添加复方中草药对育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血液指标的影响
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摘要
本研究旨在探讨中草药复方添加剂对育肥猪生长性能、营养物质消化率和血液指标的影响。选择130日龄左右、平均体重为(56.21±1.76) kg的健康育肥期杜×大×长三元杂交猪192头,按体重相近、公母比例相同原则,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复12头,4组中日粮中复方中草药的添加水平分别为0(对照组)、650、1 000和1 500 mg/kg。试验期37 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期30 d。测定育肥猪试验期间生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血液生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标。结果表明:①与对照组相比,650 mg/kg复方中草药组可在一定程度上提高育肥猪平均日增重,并降低料重比;②日粮中添加650、1 500 mg/kg复方中草药后,粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各组间中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)表观消化率均无显著差异(P>0.05);③日粮中添加650 mg/kg复方中草药显著提高了育肥猪血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),同时显著降低了血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平、丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05);④日粮中添加复方中草药对机体免疫指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上,日粮中添加650 mg/kg复方中草药对育肥猪生长性能和养分表观消化率具有一定的积极作用,可改善育肥猪血液生化指标,降低血清中MDA含量,提高GSH-Px活性。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine supplements on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and blood parameters of finishing pigs.The 192 healthy and DYL crossbred finishing pigs with(56.21±1.76) kg body weight of 130 days old were selected and divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 heads per replicate according to the principle of similar body weight and the same proportion of males and females.The levels of compound Chinese herbal medicine in the diets of 4 groups were 0(control group),650,1 000 and 1 500 mg/kg,respectively.The trial was divided into pre-feeding period(7 d) and formal period(30 d),and growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,biochemical indexes,antioxidant indexes and immune indexes in blood of finishing pigs were determined.The results showed that:①Compared with the control group,the 650 mg/kg group could increase the average daily gain and decrease the F/G to some extent(P>0.05).②After adding 650 and 1 500 mg/kg of compound Chinese herbal medicine to the diet,the apparent digestibility of CP was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the apparent digestibility of NDF,ADF,Ca,P did not show difference among the groups(P>0.05).③The addition of 650 mg/kg compound Chinese herbal medicine in the diet significantly increased the serum HDL-C level and GSH-Px activity of finishing pigs(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the serum LDL-C level and MDA content(P<0.05).④The addition of compound Chinese herbal medicine to the diet had no significant effect on the body's immune indexes(P>0.05).In summary,the addition of 650 mg/kg compound Chinese herbal medicine to the diet had a positive effect on the growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of finishing pigs,which could improve the blood biochemical indexes of finishing pigs,reduce the content of serum MDA and increase the GSH-Px activity.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine supplements on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and blood parameters of finishing pigs.The 192 healthy and DYL crossbred finishing pigs with(56.21±1.76) kg body weight of 130 days old were selected and divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 heads per replicate according to the principle of similar body weight and the same proportion of males and females.The levels of compound Chinese herbal medicine in the diets of 4 groups were 0(control group),650,1 000 and 1 500 mg/kg,respectively.The trial was divided into pre-feeding period(7 d) and formal period(30 d),and growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,biochemical indexes,antioxidant indexes and immune indexes in blood of finishing pigs were determined.The results showed that:①Compared with the control group,the 650 mg/kg group could increase the average daily gain and decrease the F/G to some extent(P>0.05).②After adding 650 and 1 500 mg/kg of compound Chinese herbal medicine to the diet,the apparent digestibility of CP was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the apparent digestibility of NDF,ADF,Ca,P did not show difference among the groups(P>0.05).③The addition of 650 mg/kg compound Chinese herbal medicine in the diet significantly increased the serum HDL-C level and GSH-Px activity of finishing pigs(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the serum LDL-C level and MDA content(P<0.05).④The addition of compound Chinese herbal medicine to the diet had no significant effect on the body's immune indexes(P>0.05).In summary,the addition of 650 mg/kg compound Chinese herbal medicine to the diet had a positive effect on the growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of finishing pigs,which could improve the blood biochemical indexes of finishing pigs,reduce the content of serum MDA and increase the GSH-Px activity.
引文
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[10] 王国强,李进德.中药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及营养物质消化率的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,12:168-170.WANG G Q,LI J D.Effects of traditional Chinese medicine additives on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets[J].Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2016,12:168-170.(in Chinese)
[11] 周国锋.中药复方对高胆固醇血症大鼠肝脏胆固醇转运机制影响的实验研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2011,29(11):2564-2566.ZHOU G F.Effect of Chinese herbal compound on mechanism of liver cholesterol transportion of hypercholesterolemia rats[J].Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2011,29(11):2564-2566.(in Chinese)
[12] 陈秀琴,张伟,孟良艳,等.中药及益生素对文昌鸡生长性能、血液学指标及血生化的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(2):339-344.CHEN X Q,ZHANG W,MENG L Y,et al.Effects of adding traditional Chinese medicine and probiotic in diets on growth performance,haematological parameters and serum biochemical of Wenchang chicken[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2014,34(2):339-344.(in Chinese)
[13] VALKO M,LEIBRFITZ D,MONCOL J,et al.Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease[J].International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology,2007,39(1):44-84.
[14] 周琪,梁运祥.动物肝组织中丙二醛含量测定方法的改进[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(1):224-225.ZHOU Q,LIANG Y X.Improvement of determination method of malondialdehyde content in animal liver tissue[J].Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research,2010,21(1):224-225.(in Chinese)
[15] 谭树华,何典翼,严芳,等.亚硝酸钠对鲫鱼肝脏丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,23(z1):21-24.TAN S H,HE D Y,YAN F,et al.Effects of NaNO2 on malondialdehyde content and total antioxidative capacity in the liver of Carassius auratus[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2005,23(z1):21-24.(in Chinese)
[16] 徐露,董志.当归多糖抗衰老作用的实验研究[J].激光杂志,2008,35(4):89-90.XU L,DONG Z.Experimental study on anti-aging effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide[J].Laser Journal,2008,35(4):89-90.
[17] 王巧红,顾建明,胡丹,等.复方中药超微粉对育肥猪抗氧化能力的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,20:100-101.WANG Q H,GU J M,HU D,et al.Effect of compound Chinese medicine ultrafine powder on antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs[J].Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2014,20:100-101.(in Chinese)
[18] 阿地拉·艾皮热,张富春,李金耀.中草药免疫增强功能的研究进展[J].细胞与分子免疫学杂志,2016,32(3):423-426.ALADI·AIPIRE,ZANG F C,LI J Y.Research progress on immune enhancement of Chinese herbal medicines[J].Chinese Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology,2016,32(3):423-426.(in Chinese)
[19] 李春燕,甘振磊,汤德元,等.中药添加剂对猪增重、血常规指标及免疫功能影响的研究[J].动物医学进展,2012,33(10):53-56.LI C Y,GAN Z L,TANG D Y,et al.Effects of Chinese herb additives on weight gain,routine blood indexes and the level immunoglobulin in swine[J].Progress in Animal Medicine,2012,33(10):53-56.(in Chinese)
[20] 林新仁.不同剂型的中草药饲料添加剂对猪生产性能、消化能力和免疫力的影响[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2013,33(9):65-68.LIN X R.Effects of different formulations of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on performance,digestibility and immunity of pigs[J].Animal Science Abroad (Pigs and Poultry),2013,33(9):65-68.(in Chinese)
[21] 林善婷,郑尧,胡庚东,等.中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落的影响研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(32):94-98.LIN S T,ZHENG Y,HU G D,et al.Research progress on the effects of immunoactive substances from Chinese medical herbs on intestinal flora of fish[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(32):94-98.(in Chinese)
[2] CASTANON J I.History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(11):2466-2471.
[3] 孙杰,王建设,田亚崴,等.中草药饲料添加剂的应用现状[J].中国动物保健,2010,12(2):74-76.SUN J,WANG J S,TIAN Y W,et al.Application status of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives[J].China Animal Health,2010,12(2):74-76.(in Chinese)
[4] 姜卫星,袁文军,李伟,等.中草药添加剂对育肥猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(5):15-19.JIANG W X,YUAN W J,LI W,et al.Effects of Chinese herbal medicine additives on growth performance and immune function of finishing pigs[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2011,38(5):15-19.(in Chinese)
[5] 杨迪,边连全,刘显军,等.中草药添加剂对育肥猪生产性能和肉品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2015,7:1-5.YANG D,BIAN L Q,LIU X J,et al.Effects of Chinese herbal medicine additives on performance and meat quality of finishing pigs[J].Feed Research,2015,7:1-5.(in Chinese)
[6] 高海霞.中草药添加剂对香猪生长性能、肉品质及血液生化指标的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学 2010.GAO H X.Effects of Chinese herbal medicine additives on growth performance,meat quality and blood biochemical indexes of pigs[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese)
[7] 田树海.中草药复方添加剂对育肥猪生产性能、血液指标和肉品质的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(2):37-40.TIAN S H.Effects of Chinese herbal compound supplements on performance,blood index and meat quality of finishing pigs[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2010,42(2):37-40.(in Chinese)
[8] 黄南华.黄芪粉对肥育猪生产性能影响的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.HUANG N H.Study on the effect of Astragalus membranaceus on the performance of finishing pigs[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2009.(in Chinese)
[9] 张显花.中草药饲料添加剂对仔猪生长性能和日粮养分消化率的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2005.ZHANG X H.Effects of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on growth performance and dietary nutrient digestibility of piglets[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2005.(in Chinese)
[10] 王国强,李进德.中药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及营养物质消化率的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,12:168-170.WANG G Q,LI J D.Effects of traditional Chinese medicine additives on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets[J].Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2016,12:168-170.(in Chinese)
[11] 周国锋.中药复方对高胆固醇血症大鼠肝脏胆固醇转运机制影响的实验研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2011,29(11):2564-2566.ZHOU G F.Effect of Chinese herbal compound on mechanism of liver cholesterol transportion of hypercholesterolemia rats[J].Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2011,29(11):2564-2566.(in Chinese)
[12] 陈秀琴,张伟,孟良艳,等.中药及益生素对文昌鸡生长性能、血液学指标及血生化的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(2):339-344.CHEN X Q,ZHANG W,MENG L Y,et al.Effects of adding traditional Chinese medicine and probiotic in diets on growth performance,haematological parameters and serum biochemical of Wenchang chicken[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2014,34(2):339-344.(in Chinese)
[13] VALKO M,LEIBRFITZ D,MONCOL J,et al.Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease[J].International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology,2007,39(1):44-84.
[14] 周琪,梁运祥.动物肝组织中丙二醛含量测定方法的改进[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(1):224-225.ZHOU Q,LIANG Y X.Improvement of determination method of malondialdehyde content in animal liver tissue[J].Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research,2010,21(1):224-225.(in Chinese)
[15] 谭树华,何典翼,严芳,等.亚硝酸钠对鲫鱼肝脏丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,23(z1):21-24.TAN S H,HE D Y,YAN F,et al.Effects of NaNO2 on malondialdehyde content and total antioxidative capacity in the liver of Carassius auratus[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2005,23(z1):21-24.(in Chinese)
[16] 徐露,董志.当归多糖抗衰老作用的实验研究[J].激光杂志,2008,35(4):89-90.XU L,DONG Z.Experimental study on anti-aging effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide[J].Laser Journal,2008,35(4):89-90.
[17] 王巧红,顾建明,胡丹,等.复方中药超微粉对育肥猪抗氧化能力的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,20:100-101.WANG Q H,GU J M,HU D,et al.Effect of compound Chinese medicine ultrafine powder on antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs[J].Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2014,20:100-101.(in Chinese)
[18] 阿地拉·艾皮热,张富春,李金耀.中草药免疫增强功能的研究进展[J].细胞与分子免疫学杂志,2016,32(3):423-426.ALADI·AIPIRE,ZANG F C,LI J Y.Research progress on immune enhancement of Chinese herbal medicines[J].Chinese Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology,2016,32(3):423-426.(in Chinese)
[19] 李春燕,甘振磊,汤德元,等.中药添加剂对猪增重、血常规指标及免疫功能影响的研究[J].动物医学进展,2012,33(10):53-56.LI C Y,GAN Z L,TANG D Y,et al.Effects of Chinese herb additives on weight gain,routine blood indexes and the level immunoglobulin in swine[J].Progress in Animal Medicine,2012,33(10):53-56.(in Chinese)
[20] 林新仁.不同剂型的中草药饲料添加剂对猪生产性能、消化能力和免疫力的影响[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2013,33(9):65-68.LIN X R.Effects of different formulations of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on performance,digestibility and immunity of pigs[J].Animal Science Abroad (Pigs and Poultry),2013,33(9):65-68.(in Chinese)
[21] 林善婷,郑尧,胡庚东,等.中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落的影响研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(32):94-98.LIN S T,ZHENG Y,HU G D,et al.Research progress on the effects of immunoactive substances from Chinese medical herbs on intestinal flora of fish[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(32):94-98.(in Chinese)
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