烤烟叶片不同区位半挥发性有机酸含量的变化
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摘要
【目的】研究烟叶不同区位半挥发性有机酸含量的差异,探索烟叶分切加工的化学物质基础,为烤烟原料的分切加工提供参考。【方法】以河南浓香型初烤烟叶为材料,从叶尖到叶基分切成10段(HN-1～HN-10),利用单因素方差分析、相关回归分析研究叶片不同区位半挥发性有机酸含量的变化,并基于半挥发性有机酸含量对不同区位进行聚类分析。【结果】烟叶不同区位半挥发性有机酸总量平均为12.43 mg/g,变幅为9.01～20.56 mg/g,各组分平均含量表现为:亚麻酸(5.59 mg/g)>棕榈酸(2.83 mg/g)>亚油酸(2.04 mg/g)>油酸(1.02 mg/g)>硬脂酸(0.89 mg/g)>十五酸(0.06 mg/g)。棕榈酸、亚油酸以及半挥发性有机酸总量在不同区位间的差异达到极显著水平。棕榈酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸以及半挥发性有机酸总量与区位(HN-1→HN-10)呈极显著负相关关系。从叶尖到叶基,亚油酸和亚麻酸呈逐渐降低的抛物线型变化,棕榈酸和半挥发性有机酸总量呈先增加后降低的抛物线型变化。基于半挥发性有机酸含量的不同区位聚类结果表明,不同区位聚为3段,第1段叶尖部(HN-1～HN-5)半挥发性有机酸含量为12.83 mg/g,第2段叶中部(HN-6～HN-8)半挥发性有机酸含量为12.30 mg/g,第3段叶基部(HN-9～HN-10)半挥发性有机酸含量为11.61 mg/g。【结论】不同区位的半挥发性有机酸含量存在较大差异,且从叶尖到叶基呈规律性变化;烟叶HN-2～HN-5区位工业可用性相对较高。
【Objective】 This study analyzed the differences in semi-volatile organic acids contents at different locations of tobacco leaf to further explore chemical component basis for tobacco cutting and processing.【Method】 Henan robust flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaves were cut into 10 sections(HN-1-HN-10) to study the variations of semi-volatile organic acids contents and clusters by means of single factor analysis of variance,correlation analysis,and regression analysis.【Result】 The content of semi-volatile organic acids was 12.43 mg/g on average,ranging from 9.01 mg/g to 20.56 mg/g.The contents of components were in the order of linolenic acid(5.59 mg/g)>palmitic acid(2.83 mg/g)>linoleic acid(2.04 mg/g)>oleic acid(1.02 mg/g)>stearic acid(0.89 mg/g)>pentadecylic acid(0.06 mg/g).The contents of palmitic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid and the total content of semi-volatile organic acids had extremely significant differences among different sections,and they had extremely significant negative correlation with sections from HN-1 to HN-10.The contents presented a parabolic trend from leaf tip to base area.The flue-cured tobacco leaves can be cut into three groups,the tip part(HN-1-HN-5),the middle part(HN-6-HN-8),and the base part(HN-9-HN-10) had semi-volatile organic acids concentrations of 12.83,12.30 and 11.61 mg/g,respectively.【Conclusion】 The contents of semi-volatile organic acids were different among different sections and changed regularly from leaf tip to base area.The HN-2-HN-5 sections had high industrial availability.
【Objective】 This study analyzed the differences in semi-volatile organic acids contents at different locations of tobacco leaf to further explore chemical component basis for tobacco cutting and processing.【Method】 Henan robust flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaves were cut into 10 sections(HN-1-HN-10) to study the variations of semi-volatile organic acids contents and clusters by means of single factor analysis of variance,correlation analysis,and regression analysis.【Result】 The content of semi-volatile organic acids was 12.43 mg/g on average,ranging from 9.01 mg/g to 20.56 mg/g.The contents of components were in the order of linolenic acid(5.59 mg/g)>palmitic acid(2.83 mg/g)>linoleic acid(2.04 mg/g)>oleic acid(1.02 mg/g)>stearic acid(0.89 mg/g)>pentadecylic acid(0.06 mg/g).The contents of palmitic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid and the total content of semi-volatile organic acids had extremely significant differences among different sections,and they had extremely significant negative correlation with sections from HN-1 to HN-10.The contents presented a parabolic trend from leaf tip to base area.The flue-cured tobacco leaves can be cut into three groups,the tip part(HN-1-HN-5),the middle part(HN-6-HN-8),and the base part(HN-9-HN-10) had semi-volatile organic acids concentrations of 12.83,12.30 and 11.61 mg/g,respectively.【Conclusion】 The contents of semi-volatile organic acids were different among different sections and changed regularly from leaf tip to base area.The HN-2-HN-5 sections had high industrial availability.
引文
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[22] 彭艳,周冀衡,樊再斗,等.不同烟区和烟田烤烟挥发和半挥发性有机酸含量的差异分析 [J].中国烟草学报,2010,16(5):19-23.Peng Y,Zhou J H,Fan Z D,et al.Analysis of volatile and semi-volatile acid content in tobacco in different growing area and soil [J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2010,16(5):19-23.
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[2] 于建军,宫长荣.烟草原料初加工 [M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009:51-54.Yu J J,Gong C R.Primary processing of tobacco material [M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2009:51-54.
[3] 史宏志,刘国顺.烟草香味学 [M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:38-41.Shi H Z,Liu G S.Tobacco aromatics [M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1998:38-41.
[4] 王利杰,卢红.烟草有机酸研究进展 [J].贵州农业科学,2007,35(3):142-144.Wang L J,Lu H.Research progress on organic acids in tobacco [J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2007,35(3):142-144.
[5] 杨利云,杨双龙,李军营,等.烟草高级脂肪酸代谢及影响因素研究进展 [J].生物技术通报,2017,33(12):51-60.Yang L Y,Yang S L,Li J Y,et al.Research advances on metabolism of higher fatty acids in Nicotiana tabacum and its affecting factors [J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2017,33(12):51-60.
[6] 刘良教,段淑辉,刘天波,等.烤烟叶片不同类型的组织结构及相关因素对生长影响分析 [J].农业开发与装备,2016(10):48-50.Liu L J,Duan S H,Liu T B,et al.Analysis on the influence of different types of tissue structure and related factors on the growth of flue-cured tobacco leaf [J].Agricultural Development & Equipment,2016(10):48-50.
[7] 孙建锋.烤烟叶片不同区位生理特性及理化指标的比较研究 [D].郑州:河南农业大学,2016.Sun J F.Studies on physiological characteristics and physical-chemical items of different leaf positions in flue-cured tobacco [D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2016.
[8] 王晓耕,王家洪,冉宁,等.烟叶分切工艺在打叶复烤生产中的应用 [J].烟草科技,2005(2):3-4,40.Wang X G,Wang J H,Ran N,et al.Leaf cutting before threshing and redrying [J].Tobacco Science &Technology,2005(2):3-4,40.
[9] 张忠峰,张世成,齐海涛.分切打叶工艺设备的研究与应用 [J].烟草科技,2011(6):16-19.Zhang Z F,Zhang S C,Qi H T.Improvement of tipping and threshing equipment [J].Tobacco Science &Technology,2011(6):16-19.
[10] 郑宏斌,刘江豫,杜阅光,等.浓香型烟叶分切不同段位质量变化研究 [J].湖北农业科学,2014(16):2824-2826.Zheng H B,Liu J Y,Du Y G,et al.Quality changes of different cutting segments of robust flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaves [J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2014(16):2824-2826.
[11] 毛志伟,李忠寿,武凯.初烤烟叶不同区位的物理耐加工性对比研究 [J].当代化工研究,2017(5):161-163.Mao Z W,Li Z S,Wu K.Comparative study of the physical machinability resistance of originally-baked tobacco in different location [J].Chenmical Intermediate,2017(5):161-163.
[12] 徐安传.烟叶不同区位多酚主要组分的分布特征研究 [J].云南农业大学学报,2013,28(6):819-824.Xu A C.Distribution characteristics of polyphenol components in different leaf positions of flue-cured tobacco [J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2013,28(6):819-824.
[13] 徐安传,胡巍耀.烟叶不同区位叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素分布特征的研究 [J].中国烟草科学,2013,34(2):59-63.Xu A C,Hu W Y.Distribution characteristics of lutein and β-carotene in different leaf positions of flue-cured tobacco [J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2013,34(2):59-63.
[14] 祁林,陈伟,王政,等.浓香型烟叶不同分切区位石油醚提取物的含量 [J].烟草科技,2014(1):53-55,76.Qi L,Chen W,Wang Z,et al.Contents of petroleum ether extracts in different portions of robust flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaf [J].Tobacco Science &Technology,2014(1):53-55,76.
[15] 陈伟,杨树林,田海英,等.基于致香成分含量为评价指标的烟叶分切方法 [J].广州化工,2016(23):89-91,112.Chen W,Yang S L,Tian H Y,et al.Study on tobacco leaf cutting based on content of aroma components in different portions [J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2016(23):89-91,112.
[16] 陈伟,张玉,王根发,等.浓香型烟叶分切烟片的综合质量研究 [J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2013(5):26-29.Chen W,Zhang Y,Wang G F,et al.Study on the comprehensive quality evaluation of different leaf parts in robust flavor style flue-cured tobacco [J].Journal of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry (Natural Science),2013(5):26-29.
[17] 颜克亮,武怡,曾晓鹰,等.“三段式”分切烟叶醇化品质差异性比较与分析 [J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(4):23-27.Yan K L,Wu Y,Zeng X Y,et al.Quality difference of aging tobacco leaf by three section cutting [J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2011,32(4):23-27.
[18] 符再德,张其龙,张晖,等.张家界桑植浓香型烤烟烟叶分切研究 [J].烟草科技,2012(5):51-55.Fu Z D,Zhang Q L,Zhang H,et al.Study on chemistry of different portions of robust llavor style flue-cured tobacco leaf from Sangzhi in Zhangjiajie [J].Tobacco Science & Technology,2012(5):51-55.
[19] 刘春奎,贾琳,毋丽丽,等.河南主产烟区烤烟非挥发性有机酸含量 [J].烟草科技,2014(8):62-67.Liu C K,Jia L,Wu L L,et al.Contents of nonvolatile organic acids in flue-cured tobacco from main tobacco growing areas in Henan [J].Tobacco Science & Technology,2014(8):62-67.
[20] 卢秀萍,许仪,许自成,等.不同烤烟基因型非挥发性有机酸和高级脂肪酸含量的变异分析 [J].中国烟草学报,2007,13(6):47-51.Lu X P,Xu Y,Xu Z C,et al.Analysis of variation of the contents of non-volatile organic acids and senior fatty acids in different flue-cured tobacco genotypes [J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2007,13(6):47-51.
[21] 彭艳,周冀衡,杨虹琦,等.不同部位烟叶和烟梗中主要挥发性、半挥发性有机酸的分析研究 [J].湖南农业科学,2009(12):43-46.Peng Y,Zhou J H,Yang H Q,et al.Analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic acids in tobacco leaves and stems at different positions [J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2009(12):43-46.
[22] 彭艳,周冀衡,樊再斗,等.不同烟区和烟田烤烟挥发和半挥发性有机酸含量的差异分析 [J].中国烟草学报,2010,16(5):19-23.Peng Y,Zhou J H,Fan Z D,et al.Analysis of volatile and semi-volatile acid content in tobacco in different growing area and soil [J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2010,16(5):19-23.
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