松材线虫病疫情指数与气候因素之间的关系
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摘要
[目的]分析松材线虫病各疫情指数之间的关系以及不同气候因素对松材线虫病发病程度的影响规律。[方法]以湖北省宜昌市夷陵区遭受松材线虫病危害的马尾松林生态系统为研究对象,获取其2006—2013年松材线虫病疫情指数数据和发病年份主要气候因子数据,结合数学方法来定量分析不同年份松材线虫病疫情指数与气候因子的关系。[结果](1)松材线虫病发病前两年气候条件表现为:年平均气温明显要高于历年平均值,降水量和平均相对湿度要低于历年平均值,整体表现出高温干旱的气候条件;(2)松材线虫发病程度严重的年份,夷陵区主要表现出高温、低湿的气候条件;松材线虫病危害程度较轻的年份,则主要表现出强降水量、相对湿度较高的气候条件;(3)RDA分析表明,月相对湿度较高的气候因素有助于松材线虫病在各个林班之间的扩散传播,月平均风速增大时有利于松材线虫的媒介昆虫松墨天牛进行远距离的传播扩散,月平均最高气温、月平均气温和月日照时数的增加,会导致马尾松病死总株数和危害面积的增大。[结论]明确马尾松发病林班个数和病死总株数是评估夷陵区内松材线虫病危害程度最重要的指标,月平均气温、月平均最高气温、月平均相对湿度和年降水量是主导松材线虫病疫情发生的主要气候因子。预期研究结果有助于预测松材线虫及松墨天牛种群动态变化,为松材线虫病的预警和防控管理提供科学理论依据。
[Objective]The main purpose was to explore the relationship between weather variation and pine wilt disease(PWD)development in Yiling district,Hubei Province.[Methods]The research focused on the infected Masson pine forest ecosystem in Yiling district.The correlation analysis,principal component analysis and redundancy analysis were conducted to reveal the effects of weather conditions on the pine wilt disease development from 2006 to 2013.[Results](1)The weather conditions from 2004 to 2006,two years prior to PWD occurred,showed a higher temperature,lower precipitation,and lower relative humidity than the average historic data.(2)During the severe PWD damage year,the study area experienced higher temperature and lower relative humidity,while it was higher relative humidity and strong precipitation during the slight PWD damage years.(3)The RDA results indicated that the higher monthly relative humidity was,the wider the pine wilt disease was spread among Masson pine forest ecosystem.The higher the monthly mean wind speed was,the faster the pine sawyer beetle was spread.With the increase of the highest average temperature,the mean temperature,and the hours of sunshine,the number of pine wilt disease damaged Masson pine stems and damaged areas were increased;on the contrary,the number of dead trees and damaged areas were decrease.[Conclusion]The study indicated that the number of PWD damaged sites and the number of PWD damaged Masson pine stems were the major indicators for the intensity of PWD epidemic degrees in Yiling district.The main climatic factors that closely related to the outbreak of pine wilt disease included monthly mean temperature,the monthly highest temperature,monthly mean relative humidity,and yearly precipitation.The results will provide a key scientific theoretical basis for the monitoring,early warning and management of the PSB and PWN.
[Objective]The main purpose was to explore the relationship between weather variation and pine wilt disease(PWD)development in Yiling district,Hubei Province.[Methods]The research focused on the infected Masson pine forest ecosystem in Yiling district.The correlation analysis,principal component analysis and redundancy analysis were conducted to reveal the effects of weather conditions on the pine wilt disease development from 2006 to 2013.[Results](1)The weather conditions from 2004 to 2006,two years prior to PWD occurred,showed a higher temperature,lower precipitation,and lower relative humidity than the average historic data.(2)During the severe PWD damage year,the study area experienced higher temperature and lower relative humidity,while it was higher relative humidity and strong precipitation during the slight PWD damage years.(3)The RDA results indicated that the higher monthly relative humidity was,the wider the pine wilt disease was spread among Masson pine forest ecosystem.The higher the monthly mean wind speed was,the faster the pine sawyer beetle was spread.With the increase of the highest average temperature,the mean temperature,and the hours of sunshine,the number of pine wilt disease damaged Masson pine stems and damaged areas were increased;on the contrary,the number of dead trees and damaged areas were decrease.[Conclusion]The study indicated that the number of PWD damaged sites and the number of PWD damaged Masson pine stems were the major indicators for the intensity of PWD epidemic degrees in Yiling district.The main climatic factors that closely related to the outbreak of pine wilt disease included monthly mean temperature,the monthly highest temperature,monthly mean relative humidity,and yearly precipitation.The results will provide a key scientific theoretical basis for the monitoring,early warning and management of the PSB and PWN.
引文
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[15]孙玉诚,郭慧娟,戈峰.昆虫对全球气候变化的响应与适应性[J].应用昆虫学报,2017,54(4):539-552.
[16]石娟.浙江松林生态系统对松材线虫入侵的抵御和恢复机制[D].北京:北京林业大学,2005.
[17]柴希民,蒋平.松材线虫病的发生和防治[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:56.
[18]孔维娜,王慧,李捷,等.温湿度对松墨天牛越冬幼虫寿命的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(3):294-295.
[19]David G,Giffard B,Piou D,et al.Potential effects of climate warming on the survivorship of adult Monochamus galloprovincialis[J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2017,19(2):192-199.
[20]Leong E C W,Ho S H.Techniques in the culturing and handling of Liposcelis entomophilus(Enderlein)(Psocoptera:Liposcelidae)[J].Journal of Stored Products Research,1990,26(2):67-70.
[21]毕猛.基于气象因子的重大森林病虫害发生率空间格局研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2014.
[22]Nakamura K,Maehara N,Aikawa T,et al.A research project to develop strategic action plan in the pine-wilt-disease unaffected area in Northern Japan[J].Berichte aus dem Julius Kühn-Institut,2013(169):66.
[23]Shinya R,Morisaka H,Takeuchi Y,et al.Making headway in understanding pine wilt disease:what do we perceive in the postgenomic era?[J]Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2013,116(1):1-8.
[24]程功,吕全,冯益明,等.气候变化背景下松材线虫在中国分布的时空变化预测[J].林业科学,2015,51(06):119-126.
[25]聂绍芳,林仲桂,彭珍宝.南岳景区松墨天牛的发生规律[J].中南林学院学报,2000,20(4):96-98.
[26]Zhao L L,Wei W,Kulhavy D L,et al.Low temperature induces two growth-arrested stages and change of secondary metabolites in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus[J].Nematology,2007,9(5):663-670.
[27]杨宝君,潘宏阳,汤坚.松材线虫病[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003:6.
[28]Mamiya Y.Pathology of the pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,1983,21(1):201-220.
[29]杨爱民.松墨天牛成虫林间种群数量变动规律的初步研究[J].福建林业科技,2004,31(2):62-64.
[30]董旭辉,羊向东,刘恩峰,等.冗余分析(RDA)在简化湖泊沉积指标体系中的应用---以太白湖为例[J].地理研究,2007,26(3):477-484.
[31]高瑞贺,王壮,石娟,等.松材线虫病伐除迹地内昆虫群落特征及寄生性昆虫环境梯度分布[J].北京林业大学学报,2013,35(5):84-90.
[2]Yoshimura A,Kawasaki K,Takasu F,et al.Modeling the spread of pine wilt disease caused by nematodes with pine sawyers as vector[J].Ecology,1999,80(5):1691-1702.
[3]潘宏阳,叶建仁,吴小芹.中国松材线虫病空间分布格局[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4325-4331.
[4]Zhao B G,Futai K,Sutherland J R,et al.Pine Wilt Disease[M].New York:Springer,2008:2-4.
[5]吕全,张星耀,梁军,等.当代森林病理学的特征[J].林业科学,2012,48(7):134-144.
[6]国家林业局.国家林业局公告(2018年第1号)(2018年松材线虫病疫区公告)[EB/OL].(发布时间2018-2-2)[引用日期].获取路径http://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/4461/content-1074329.html.
[7]Cui Y,Du Y,Lu M,et al.Antioxidant responses of Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)larvae exposed to thermal stress[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2011,36(5):292-297.
[8]Catalán T P,Wozniak A,Niemeyer H M,et al.Interplay between thermal and immune ecology:effect of environmental temperature on insect immune response and energetic costs after an immune challenge[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2012,58(3):310-317.
[9]Board P G,Menon D.Glutathione transferases,regulators of cellular metabolism and physiology[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-General Subjects,2003,1830(5):3267-3288.
[10]Shi P J,Sandhu H S,Ge F.Could the intrinsic rate of increase represent the fitness in terrestrial ectotherms?[J]Journal of Thermal Biology,2013,38(3):148-151.
[11]Colinet H,Sinclair B J,Vernon P,et al.Insects in fluctuating thermal environments[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2015,60:123-140
[12]凡美玲,方水元,陈磊,等.温度与昆虫内禀增长率关系模型的比较[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(4):544-550.
[13]陈瑜,马春森.气候变暖对昆虫影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2159-2172.
[14]Roques A,Zhao L L,Sun J H,et al.Pine wood nematode,pine wilt disease,vector beetle and pine tree:how a multiplayer system could reply to climate change[J].Climate Change and Insect Pests,2015:220-234.
[15]孙玉诚,郭慧娟,戈峰.昆虫对全球气候变化的响应与适应性[J].应用昆虫学报,2017,54(4):539-552.
[16]石娟.浙江松林生态系统对松材线虫入侵的抵御和恢复机制[D].北京:北京林业大学,2005.
[17]柴希民,蒋平.松材线虫病的发生和防治[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:56.
[18]孔维娜,王慧,李捷,等.温湿度对松墨天牛越冬幼虫寿命的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(3):294-295.
[19]David G,Giffard B,Piou D,et al.Potential effects of climate warming on the survivorship of adult Monochamus galloprovincialis[J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2017,19(2):192-199.
[20]Leong E C W,Ho S H.Techniques in the culturing and handling of Liposcelis entomophilus(Enderlein)(Psocoptera:Liposcelidae)[J].Journal of Stored Products Research,1990,26(2):67-70.
[21]毕猛.基于气象因子的重大森林病虫害发生率空间格局研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2014.
[22]Nakamura K,Maehara N,Aikawa T,et al.A research project to develop strategic action plan in the pine-wilt-disease unaffected area in Northern Japan[J].Berichte aus dem Julius Kühn-Institut,2013(169):66.
[23]Shinya R,Morisaka H,Takeuchi Y,et al.Making headway in understanding pine wilt disease:what do we perceive in the postgenomic era?[J]Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2013,116(1):1-8.
[24]程功,吕全,冯益明,等.气候变化背景下松材线虫在中国分布的时空变化预测[J].林业科学,2015,51(06):119-126.
[25]聂绍芳,林仲桂,彭珍宝.南岳景区松墨天牛的发生规律[J].中南林学院学报,2000,20(4):96-98.
[26]Zhao L L,Wei W,Kulhavy D L,et al.Low temperature induces two growth-arrested stages and change of secondary metabolites in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus[J].Nematology,2007,9(5):663-670.
[27]杨宝君,潘宏阳,汤坚.松材线虫病[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003:6.
[28]Mamiya Y.Pathology of the pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,1983,21(1):201-220.
[29]杨爱民.松墨天牛成虫林间种群数量变动规律的初步研究[J].福建林业科技,2004,31(2):62-64.
[30]董旭辉,羊向东,刘恩峰,等.冗余分析(RDA)在简化湖泊沉积指标体系中的应用---以太白湖为例[J].地理研究,2007,26(3):477-484.
[31]高瑞贺,王壮,石娟,等.松材线虫病伐除迹地内昆虫群落特征及寄生性昆虫环境梯度分布[J].北京林业大学学报,2013,35(5):84-90.
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