1800MHz电磁辐射对大鼠听性脑干反应及海马超微结构的影响
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摘要
目的研究1800MHz手机电磁辐射(EMR)对SD大鼠听阈及海马超微结构的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、假辐射组、慢性及急性辐射组。慢性辐射组暴露于手机辐射源中每天1小时,连续48天;急性辐射组暴露于手机辐射源中连续48小时。辐射后听性脑干反应(ABR)检测听力阈值;ELISA检测活性氧簇(ROS)含量;透射电镜(TEM)了解海马CA3区组织超微结构改变。结果辐射后ABR无明显改变(P>0.05);ROS含量在急性辐射组中升高(P<0.05);TEM发现辐射暴露组海马CA3区出现超微结构改变。结论 1800MHz电磁辐射不影响大鼠ABR阈值,但可导致ROS含量升高及海马CA3区超微结构的损伤。
Objective To study the effect of electromagnetic radiation(EMR) from 1800 MHz mobile phones on hearing thresholds and hippocampal ultrastructures in SD rats. Methods SD rats were randomly assigned to receive sham radiofrequency EMR exposure, chronic and acute radiofrequency EMR exposure or as controls. Chronic radiation involved exposure to mobile phone radiation field at 1 hour/day for 48 days; while acute radiation involved exposure to the same EMR for 48 hours. Auditory brainstem responses(ABRs) were used to determine auditory threshold changes after exposure. ELISA was used to test Reactive oxygen species(ROS) content and utlrasturcture of hippocampus CA3 tissue was examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Results There was no significant change in ABRs after exposure(P>0.05), although there was an increase in ROS content in the acute exposure group(P<0.05) and cellular ultrastructure damages in hippocampus CA3 region could be found in all exposure groups. Conclusion EMR at 1800 MHz does not affect ABR thresholds, but can increase ROS content and damage ultrastructures in hippocampus CA3 region.
Objective To study the effect of electromagnetic radiation(EMR) from 1800 MHz mobile phones on hearing thresholds and hippocampal ultrastructures in SD rats. Methods SD rats were randomly assigned to receive sham radiofrequency EMR exposure, chronic and acute radiofrequency EMR exposure or as controls. Chronic radiation involved exposure to mobile phone radiation field at 1 hour/day for 48 days; while acute radiation involved exposure to the same EMR for 48 hours. Auditory brainstem responses(ABRs) were used to determine auditory threshold changes after exposure. ELISA was used to test Reactive oxygen species(ROS) content and utlrasturcture of hippocampus CA3 tissue was examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Results There was no significant change in ABRs after exposure(P>0.05), although there was an increase in ROS content in the acute exposure group(P<0.05) and cellular ultrastructure damages in hippocampus CA3 region could be found in all exposure groups. Conclusion EMR at 1800 MHz does not affect ABR thresholds, but can increase ROS content and damage ultrastructures in hippocampus CA3 region.
引文
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21 Zou J,Zhang Y,Pyykk?I,et al.An Animal Model of Sudden Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Vestibular Function Disturbances Induced By Mitochondrial Toxin[J].Journal of Otology,2006,1(2):86-93.
22 Motawi TK,Darwish HA,Moustafa YM,et al.Biochemical Modifications and Neuronal Damage in Brain of Young and Adult Rats After Long-Term Exposure to Mobile Phone Radiations[J].Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics,2014,70(2):845-855.
23陈立伟,于宁,翟所强.氧化应激反应与噪声性耳聋[J].中华耳科学杂志.2014,12(1):155-157.Chen LW,Yu N,Zhai SQ.Oxidative stress response and noise deafness[J].Chinese Journal of Otology,2014,12(1):155-157.
24 Liu KJ,Zhang GW,Wang Z,et al.The protective effect of autophagy on mouse spermatocyte derived cells exposure to1800MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation[J].Toxicology Letters,2014,228(3):216-224.
25 Gu X,Lin C,Zhang R.A study of gentamicin injury mechanisms using cultured mouse cochlear spiral ganglion cells[J].Journal of Otology,2011,6(1):31-35.
26 Galloni P,Lovisolo GA,Mancini S,et al.Effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic fields exposure on cochlear cells'functionality in rats:evaluation of distortion product otoacoustic emissions[J].Bioelectromagnetics,2005,26(7):536-547.
27 Mora R,Crippa B,Mora F,et al.A study of the effects of cellular telephone microwave radiation on the auditory system in healthy men[J].Ear,nose&throat journal,2006,85(3):160-163.
28 Gupta N,Goyal D,Sharma R,et al.Effect of Prolonged Use of Mobile Phone on Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials[J].Journal of Clinical&Diagnostic Research Jcdr,2015,9(5):CC07-CC09.
29 Kayabasoglu G,Sezen OS,Eraslan G,et al.Effect of chronic exposure to cellular telephone electromagnetic fields on hearing in rats[J].The Journal of Laryngology&Otology,2011,125(4):348-353.
30 Mugunthan N,Shanmugasamy K,Anbalagan J,et al.Effects of Long Term Exposure of 900-1800 MHz Radiation Emitted from 2G Mobile Phone on Mice Hippocampus-A Histomorphometric Study[J].Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research,2016,10(8):AF01-AF06.
31 Kim JH,Yu DH,Huh YH,et al.Long-term exposure to 835MHz RF-EMF induces hyperactivity,autophagy and demyelination in the cortical neurons of mice[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:41129.
32 SAhin A,Aslan A,Bas?O,et al.Deleterious impacts of a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on hippocampal pyramidal neurons of 8-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats[J].Brain Research,2015,1624:232-238.
33 Ammari M,Lecomte A,Sakly M,et al.Exposure to GSM 900MHz electromagnetic fields affects cerebral cytochrome C oxidase activity[J].Toxicology,2008,250(1):70-74.
34 Tang J,Zhang Y,Yang LM,et al.Exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields activates the mkp-1/ERK pathway and causes blood-brain barrier damage and cognitive impairment in rats[J].Brain Research,2015,1601:92-101.
2 Russell CL.5 G wireless telecommunications expansion:Public health and environmental implications[J].Environmental Research,2018:S0013935118300161.
3 Vecchia P.Exposure of humans to electromagnetic fields.Standards and regulations[J].Ann Ist Super Sanita,2007,43(3):260-267.
4 Amelchenko EM,Osokin AA,Zworikina SV,et al.Statistic Parametric Mapping of Changes in Gene Activity in Animal Brain during Acoustic Stimulation[J].Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine,2013,154(5):697-700.
5 Sakurai Y.Hippocampal and neocortical cell assemblies encode memory processes for different types of stimuli in the rat[J].The Journal of Neuroscience,1996,16(8):2809-2819.
6 Moxon KA,Gerhardt GA,Bickford PC,et al.Multiple single units and population responses during inhibitory gating of hippocampal auditory response in freely-moving rats[J].Brain Research,1999,825(1-2):75-85.
7 Adams JA,Galloway TS,Mondal D,et al.Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Environment International,2014,70:106-112.
8 Yahyazadeh A,Deniz?G,Kaplan AA,et al.The genomic effects of cell phone exposure on the reproductive system[J].Environmental Research,2018,167:684-693.
9 Kü?er N,Pamukcu T.Self-reported symptoms associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields:a questionnaire study[J].Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine,2014,33(1):15-17.
10 Bortkiewicz A,Gadzicka E,Szymczak W.Mobile phone use and risk for intracranial tumors and salivary gland tumors-A meta-analysis[J].International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health,2017,30(1):27-43.
11 Yang M,Guo WW,Yang CS,et al.Mobile phone use and glioma risk:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Plos One,2017,12(5):e0175136.
12 Hardell L,Carlberg M,Mild KH.Use of mobile phones and cordless phones is associated with increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma[J].Pathophysiology,2013,20(2):85-110.
13 Maskey D,Kim HG,Suh MW,et al.Alteration of glycine receptor immunoreactivity in the auditory brainstem of mice following three months of exposure to radiofrequency radiation at SAR 4.0W/kg[J].International Journal of Molecular Medicine,2014,34(2):409-419.
14 Kaprana AE,Karatzanis AD,Prokopakis EP,et al.Studying the effects of mobile phone use on the auditory system and the central nervous system:a review of the literature and future directions[J].European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology,2008,265(9):1011-1019.
15 Zuo WQ,Hu YJ,Yang Y,et al.Sensitivity of spiral ganglion neurons to damage caused by mobile phone electromagnetic radiation will increase in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro model[J].Journal of Neuroinflammation,2015,12(1):1-13.
16 Leeuwen GM,Lagendi JJ,Leersum BJ,et al.Calculation of change in brain temperatures due to exposure to a mobile phone[J].Physics in medicine and biology,1999,44(10):2367-2379.
17 Liu C,Duan WX,Xu SC,et al.Exposure to 1800MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation induces oxidative DNAbase damage in a mouse spermatocyte-derived cell line[J].Toxicology Letters,2013,218(1):2-9.
18 Friedman J,Kraus S,Hauptman Y,et al.Mechanism of short-term ERK activation by electromagnetic fields at mobile phone frequencies[J].Biochemical Journal,2007,405(3):559-568.
19 Challis LJ.Mechanisms for interaction between RF fields and biological tissue[J].Bioelectromagnetics Supplement,2005,26(S7):S98-S106.
20 Kiray A,Tayefi H,Kiray M,et al.The effects of exposure to electromagnetic field on rat myocardium[J].Toxicology and Industrial Health,2013,29(5):418-425.
21 Zou J,Zhang Y,Pyykk?I,et al.An Animal Model of Sudden Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Vestibular Function Disturbances Induced By Mitochondrial Toxin[J].Journal of Otology,2006,1(2):86-93.
22 Motawi TK,Darwish HA,Moustafa YM,et al.Biochemical Modifications and Neuronal Damage in Brain of Young and Adult Rats After Long-Term Exposure to Mobile Phone Radiations[J].Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics,2014,70(2):845-855.
23陈立伟,于宁,翟所强.氧化应激反应与噪声性耳聋[J].中华耳科学杂志.2014,12(1):155-157.Chen LW,Yu N,Zhai SQ.Oxidative stress response and noise deafness[J].Chinese Journal of Otology,2014,12(1):155-157.
24 Liu KJ,Zhang GW,Wang Z,et al.The protective effect of autophagy on mouse spermatocyte derived cells exposure to1800MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation[J].Toxicology Letters,2014,228(3):216-224.
25 Gu X,Lin C,Zhang R.A study of gentamicin injury mechanisms using cultured mouse cochlear spiral ganglion cells[J].Journal of Otology,2011,6(1):31-35.
26 Galloni P,Lovisolo GA,Mancini S,et al.Effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic fields exposure on cochlear cells'functionality in rats:evaluation of distortion product otoacoustic emissions[J].Bioelectromagnetics,2005,26(7):536-547.
27 Mora R,Crippa B,Mora F,et al.A study of the effects of cellular telephone microwave radiation on the auditory system in healthy men[J].Ear,nose&throat journal,2006,85(3):160-163.
28 Gupta N,Goyal D,Sharma R,et al.Effect of Prolonged Use of Mobile Phone on Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials[J].Journal of Clinical&Diagnostic Research Jcdr,2015,9(5):CC07-CC09.
29 Kayabasoglu G,Sezen OS,Eraslan G,et al.Effect of chronic exposure to cellular telephone electromagnetic fields on hearing in rats[J].The Journal of Laryngology&Otology,2011,125(4):348-353.
30 Mugunthan N,Shanmugasamy K,Anbalagan J,et al.Effects of Long Term Exposure of 900-1800 MHz Radiation Emitted from 2G Mobile Phone on Mice Hippocampus-A Histomorphometric Study[J].Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research,2016,10(8):AF01-AF06.
31 Kim JH,Yu DH,Huh YH,et al.Long-term exposure to 835MHz RF-EMF induces hyperactivity,autophagy and demyelination in the cortical neurons of mice[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:41129.
32 SAhin A,Aslan A,Bas?O,et al.Deleterious impacts of a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on hippocampal pyramidal neurons of 8-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats[J].Brain Research,2015,1624:232-238.
33 Ammari M,Lecomte A,Sakly M,et al.Exposure to GSM 900MHz electromagnetic fields affects cerebral cytochrome C oxidase activity[J].Toxicology,2008,250(1):70-74.
34 Tang J,Zhang Y,Yang LM,et al.Exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields activates the mkp-1/ERK pathway and causes blood-brain barrier damage and cognitive impairment in rats[J].Brain Research,2015,1601:92-101.
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