黄精属植物抗糖尿病本草学、物质基础及其作用机制研究进展
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摘要
黄精属(Polygonatum)隶属于百合科(Liliaceae),多数植物为"药食同源"类中药材,多具有养阴润燥、生津止渴等功效,民间常用于治疗"口干食少、内热消渴"等证,临床广泛用于糖尿病、高血脂及肿瘤康复。随着黄精属基础研究不断深入及产业化开发的发展,其防治糖尿病的效应成分群与作用机制不断被揭示。该文通过梳理古代本草及现代文献,对黄精属植物抗糖尿病的本草学、物质基础及其作用机制的研究进行综述,结果表明黄精属在古代本草文献和现代研究中的相关证据支持其用于糖尿病的治疗,其物质基础主要为多糖、黄酮和皂苷类成分。其中,多糖类成分是其降血糖的主要化学成分,其在抗糖尿病领域具有巨大的开发潜力。虽然目前已有学者对黄精属植物抗糖尿病药效和物质基础开展了相关研究,但缺乏系统性,且药效、作用机制、代谢途径等尚不清楚。因此,进一步加强黄精属植物相关研究,特别是从中筛选出显著的活性物质,并对其物质基础、药效学和作用机制开展研究,将对抗糖尿病药物的研发和黄精属植物的开发利用具有重要的现实意义。
Genus Polygonatum,belonging to the Liliaceae family,is mostly medicine food homology species,which have been documented as treating " dry mouth,less food,and internal heat and thirst" in medical ancient books. In traditional Chinese medicine clinic, it was used to treat diabetes, hyperlipemia and asa rehabilitation therapy of cancer. With deepening the basic research and industrial development of this genus,the bioactive component groups and their action mechanisms of prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetic complication continue to be revealed. By consulting ancient Chinese herbal medicine and modern literature,the research on the herbology,material basis and mechanism of the genus Polygonatum were reviewed. The result indicated that the plants of Polygonatum were used for the treatment of diabetes,based on the ancient herbal literature and modern research,the polysaccharides,flavonoids and saponins were their active ingredients. Among them,the significant chemical constituents of decreasing blood glucose were Polygonatum polysaccharides,and the flavonoids and saponins also have this function. Although some scholars have studied the anti-diabetic efficacy and material basis of genus of Polygonatum,the pharmacodynamics,mechanism and metabolic pathways are not clear. Therefore,further strengthening of the related research of genus of Polygonatum,especially use of modern scientific and technological research to clarify the material basis of its efficacy,and mechanisms,are crucial to accelerate the modernization and development of anti-diabetic drugs and utilization of genus of Polygonatum.
Genus Polygonatum,belonging to the Liliaceae family,is mostly medicine food homology species,which have been documented as treating " dry mouth,less food,and internal heat and thirst" in medical ancient books. In traditional Chinese medicine clinic, it was used to treat diabetes, hyperlipemia and asa rehabilitation therapy of cancer. With deepening the basic research and industrial development of this genus,the bioactive component groups and their action mechanisms of prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetic complication continue to be revealed. By consulting ancient Chinese herbal medicine and modern literature,the research on the herbology,material basis and mechanism of the genus Polygonatum were reviewed. The result indicated that the plants of Polygonatum were used for the treatment of diabetes,based on the ancient herbal literature and modern research,the polysaccharides,flavonoids and saponins were their active ingredients. Among them,the significant chemical constituents of decreasing blood glucose were Polygonatum polysaccharides,and the flavonoids and saponins also have this function. Although some scholars have studied the anti-diabetic efficacy and material basis of genus of Polygonatum,the pharmacodynamics,mechanism and metabolic pathways are not clear. Therefore,further strengthening of the related research of genus of Polygonatum,especially use of modern scientific and technological research to clarify the material basis of its efficacy,and mechanisms,are crucial to accelerate the modernization and development of anti-diabetic drugs and utilization of genus of Polygonatum.
引文
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[2]代荣,刘如明,肖建辉.菌类中药多糖降血糖效应机制研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(2):174-179.
[3]刘京晶,斯金平.黄精本草考证与启迪[J].中国中药杂志,2018,43(3):631-636.
[4]漆宇珊,胡一鸿,金晨钟,等.玉竹多糖对高脂膳食小鼠糖脂代谢调节作用的研究[J].湖南农业科学,2016(11):27-30.
[5]张洁,马百平,杨云,等.黄精属植物甾体皂苷类成分及药理活性研究进展[J].中国药学杂志,2006,41(5):330-332.
[6]汪娟,梁爽,陈应鹏,等.黄精属植物非皂苷类化学成分研究进展[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2016,18(1):74-78.
[7]陶爱恩,张晓灿,杜泽飞,等.黄精属植物中黄酮类化合物及其药理活性研究进展[J].中草药,2018,49(9):2163-2171.
[8]LU J M,WANG Y F,YAN H L,et al.Antidiabetic effect of total saponins from Polygonatum kingianum in streptozotocin-induced daibetic rats[J].JEthnopharmacol,2016,179:291-300.
[9]WANG Y,QIN S,PENG,et al.Potential ocular protection and dynamic observation of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against streptozocin-induced diabetic rats'model[J].Exp Biol Med,2016,242(1):92-101.
[10]DONG W,SHI H B,MA H,et al.Homoisoflavanones from Polygonatum odoratum rhizomes inhibit advanced glycation end product formation[J].Arch Pharm Res,2010,33(5):669-674.
[11]ZHANG H,YANG F,QI J,et al.Homoisoflavonoids from the fibrous roots of Polygonatum odoratum with glucose uptake-stimulatory activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[J].JNat Prod Med,2010,73(4):548-552.
[12]徐锦龙,陈武,段宝忠.黄精中药制剂治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的Meta分析[J].中华中医药学刊,2017,35(7):1698-1701.
[13]YAN H,LU J,WANG Y,et al.Intake of total saponins and polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum affects the gut microbiota in diabetic rats[J].Phytomedicine,2017,15(26):45-54.
[14]Ko J H,Kwon H S,Yoon J M,et al.Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome ethanol extract in highfat diet-fed mice[J].Pharmaceut Biol,2015,53(4):563-570.
[15]YANG J X,WU S,HUANG X L,et al.Hypolipidemic activity and antiatherosclerotic effect of polysaccharide of Polygonatum sibiricum in rabbit model and related cellular mechanisms[J].Evidence-based Complem Alternat Med,2015,2015:1-6.
[16]Chiang N N,HONG C C,Chang S S,et al.Hypolipidemic activity of Polygonatum alte-lobatum Hayata extract in hamsters with hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet[J].Life Sci J,2013,2(10):939-942.
[17]Lee J E,Kim E J,Kim M H,et al.Polygonatum stenophyllum improves menopausal obesity via regulation of lipolysis-related enzymes[J].J Nat Med,2016,70(4):789-796.
[18]龚莉,向大雄,隋艳华.黄精心血管活性部位的筛选[J].中药新药与临床药理,2007,18(4):301-302,331.
[19]WANG Y,QIN S C,PENG Q,et al.Potential ocular protection and dynamic observation of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against streptozocin-induced diabetic rats'model[J].Exp Biol Med,2017,1(242):92-101.
[20]SHU X S,LV J H,TAO J,et al.Antihyperglycemic effects of total flavonoids from Polygonatum odoratum in STZ and alloxan-induced diabetic rats[J].JEthnopharmacol,2009,124(3):539-543.
[21]LIN H R.Two homoisoflavonoids act as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists[J].Med Chem Res,2015,24(7):2898-2905.
[22]赵容,许亮,谢明,等.中药玉竹的本草考证[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(15):227-234.
[23]贾敏如,张艺.中国民族药辞典[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2016.
[24]陈辉,冯珊珊,郑晓珂,等.3种药用黄精的化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J].中草药,2015,46(15):2329-2338.
[25]李友元,邓洪波,张萍,等.黄精多糖对糖尿病模型小鼠糖代谢的影响[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(27):90-91.
[26]公惠玲,李卫平,尹艳艳,等.黄精多糖对链脲菌素糖尿病大鼠降血糖作用及其机制探讨[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(9):1149-1154.
[27]王世伟,徐宁.玉竹多糖对糖尿病大鼠降糖作用及机制研究[J].辽宁中医杂志,2017,44(8):1739-1741.
[28]贾璐,石洁,段志倩,等.黄精多糖对高脂饲料诱发糖尿病小鼠糖代谢功能的影响[J].中国医药导报,2017,14(8):24-28.
[29]高英,叶小利,李学刚,等.黄精多糖的提取及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用[J].中成药,2010,32(12):2133-2137.
[30]江贤敏.多花黄精中促GLP-1分泌活性多糖的筛选与结构分析[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2017.
[31]陈婷婷.黄精多糖对糖尿病大鼠心肌炎症的影响[D].锦州:锦州医科大学,2016.
[32]张忠英.黄精多糖对Ⅰ型糖尿病大鼠心肌纤维化的影响及机制研究[D].锦州:锦州医科大学,2016.
[33]付婷婷,王国贤,陈婷婷,等.黄精多糖对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的保护作用[J].中药药理与临床,2015,31(4):123-126.
[34]徐茂红.黄精多糖对实验性糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用研究[D].合肥:安徽医科大学,2009.
[35]王红玲,张渝侯,洪艳,等.黄精多糖对小鼠血糖水平的影响及机理初探[J].儿科药学杂志,2002,8(1):14-15.
[36]王艳芳.滇黄精多糖改善大鼠脂代谢紊乱的作用研究[D].昆明:云南中医学院,2017.
[37]王坤,岳永德,汤锋,等.多花黄精多糖的分级提取及结构初步分析[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014,26(3):364-369.
[38]王聪.多花黄精多糖提取分离、分子量测定及其粗多糖的初步药效研究[D].成都:成都中医药大学,2012.
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