不同年龄杨梅各器官氮、磷、钾化学计量特征
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摘要
杨梅(Myrica rubra)为我国特有常绿果树,但有关杨梅不同器官氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)的生态化学计量特征的认识还不够充分。以浙江省仙居县杨梅人工林为对象,通过对不同年龄杨梅叶片、茎(枝)、根系中N、P、K质量分数的测定,探讨了杨梅不同年龄各器官N、P、K化学计量特征及在各器官中的分配规律。结果表明:杨梅N、P质量分数大小表现为叶、根、茎,K质量分数高低排序为叶、茎、根;随年龄的增加,杨梅叶中P、K质量分数下降,根中N、P、K质量分数均下降,而茎中的N、K则逐年增高;杨梅各器官N∶P介于12.69～42.97,N∶K介于0.89～2.16,K∶P介于9.10～26.04;随年龄的增长,杨梅叶N∶P、K∶P先降低而后增大,茎、根N∶P、K∶P逐年增高,N∶K在叶中逐渐增高,茎中先上升而后降低,而根中则先下降而后升高。杨梅叶片的N、K平均分配比例达55.3%和43.1%,而在根系的分配比例仅为18.2%和18.4%。影响杨梅生长的限制元素是P,在生产经营过程中可适当增施磷肥。
Myrica rubrais an endemic evergreen fruit tree in China,but the distribution of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)in different organs and ages is not well understood.Samples of leaves,stems,roots at different ages were collected from M. rubra in Xianju County,Zhejiang Province.The N,P,and K contents were measured to analyze their stoichiometry characteristics and distribution rules at different ages.The results showed that the contents of N and P were the largest in leaf followed by in boot and stem,the K content was in the order of leaf > stem>boot.With increasing age,the N,P contents decreased gradually in leaf,the N,P,K contents decreased in root;the N,K contents increased in stem.The values of N∶P were 12.69～42.97;those of N∶K,0.89～2.16;and those of K∶P,9.10～26.04.With increasing age,N∶P and K∶P first decreased and then increased in leaf,N∶P and K∶P increased gradually in stem and root,N∶K in leaf increased gradually,first increased and then decreased in stem,first decreased and then increased in root.The average distribution ratios of N and K in the leaves were 55.3% and 43.1%,and in the roots,the average ratios were18.2% and 18.4%.The limiting elements affecting the growth of M. rubra was P,in the process of production,phosphorus fertilizer can be properly added.
Myrica rubrais an endemic evergreen fruit tree in China,but the distribution of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)in different organs and ages is not well understood.Samples of leaves,stems,roots at different ages were collected from M. rubra in Xianju County,Zhejiang Province.The N,P,and K contents were measured to analyze their stoichiometry characteristics and distribution rules at different ages.The results showed that the contents of N and P were the largest in leaf followed by in boot and stem,the K content was in the order of leaf > stem>boot.With increasing age,the N,P contents decreased gradually in leaf,the N,P,K contents decreased in root;the N,K contents increased in stem.The values of N∶P were 12.69～42.97;those of N∶K,0.89～2.16;and those of K∶P,9.10～26.04.With increasing age,N∶P and K∶P first decreased and then increased in leaf,N∶P and K∶P increased gradually in stem and root,N∶K in leaf increased gradually,first increased and then decreased in stem,first decreased and then increased in root.The average distribution ratios of N and K in the leaves were 55.3% and 43.1%,and in the roots,the average ratios were18.2% and 18.4%.The limiting elements affecting the growth of M. rubra was P,in the process of production,phosphorus fertilizer can be properly added.
引文
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[9]李红林,贡璐,洪毅.克里雅绿洲旱生芦苇根茎叶C、N、P化学计量特征的季节变化[J].生态学报,2016,36(20):6547-6555.Li H L,Gong L,Hong Y.Seasonal variations in C,N,and P stoichiometry of roots,stems,and leaves of Phragmites australis in the Keriya Oasis,Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016 36(20):6547-6555.
[10]尹丹丹,李珊珊,吴倩,等.我国6种主要木本油料作物的研究进展[J].植物学报,2018,53(1):110-125.Yin D D,Li S S,Wu Q,et al.Advances in research of six woody oil crops in China[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2018,53(1):110-125.
[11]张跃建.东魁杨梅对主要矿质养分的年间吸收量[J].浙江农业学报,1999,11(4):208-211.Zhang Y J.The analysis on mineral nutrient absorption of Chinese bayberry(Myrica rubra)Dongkui in whole year[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,1999,11(4):208-211.
[12]周林军,曾明,王秀琪,等.我国杨梅矿质营养特性研究进展[J].中国南方果树,2013,42(2):35-38.Zhou L J,Zeng M,Wang X Q,et al.Research progress on the nutritional characteristics of Myrica rubra Mineral in China[J].South China Fruits,2013,42(2):35-38.
[13]郭秀珠,陈巍,梁森苗,等.‘丁岙’杨梅生长期矿质元素含量变化研究[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(8):762-767.Guo X Z,Chen W,Liang S M,et al.Changes on mineral contents during development of Dingao Chinese baygerries[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,30(8):762-767.
[14]梁森苗,郭秀珠,郑锡良,等.杨梅结果树各器官的矿质营养特性[J].浙江农业学报,2017,29(10):1669-1677.Liang S M,Guo X Z,Zheng X L,et al.Mineral nutritional characteristics of different organs in fruit-bearing tree of Myrica rubra Lour[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2017,29(10):1669-1677.
[15]颜晓捷,黄坚钦,邱智敏,等.生草栽培对杨梅果园土壤理化性质和果实品质的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2010,28(6):850-854.Yan X J,Huang J Q,Qiu Z M,et al.Soil physical and chemical properties and fruit quality with grass cover in a Myrica rubra orchard[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2010,28(6):850-854.
[16]叶晶,葛高波,应雨骐,等.青皮竹地上部营养元素的吸收、积累和分配特性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):164-170Ye J,Ge G B,Ying Y Q,et al.Absorption,accumulation and distribution of bamboo(Bambusa textilis)to the main nutrients[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(1):164-170.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao S D.Analysis of soil agrochemistry[M].Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,200.
[18]任书杰,于贵瑞,陶波,等.中国东部南北样带654种植物叶片氮和磷的化学计量学特征研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(12):2665-2673.Ren S J,Yu G R,Tao B,et al.,Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 654 terrestrial plant species in NSTEC[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(12):2665-2673.
[19]秦海,李俊祥,高三平,等.中国660种陆生植物叶片8种元素含量特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1247-1257.Qin H,Li J X,Gao S P,et al.Characteristics of leaf element contents for eight nutrients across 660 terrestrial plant species in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(5):1247-1257.
[20]苏凯文,陈路红,郑伟,等.云南杨梅碳、氮、磷化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(1):136-146.Su K W,Chen L H,Zheng W,et al.Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Myrica nana in Yunnan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2017,41(1):136-146.
[21]皮发剑,袁丛军,喻理飞,等.黔中天然次生林主要优势树种叶片生态化学计量特征[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(5):801-807.Pi F J,Yuan C J,Yu L F,et al.Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of plant leaves from the main dominant species of natural secondary forest in the central of Guizhou[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(5):801-807.
[22]姜沛沛,曹扬,陈云明,王芳.不同林龄油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)人工林植物、凋落物与土壤C、N、P化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6188-6197.Jiang P P,Cao Y,Chen Y M,et al.Variation of C,N,and P stoichiometry in plant tissue,litter,and soil during stand development in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation[J].Acta Ecola Sin,2016,36(19):6188-6197.
[23]Venterink H G M O,Wassen M J,Verkroost A W M,et al.Species richness-productivity patterns differ between N-,P-,Klimited wetlands[J].Ecology,2003,84(8):2191-2199.
[24]孙雪娇,常顺利,宋成程,等.雪岭云杉不同器官N、P、K化学计量特征随生长阶段的变化[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1291-1298.Sun X J,Chang S L,Song C C,et al.Age-related N,P,and K stoichiometry in different organs of Picea schrenkiana[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(5):1291-1298.
[2]贺金生,韩兴国.生态化学计量学:探索从个体到生态系统的统一化理论[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):2-6.He J S,Han X G.Ecological stoichiometry:searching for unifying principles from individuals to ecosystems[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2010,34(1):2-6.
[3]Ashton I W,Hyatt L A,Howe K M,et al.Invasive species accelerate decomposition and litter nitrogen loss in a mixed deciduous forest[J].Ecological Applications,2005,15(4):1263-1272.
[4]于海玲,李愈哲,樊江文,等.中国草地样带不同功能群植物叶片氮磷含量随水热因子的变化规律[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(11):2867-2874.Yu H L,Li Y Z,Fan J Wet al.Leaf N and P contents of different functional groups in relation to precipitation and temperature in China Grassland Transect[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(11):2867-2874.
[5]顾鸿昊,翁俊,孔佳杰,等.粗放和集约经营毛竹林叶片的生态化学计量特征[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(5):661-667.Gu H H,Weng J,Kong J J,et al.Ecological stoichiometry of Phyllostachys edulis leaves with extensive and intensive management[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2015,32(5):661-667.
[6]高宗宝,王洪义,吕晓涛,等.氮磷添加对呼伦贝尔草甸草原4种优势植物根系和叶片C∶N∶P化学计量特征的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(1):80-88.Gao Z B,Wang H Y,LüX B,et al.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on C∶N∶P stoichiometry in roots and leaves of four dominant plant species in a meadow steppe of Hulunbuir[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(1):80-88.
[7]Sardans J,Pe?uelas J.Trees increase their P:N ratio with size[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2015(24):147-156.
[8]陈婵,王光军,赵月,等.会同杉木器官间C、N、P化学计量比的季节动态与异速生长关系[J].生态学报,2016,36(23):7614-7623.Chen C,Wang G J,Zhao Y,et al.Seasonal dynamics and allometric growth relationships of C,N,and P stoichiometry in the organs of Cunninghamia lanceolata from Huitong[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(23):7614-7623.
[9]李红林,贡璐,洪毅.克里雅绿洲旱生芦苇根茎叶C、N、P化学计量特征的季节变化[J].生态学报,2016,36(20):6547-6555.Li H L,Gong L,Hong Y.Seasonal variations in C,N,and P stoichiometry of roots,stems,and leaves of Phragmites australis in the Keriya Oasis,Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016 36(20):6547-6555.
[10]尹丹丹,李珊珊,吴倩,等.我国6种主要木本油料作物的研究进展[J].植物学报,2018,53(1):110-125.Yin D D,Li S S,Wu Q,et al.Advances in research of six woody oil crops in China[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2018,53(1):110-125.
[11]张跃建.东魁杨梅对主要矿质养分的年间吸收量[J].浙江农业学报,1999,11(4):208-211.Zhang Y J.The analysis on mineral nutrient absorption of Chinese bayberry(Myrica rubra)Dongkui in whole year[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,1999,11(4):208-211.
[12]周林军,曾明,王秀琪,等.我国杨梅矿质营养特性研究进展[J].中国南方果树,2013,42(2):35-38.Zhou L J,Zeng M,Wang X Q,et al.Research progress on the nutritional characteristics of Myrica rubra Mineral in China[J].South China Fruits,2013,42(2):35-38.
[13]郭秀珠,陈巍,梁森苗,等.‘丁岙’杨梅生长期矿质元素含量变化研究[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(8):762-767.Guo X Z,Chen W,Liang S M,et al.Changes on mineral contents during development of Dingao Chinese baygerries[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,30(8):762-767.
[14]梁森苗,郭秀珠,郑锡良,等.杨梅结果树各器官的矿质营养特性[J].浙江农业学报,2017,29(10):1669-1677.Liang S M,Guo X Z,Zheng X L,et al.Mineral nutritional characteristics of different organs in fruit-bearing tree of Myrica rubra Lour[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2017,29(10):1669-1677.
[15]颜晓捷,黄坚钦,邱智敏,等.生草栽培对杨梅果园土壤理化性质和果实品质的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2010,28(6):850-854.Yan X J,Huang J Q,Qiu Z M,et al.Soil physical and chemical properties and fruit quality with grass cover in a Myrica rubra orchard[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2010,28(6):850-854.
[16]叶晶,葛高波,应雨骐,等.青皮竹地上部营养元素的吸收、积累和分配特性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):164-170Ye J,Ge G B,Ying Y Q,et al.Absorption,accumulation and distribution of bamboo(Bambusa textilis)to the main nutrients[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(1):164-170.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao S D.Analysis of soil agrochemistry[M].Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,200.
[18]任书杰,于贵瑞,陶波,等.中国东部南北样带654种植物叶片氮和磷的化学计量学特征研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(12):2665-2673.Ren S J,Yu G R,Tao B,et al.,Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 654 terrestrial plant species in NSTEC[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(12):2665-2673.
[19]秦海,李俊祥,高三平,等.中国660种陆生植物叶片8种元素含量特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1247-1257.Qin H,Li J X,Gao S P,et al.Characteristics of leaf element contents for eight nutrients across 660 terrestrial plant species in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(5):1247-1257.
[20]苏凯文,陈路红,郑伟,等.云南杨梅碳、氮、磷化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(1):136-146.Su K W,Chen L H,Zheng W,et al.Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Myrica nana in Yunnan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2017,41(1):136-146.
[21]皮发剑,袁丛军,喻理飞,等.黔中天然次生林主要优势树种叶片生态化学计量特征[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(5):801-807.Pi F J,Yuan C J,Yu L F,et al.Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of plant leaves from the main dominant species of natural secondary forest in the central of Guizhou[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(5):801-807.
[22]姜沛沛,曹扬,陈云明,王芳.不同林龄油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)人工林植物、凋落物与土壤C、N、P化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6188-6197.Jiang P P,Cao Y,Chen Y M,et al.Variation of C,N,and P stoichiometry in plant tissue,litter,and soil during stand development in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation[J].Acta Ecola Sin,2016,36(19):6188-6197.
[23]Venterink H G M O,Wassen M J,Verkroost A W M,et al.Species richness-productivity patterns differ between N-,P-,Klimited wetlands[J].Ecology,2003,84(8):2191-2199.
[24]孙雪娇,常顺利,宋成程,等.雪岭云杉不同器官N、P、K化学计量特征随生长阶段的变化[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1291-1298.Sun X J,Chang S L,Song C C,et al.Age-related N,P,and K stoichiometry in different organs of Picea schrenkiana[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(5):1291-1298.
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