杏鲍菇菌糠对幼兔生长性能、消化率及抗氧化性能的影响
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摘要
旨在研究杏鲍菇菌糠对幼兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化和抗氧化性能的影响.选取60只5周龄的新西兰幼兔随机分为3组:对照组,试验Ⅰ组,试验Ⅱ组,分别用杏鲍菇菌糠代替日粮中0, 50%, 100%的菊叶粉,预试期7 d,正饲期28 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组平均日增重分别提高了7.8%和12.1%,腹泻率有升高趋势. 2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组显著提高了粗蛋白质表观消化率(p<0.05),粗纤维、灰分和无氮浸出物差异无统计学意义(p>0.05). 3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶活性(p<0.05);同时提高了总抗氧化能力(p>0.05);降低了血清丙二醛质量分数(p>0.05);试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组显著提高了血糖质量分数(p<0.05),其他血清指标影响无统计学意义(p>0.05). 4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组料肉比分别降低了13.5%和5.4%(p>0.05),每千克增质量的成本比对照组节约了17.3%和11.1%.由此可见,杏鲍菇菌糠可以提高幼兔生长性能、降低料肉比、提高粗蛋白质表观消化率、增强机体的抗氧化能力,并且有降低饲喂成本的效果.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of apricot mushroom(Pleurotus errngii) chaff on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestion rate and serum biochemical and antioxidant properties of young rabbits. Sixty of 5-week-old New Zealand young rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group, and experimental groups I and II. In their daily rations, 0, 50%, and 100% of chrysanthemum leaf powder was replaced with apricot mushroom chaff, respectively. The preliminary trial lasted for 7 d and the experiment period for 28 d. Compared with that of the control group, the average daily weight gain increased by 7.8% in experimental group I and by 12.1% in experimental group II, and the diarrhea rate showed a rising trend. The apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly improved in experimental group I compared with that of the control group(p<0.05), and crude fiber, ash and nitrogen-free extract showed no significant differences among the control group, experimental groups I and II(p>0.05). The superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity(p<0.05) and the total antioxidant capacity(p>0.05) were increased in experimental group II compared with those of the control group; and the serum malonaldehyde content was reduced(p>0.05). Blood sugar content(p<0.05) was significantly increased in experimental groups I and II compared with that of the control group, and there was no significant effect on other serum indicators(p>0.05). Feed conversion ratio was decreased by 13.5% and 5.4%(p>0.05) in experimental groups I and group II compared with that of the control group, respectively, and the cost per kilogram of weight gain was 17.3% and 11.1% lower in experimental group I and group II than that of the control group, respectively. Thus, it can be seen that apricot mushroom chaff can improve the growth performance of young rabbits, reduce the feed conversion ratio, increase the apparent digestive rate of crude protein, enhance the antioxidant ability of the body and reduce the feeding cost.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of apricot mushroom(Pleurotus errngii) chaff on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestion rate and serum biochemical and antioxidant properties of young rabbits. Sixty of 5-week-old New Zealand young rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group, and experimental groups I and II. In their daily rations, 0, 50%, and 100% of chrysanthemum leaf powder was replaced with apricot mushroom chaff, respectively. The preliminary trial lasted for 7 d and the experiment period for 28 d. Compared with that of the control group, the average daily weight gain increased by 7.8% in experimental group I and by 12.1% in experimental group II, and the diarrhea rate showed a rising trend. The apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly improved in experimental group I compared with that of the control group(p<0.05), and crude fiber, ash and nitrogen-free extract showed no significant differences among the control group, experimental groups I and II(p>0.05). The superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity(p<0.05) and the total antioxidant capacity(p>0.05) were increased in experimental group II compared with those of the control group; and the serum malonaldehyde content was reduced(p>0.05). Blood sugar content(p<0.05) was significantly increased in experimental groups I and II compared with that of the control group, and there was no significant effect on other serum indicators(p>0.05). Feed conversion ratio was decreased by 13.5% and 5.4%(p>0.05) in experimental groups I and group II compared with that of the control group, respectively, and the cost per kilogram of weight gain was 17.3% and 11.1% lower in experimental group I and group II than that of the control group, respectively. Thus, it can be seen that apricot mushroom chaff can improve the growth performance of young rabbits, reduce the feed conversion ratio, increase the apparent digestive rate of crude protein, enhance the antioxidant ability of the body and reduce the feeding cost.
引文
[1] 崔耀明,董晓芳,佟建明.我国食品及制造业糟渣类饲料资源的应用 [J].动物营养学报,2014,26(7):1728-1737.
[2] 范文丽,李天来,代洋,等.杏鲍菇、 香菇、 金针菇、 蛹虫草、 滑菇、 平菇菌糠营养分析评价 [J].沈阳农业大学学报,2013,44(5):673-677.
[3] 程云辉,张俊,钟声,等.玉米秸菌糠在肉羊育肥中的应用效果 [J].江苏农业科学,2007,35(6):214-215,238.
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[5] 王松,殷中琼,游玲,等.鸡腿菇酒糟菌糠对天府肉鸭肠道形态及其中主要菌群的影响 [J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(8):13-18.
[6] ZHANG C K,GONG F,LI D S.A Note on the Utilisation of Spent Mushroom Composts in Animal Feeds [J].Bioresource Technology,1995,52(1):89-91.
[7] MEDINA E,PAREDES C,PEREZ-MURCIA,M D,et al.Spent Mushroom Substrates as Component of Growing Media for Germination and Growth of Horticultural Plants [J].Bioresource Technology,2009,99(18):4227-4232.
[8] 闫昭明,马杰,段金良,等.饲粮中添加金针菇菌渣对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、 肉品质及肌肉营养成分的影响 [J].动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1958-1964.
[9] 李进杰,蒋明琴,刘燕.香菇菌糠代替部分麸皮饲喂生长期肉兔效果试验 [J].畜牧与兽医,2014,46(3):47-49.
[10] 陈思恋,刘庆华.菌草菌糠替代部分苜蓿草粉饲喂福建黄兔试验 [J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(6):140-142.
[11] 孟梅娟,白云峰,高立鹏,等.金针菇菌渣日粮对山羊养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响 [J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(5):31-37.
[12] 郭万正,赵娜,魏金涛,等.金针菇菌糠配制波尔山羊羔羊全混合颗粒日粮研究 [J].中国饲料,2017(3):37-40.
[13] Wink D A,Mitchell J B.Chemical Biology of Nitric Oxide:Insights into Regulatory,Cytotoxic,and Cytoprotective Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide [J].Free Radical Biology And Medicine,1998,25(4-5):434-456.
[14] KONG X F,WU G Y,LIAO Y P,et al.Effects of Chinese Herbal Ultra-Fine Powder as a Dietary Additive on Growth Performance,Serum Metabolites and Intestinal Health in Early-Weaned Piglets [J].Livestock Science,2007,108(1-3):272-275.
[15] 陶忠连,吕晓春,邵丽萍,等.杏鲍菇废菌棒代替麸皮饲喂肉牛的效果试验 [J].浙江畜牧兽医,2010,35(3):6-7.
[16] 陆亚珍,王恒昌,申远航,等.杏鲍菇菌糠的营养价值评价及其在羊日粮中的应用效果 [J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(3):117-118.
[17] 潘军,高腾云,付彤,等.白灵菇菌糠对肉牛适口性和育肥效果的影响 [J].家畜生态学报,2010,31(1):59-63.
[2] 范文丽,李天来,代洋,等.杏鲍菇、 香菇、 金针菇、 蛹虫草、 滑菇、 平菇菌糠营养分析评价 [J].沈阳农业大学学报,2013,44(5):673-677.
[3] 程云辉,张俊,钟声,等.玉米秸菌糠在肉羊育肥中的应用效果 [J].江苏农业科学,2007,35(6):214-215,238.
[4] 刘志芳,王建武,杨瑞基,等.杏鲍菇菌糠对奶牛、 肉牛、 肉羊饲喂效果研究 [J].饲料工业,2013,34(9):33-37.
[5] 王松,殷中琼,游玲,等.鸡腿菇酒糟菌糠对天府肉鸭肠道形态及其中主要菌群的影响 [J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(8):13-18.
[6] ZHANG C K,GONG F,LI D S.A Note on the Utilisation of Spent Mushroom Composts in Animal Feeds [J].Bioresource Technology,1995,52(1):89-91.
[7] MEDINA E,PAREDES C,PEREZ-MURCIA,M D,et al.Spent Mushroom Substrates as Component of Growing Media for Germination and Growth of Horticultural Plants [J].Bioresource Technology,2009,99(18):4227-4232.
[8] 闫昭明,马杰,段金良,等.饲粮中添加金针菇菌渣对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、 肉品质及肌肉营养成分的影响 [J].动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1958-1964.
[9] 李进杰,蒋明琴,刘燕.香菇菌糠代替部分麸皮饲喂生长期肉兔效果试验 [J].畜牧与兽医,2014,46(3):47-49.
[10] 陈思恋,刘庆华.菌草菌糠替代部分苜蓿草粉饲喂福建黄兔试验 [J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(6):140-142.
[11] 孟梅娟,白云峰,高立鹏,等.金针菇菌渣日粮对山羊养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响 [J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(5):31-37.
[12] 郭万正,赵娜,魏金涛,等.金针菇菌糠配制波尔山羊羔羊全混合颗粒日粮研究 [J].中国饲料,2017(3):37-40.
[13] Wink D A,Mitchell J B.Chemical Biology of Nitric Oxide:Insights into Regulatory,Cytotoxic,and Cytoprotective Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide [J].Free Radical Biology And Medicine,1998,25(4-5):434-456.
[14] KONG X F,WU G Y,LIAO Y P,et al.Effects of Chinese Herbal Ultra-Fine Powder as a Dietary Additive on Growth Performance,Serum Metabolites and Intestinal Health in Early-Weaned Piglets [J].Livestock Science,2007,108(1-3):272-275.
[15] 陶忠连,吕晓春,邵丽萍,等.杏鲍菇废菌棒代替麸皮饲喂肉牛的效果试验 [J].浙江畜牧兽医,2010,35(3):6-7.
[16] 陆亚珍,王恒昌,申远航,等.杏鲍菇菌糠的营养价值评价及其在羊日粮中的应用效果 [J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(3):117-118.
[17] 潘军,高腾云,付彤,等.白灵菇菌糠对肉牛适口性和育肥效果的影响 [J].家畜生态学报,2010,31(1):59-63.
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