保水剂用量对贵州旱作覆膜马铃薯生长及土壤肥力的影响
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摘要
【目的】为探明保水剂(SAP)对贵州高海拔地区马铃薯生长的影响,为贵州马铃薯高产栽培、水肥高效施用技术提供参考。【方法】以马铃薯威芋5号为材料,通过田间试验研究5个保水剂用量(0、37.5、52.5、67.5和82.5 kg/hm~2)对贵州覆膜栽培马铃薯产量、结薯性状、养分与品质以及土壤肥力的影响。【结果】施用保水剂马铃薯出苗率最高可达93.37%,且较对照(不施用保水剂)相比,产量提高7.96%～13.37%,单株结薯数提高6.81%～45.45%,单株产量提高34.92%～83.31%;显著提高马铃薯淀粉含量2.49～5.35百分点,但对马铃薯块茎中氮、磷、钾、水分和还原糖含量无明显影响。从土壤养分变化看,与对照相比,施用保水剂能使土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、速效钾含量分别增加4.61%～27.01%、0%～19.01%、7.83%～15.65%、5.73%～22.49%和5.08%～25.42%。【结论】在贵州高海地区覆膜栽培马铃薯,推荐施用保水剂52.5～82.5 kg/hm~2,有利于高产及提高土壤肥力。
【Objectives】The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of water retention agent(SAP) on potato growth in high altitude area of Guizhou, and to provide references for high-yielding cultivation of potatoes and efficient application of water and fertilizer in Guizhou. 【Methods】A field experiment including water retention agent dosage is done.This research takes the ‘Taro 5' as the experimental material, five water retention agent dosages(0, 37.5, 52.5, 67.5, and 82.5 kg/hm~2) is arranged to study the effect of SPA on the yield, potato character, nutrient quality and soil fertility of potato, to determine the appropriate amount of water retention agent in this area. 【Results】The results showed that the potato seedling rate after applying the water retention agent was up to 93.37 %, the yield increased by 7.96 %-13.37 % compared with T_1 treatment, and the yield of single plant was 6.81 %-45.45 %,and the yield of single plant increased by 34.92 %-83.31 %. Application of super absorbent polymers could significantly improve the potato starch content by 2.49-5.35 percentage compared with T_1 treatment, but the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, moisture content and reducing sugar content had no obvious effect. In terms of soil nutrient changes, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 4.61 %-27.01 %, 0-19.01 %, 7.83 %-15.65 %, 5.73 %-22.49 % and 5.08 %-25.42 % respectively compared with T_1 treatment. 【Conclusions】The recommended application of water-retaining agent 52.5-82.5 kg/hm~2 was beneficial to high yield and soil fertility of potato in the high altitude area of Guizhou.
【Objectives】The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of water retention agent(SAP) on potato growth in high altitude area of Guizhou, and to provide references for high-yielding cultivation of potatoes and efficient application of water and fertilizer in Guizhou. 【Methods】A field experiment including water retention agent dosage is done.This research takes the ‘Taro 5' as the experimental material, five water retention agent dosages(0, 37.5, 52.5, 67.5, and 82.5 kg/hm~2) is arranged to study the effect of SPA on the yield, potato character, nutrient quality and soil fertility of potato, to determine the appropriate amount of water retention agent in this area. 【Results】The results showed that the potato seedling rate after applying the water retention agent was up to 93.37 %, the yield increased by 7.96 %-13.37 % compared with T_1 treatment, and the yield of single plant was 6.81 %-45.45 %,and the yield of single plant increased by 34.92 %-83.31 %. Application of super absorbent polymers could significantly improve the potato starch content by 2.49-5.35 percentage compared with T_1 treatment, but the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, moisture content and reducing sugar content had no obvious effect. In terms of soil nutrient changes, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 4.61 %-27.01 %, 0-19.01 %, 7.83 %-15.65 %, 5.73 %-22.49 % and 5.08 %-25.42 % respectively compared with T_1 treatment. 【Conclusions】The recommended application of water-retaining agent 52.5-82.5 kg/hm~2 was beneficial to high yield and soil fertility of potato in the high altitude area of Guizhou.
引文
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[14]杜太生.保水剂在节水灌溉中的应用及其对作物生长和水分利用的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2001.
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[17]于茜,姜小堂,盛伟,等.保水剂对生菜穴盘育苗的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2016,13(2):26-28.
[18]彭菊,王文华,林焕新.施用不同用量保水剂对烟草农艺性状、产量及品质的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2014,21(2):4-6.
[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[3]赵元霞,贾立国,樊明寿.保水剂在马铃薯种植上的应用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(3):61-65.
[4]池再香,李贵琼,白慧,等.干季贵州省东西部区域干湿状况差异分析[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(3):361-367.
[5]黄占斌,万会娥,邓西平,等.保水剂在改良土壤和作物抗旱节水中的效应[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(4):52-55.
[6]谭桂莲.施用保水剂对燕麦产量与品质的影响试验总结[J].现代农业,2015,10(2):30-31.
[7]吕美琴.施用保水剂对秋植大豆生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(12):57-61.
[8]侯贤清,李荣,何文寿,等.2种保水剂对旱作土壤物理性状及马铃薯产量的影响比较[J].核农学报,2015,29(12):2410-2417.
[9]陈芳泉,邵惠芳,贾国涛,等.保水剂对烟草光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(5):157-163.
[10]包开花,蒙美莲,陈有君,等.覆膜方式和保水剂对旱作马铃薯土壤水热效应及出苗的影响[J].作物杂志,2015(4):102-108.
[11]李健玲.多功能保水剂对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率(WUE)影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[12]张扬,赵世伟,梁向锋,等.保水剂对宁南山区马铃薯产量及土壤水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):27-32.
[13]穆俊祥,曹兴明,刘拴成.保水剂和氮肥配施对马铃薯生长和水肥利用的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(9):35-40.
[14]杜太生.保水剂在节水灌溉中的应用及其对作物生长和水分利用的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2001.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[16]高俊风.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[17]于茜,姜小堂,盛伟,等.保水剂对生菜穴盘育苗的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2016,13(2):26-28.
[18]彭菊,王文华,林焕新.施用不同用量保水剂对烟草农艺性状、产量及品质的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2014,21(2):4-6.
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