为例[J].中国人力资源开发,2017(4):122-129.
[24]Walters T N,Coombs W T.Ongoing crisis communication:Planning,managing,and responding[J].Public Relations Review,2008,34(3):315-316.
[25]Maitlis S,Sonenshein S.Sensemaking in crisis and change:Inspiration and insights from Weick[J].Journal of Management Studies,2010,47(3):551-580.
[26]Sarkar S,Osiyevskyy O.Organizational change and rigidity during crisis:A review of the paradox[J].European Management Journal,2018,36(1):47-58.
[27]宋辉.金融危机管理过程中企业文化作用的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2010.
[28]Laurence B.Crises in organization[M].2nd Ed.South-Western West:Thomson,2001.
[29]John J,Burnett A.Strategic approach to managing crisis[J].Public Relations Review,1998,24(4):457-488.
[30]Heath R.Dealing with the complete crisis—the crisis management shell structure[J].Safety Science,1998,30(1-2):139-150.
[31]Marra F J.Crisis communication plan:Poor predictors of excellent crisis public relations[J].Public Relations Review,1998,24(4):461-474.
[32]赵定涛,李蓓.企业危机管理五力模型分析[J].科技进步与对策,2005,22(4):126-127.
[33]陈伟,齐媛媛.高新技术企业管理危机预警机制研究[J].科技管理研究,2009,29(2):153-154+163.
[34]赵定涛,李蓓,扶元广.基于动态过程的企业危机管理系统[J].管理科学,2004,17(3):21-24.
[35]韩永军,杨旭丹.民营企业文化创新危机治理路径研究[J].浙江传媒学院学报,2016,23(6):128-130+158.
[36]陈扬.金融危机背景下我国企业文化的重构[J].经贸实践,2015(8):96-97.
[37]Yin R.Case study research:Design and methods[M].London:Sage Publications,2008.
[38]Eisenhardt K M.Building theories from case study research[J].Academy of Management Review,1989,14(4):532-550.
[39]Putra T.Positive culture on state owned enterprise in Indonesia[J].Journal of Academic Research in Economics.2017,9(2):282-293.
[40]陈庆修.从安然事件看企业危机管理[J].中外管理导报,2002(5):19-22.
[41]李海,张勉.企业文化是核心竞争力吗?——文化契合度对企业绩效的影响[J].中国软科学,2012(4):125-134.
[42]Liu X.Corruption culture and corporate misconduct[J].Journal of Financial Economics,2016,122(2):307-327.
[43]Qing H,Tamara D,Paul H,et al.Managing employee compliance with information security policies:The critical role of top management and organizational culture[J].Decision Sciences,2012,43(4):615-660.
[44]Ke W,Wei K K.Organizational culture and leadership in ERP implementation[J].Decision Support Systems,2008,45(2):208-218.
[45]Schein E H.Organizational culture and leadership:A dynamic view[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,1991,31(1):856-860.
[46]Sui A S,Zhang Z X,Wang H,et al.Unpacking the relationship between CEO leadership behavior and organizational culture[J].The Leadership Quarterly,2006,17(2):113-137.
[47]Hartog D N D,Muijen J J V,Koopman P L.Linking transformational leadership and organizational culture[J].Journal of Leadership&Organizational Studies,1996,3(4):68-83.
[48]Jaskyte K.Transformational leadership,organizational culture,and innovativeness in nonprofit organizations[J].Nonprofit Management&Leadership,2004,15(2):153-168.
[2]Snoeijers E M,Poels K.Factors that influence organizational crisis perception from an internal stakeholder's point of view[J].Public Relations Review,2018,44(1):65-74.
[3]Deverell E,Olsson E K.Organizational culture effects on strategy and adaptability in crisis management[J].Risk Management,2010,12(2):116-134.
[4]童海平.企业文化的危机管理功能[J].政工研究动态,2009(1):34-35.
[5]杨剑英.基于企业文化视角的营销危机管理研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2006.
[6]Ouchi W,Horizons B,Dalton C M.Theory Z:How American business can meet the Japanese challenge[J].Business Horizons,1981,24(6):82-83.
[7]Peters T J,Waterman R H.In search of excellence:Lessons from America's best-run companies[M].New York:Random House,1982.
[8]Deal T E,Kennedy A A.Corporate cultures:The rites and rituals of corporate life[J].Business Horizons,1983,26(2):82-85.
[9]Denison D R.Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness[M].New York:Wiley&Sons,1990.
[10]Amah E,Nwuche C,Chukwuigwe N.Effective reward and incentive scheme for effective organizations[J].Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,2013,4(13):73-79.
[11]卢美月,张文贤.企业文化与组织绩效关系研究[J].南开管理评论,2006,9(6):26-30.
[12]Daft R L.Management[M].South-Western West:Thomson,2003.
[13]Hermalin B E.Economics and corporate culture[M].New York:Wiley&Sons,2001.
[14]Kotter J P,Heskett J L.Corporate culture and performance[M].New York:Free Press,1992.
[15]张勉,李海,魏钧.企业文化与企业绩效的关系研究——一致性和均衡性的观点[J].中国工商管理研究前沿,2008,28(2):140-148.
[16]靳小翠.企业文化会影响企业社会责任吗?——来自中国沪市上市公司的经验证据[J].会计研究,2017(2):56-62.
[17]吴秋生,刘沛.企业文化对内部控制有效性影响的实证研究——基于丹尼森企业文化模型的问卷调查[J].经济问题,2015(7):106-114.
[18]陈维政,忻蓉,王安逸.企业文化与领导风格的协同性实证研究[J].管理世界,2004(2):75-83.
[19]朱兵,王文平,王为东,等.企业文化、组织学习对创新绩效的影响[J].软科学,2010,24(1):65-69+74.
[20]Hofstede G.Cultures and organizations:Software of the mind[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1997.
[21]常亚平,郑宇,阎俊,等.中国企业文化测量体系的构建研究[J].预测,2009,28(4):76-80.
[22]戴化勇,鲍升华,陈金波.中国企业文化的测量与评价[J].统计与决策,2010(17):174-176.
[23]金贤洙,彭剑锋,西楠,等.企业文化适应性与危机管理研究:以三星集团为例[J].中国人力资源开发,2017(4):122-129.
[24]Walters T N,Coombs W T.Ongoing crisis communication:Planning,managing,and responding[J].Public Relations Review,2008,34(3):315-316.
[25]Maitlis S,Sonenshein S.Sensemaking in crisis and change:Inspiration and insights from Weick[J].Journal of Management Studies,2010,47(3):551-580.
[26]Sarkar S,Osiyevskyy O.Organizational change and rigidity during crisis:A review of the paradox[J].European Management Journal,2018,36(1):47-58.
[27]宋辉.金融危机管理过程中企业文化作用的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2010.
[28]Laurence B.Crises in organization[M].2nd Ed.South-Western West:Thomson,2001.
[29]John J,Burnett A.Strategic approach to managing crisis[J].Public Relations Review,1998,24(4):457-488.
[30]Heath R.Dealing with the complete crisis—the crisis management shell structure[J].Safety Science,1998,30(1-2):139-150.
[31]Marra F J.Crisis communication plan:Poor predictors of excellent crisis public relations[J].Public Relations Review,1998,24(4):461-474.
[32]赵定涛,李蓓.企业危机管理五力模型分析[J].科技进步与对策,2005,22(4):126-127.
[33]陈伟,齐媛媛.高新技术企业管理危机预警机制研究[J].科技管理研究,2009,29(2):153-154+163.
[34]赵定涛,李蓓,扶元广.基于动态过程的企业危机管理系统[J].管理科学,2004,17(3):21-24.
[35]韩永军,杨旭丹.民营企业文化创新危机治理路径研究[J].浙江传媒学院学报,2016,23(6):128-130+158.
[36]陈扬.金融危机背景下我国企业文化的重构[J].经贸实践,2015(8):96-97.
[37]Yin R.Case study research:Design and methods[M].London:Sage Publications,2008.
[38]Eisenhardt K M.Building theories from case study research[J].Academy of Management Review,1989,14(4):532-550.
[39]Putra T.Positive culture on state owned enterprise in Indonesia[J].Journal of Academic Research in Economics.2017,9(2):282-293.
[40]陈庆修.从安然事件看企业危机管理[J].中外管理导报,2002(5):19-22.
[41]李海,张勉.企业文化是核心竞争力吗?——文化契合度对企业绩效的影响[J].中国软科学,2012(4):125-134.
[42]Liu X.Corruption culture and corporate misconduct[J].Journal of Financial Economics,2016,122(2):307-327.
[43]Qing H,Tamara D,Paul H,et al.Managing employee compliance with information security policies:The critical role of top management and organizational culture[J].Decision Sciences,2012,43(4):615-660.
[44]Ke W,Wei K K.Organizational culture and leadership in ERP implementation[J].Decision Support Systems,2008,45(2):208-218.
[45]Schein E H.Organizational culture and leadership:A dynamic view[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,1991,31(1):856-860.
[46]Sui A S,Zhang Z X,Wang H,et al.Unpacking the relationship between CEO leadership behavior and organizational culture[J].The Leadership Quarterly,2006,17(2):113-137.
[47]Hartog D N D,Muijen J J V,Koopman P L.Linking transformational leadership and organizational culture[J].Journal of Leadership&Organizational Studies,1996,3(4):68-83.
[48]Jaskyte K.Transformational leadership,organizational culture,and innovativeness in nonprofit organizations[J].Nonprofit Management&Leadership,2004,15(2):153-168.
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