轨道-路基体系一致动力相似设计方法与动力试验
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摘要
在室内动力试验中,为考虑缩尺模型轨道和路基结构的动力效应以及二者的相互作用,提出了轨道-路基体系一致动力相似设计方法:即在对轨道结构进行动力相似设计的同时,保持轨道-路基模型的加速度相似比为1,再通过轨道和路基遵循相同的长度相似比、控制路基模型剪切波速相似来进行路基结构动力设计.采用该方法进行了缩尺比为1/4的轨道-路基模型结构的相似设计,开展了不同激振频率工况下模型体系的动力试验,测试并分析了路基模型不同位置处的加速度反应等,确定了试验模型体系一阶固有频率.结果表明:加速度在向下传递过程中存在时间尺度上的滞后效应;同一激振频率下,路基不同结构层处加速度频谱分析的特征频率一致.
In order to consider the dynamic responses of track and subgrade of the scaled track-subgrade model and the interaction between them, a uniform dynamic similitude method for the track-subgrade system was first proposed. The dynamic similitude design of the track was conducted and the acceleration-scaling factor of the track-subgrade model was assigned as 1.0. Then, the track and subgrade follow the same length scaling factor and the shear wave of the subgrade model was controlled to perform the dynamic design of the subgrade structure. By using the proposed approach, the similitude design of a 1/4-scaled track-subgrade model system was conducted and a series of dynamic tests of the model system under the excitations with different frequencies were carried out. The acceleration responses of different positions of the model were measured and analyzed. The first-order frequency of the test system was obtained. The results show that there exists time delay in the process of downward transfer of acceleration. Under the excitations with a certain frequency, the characteristic frequencies, which were obtained by using the spectrum analysis of acceleration, of different structural layers are consistent.
In order to consider the dynamic responses of track and subgrade of the scaled track-subgrade model and the interaction between them, a uniform dynamic similitude method for the track-subgrade system was first proposed. The dynamic similitude design of the track was conducted and the acceleration-scaling factor of the track-subgrade model was assigned as 1.0. Then, the track and subgrade follow the same length scaling factor and the shear wave of the subgrade model was controlled to perform the dynamic design of the subgrade structure. By using the proposed approach, the similitude design of a 1/4-scaled track-subgrade model system was conducted and a series of dynamic tests of the model system under the excitations with different frequencies were carried out. The acceleration responses of different positions of the model were measured and analyzed. The first-order frequency of the test system was obtained. The results show that there exists time delay in the process of downward transfer of acceleration. Under the excitations with a certain frequency, the characteristic frequencies, which were obtained by using the spectrum analysis of acceleration, of different structural layers are consistent.
引文
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[27] 胡萍,王永和,卿启湘.改良土填筑过渡段基床底层的动力特性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,40(6):1705.HU Ping,WANG Yonghe,QING Qixiang.Dynamic performance of bridge approach subgrade with improved soil as base course [J].Journal of Central South University (Natural Science),2009,40(6):1705.
[28] 周镇勇.武广客运专线路基动力响应特性试验及数值模拟分析[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.ZHOU Zhenyong.Test and numerical simulation of dynamic response characteristics of Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway [D].Changsha:Central South University,2010.
[29] 柳教利.高速铁路湿陷性黄土地基处理试验研究[D].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2012.LIU Jiaoli.Experimental study on collapsible loess foundation treatment for high-speed railway [D].Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences,2012.
[30] 刘家顺.高速铁路风积土地基震(振)陷变形研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2012.LIU Jiashun.A study on subgrade settlement of aeolian soil aroused by earthquake loads and vibration loads of high-speed railway [D].Fuxin:Liaoning University of Engineering and Technology,2012.
[31] GU X,YANG J,HUANG M,et al.Bender element tests in dry and saturated sand:signal interpretation and result comparison [J].Soils and Foundations,2015,55(5):951.
[32] 周颖,陈瑾.高速铁路无砟轨道路基结构荷载传递规律研究[J].铁道工程学报,2016,33(5):18.ZHOU Ying,CHEN Jin.Research on the load transfer rule in ballastless track subgrade system of high-speed railway [J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2016,33(5):18.
[2] 刘亭,苏谦,赵文辉,等.板式无砟轨道路基翻浆整治效果研究[J].铁道学报,2015,37(12):88.LIU Ting,SU Qian,ZHAO Wenhui,et al.Study on injection-repaired and reinforcement effects of subgrade frost boiling under ballastless track [J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2015,37(12):88.
[3] 张文超,苏谦,刘亭,等.基床翻浆条件下无砟轨道路基振动特性研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(12):3556.ZHANG Wenchao,SU Qian,LIU Ting,et al.Research on vibration characteristics of ballastless track subgrade under frost boiling at subgrade bed [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(12):3556.
[4] 邹春华,周顺华,王炳龙,等.路基不均匀沉降对有砟轨道沉降影响的模型试验[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(6):862.ZOU Chunhua,ZHOU Shunhua,WANG Binglong,et al.Model test study of influence of differential subgrade settlement on ballasted track settlement [J].Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2011,39(6):862.
[5] 邹春华,周顺华,王长丹,等.路基不均匀沉降引起有砟轨道沉降的计算方法[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(8):1237.ZOU Chunhua,ZHOU Shunhua,WANG Changdan,et al.Calculation method of ballasted track settlement caused by subgrade differential settlement [J].Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2013,41(8):1237.
[6] BIAN X,JIANG H,CHEN Y,et al.A full-scale physical model test apparatus for investigating the dynamic performance of the slab track system of a high-speed railway [J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2016,230(2):554.
[7] 王启云,张家生,孟飞,等.高速铁路路基模型列车振动荷载模拟[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(6):43.WANG Qiyun,ZHANG Jiasheng,MENG Fei,et al.Simulation of train vibration load on the subgrade testing model of high-speed railway [J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(6):43.
[8] 杨果林,邱明明,何旭,等.膨胀土路堑基床新型防水层振动荷载下服役性能试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(5):1.YANG Guolin,QIU Mingming,HE Xu,et al.Tests for working property of water-proof layer of cutting subgrade in expansive soil under vibrating load[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(5):1.
[9] QIU M,YANG G,SHEN Q,et al.Dynamic behavior of new cutting subgrade structure of expensive soil under train loads coupling with service environment[J].Journal of Central South University,2017,24(4):875.
[10] 冷伍明,梅慧浩,聂如松,等.重载铁路路基足尺模型试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(4):1.LENG Wuming,MEI Huihao,NIE Rusong,et al.Full-scale model test of heavy haul railway subgrade [J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(4):1.
[11] 王贺,杨广庆,熊保林,等.模块面板式加筋土挡墙结构行为试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(2):487.WANG He,YANG Guangqing,XIONG Baolin,et al.An experimental study of the structural behavior of reinforced soil retaining wall with concrete-block panel [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(2):487.
[12] WANG M,CAI C,ZHU S,et al.Experimental study on dynamic performance of typical nonballasted track systems using a full-scale test rig[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2017,231(4):470.
[13] 詹永祥,蒋关鲁,牛国辉,等.高速铁路无砟轨道桩板结构路基模型试验研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2007,42(4):400.ZHAN Yongxiang,JIANG Guanlu,NIU Guohui,et al.Model test investigation of pile-plank embankment of ballastless truck for high-speed railway [J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2007,42(4):400.
[14] 姜领发,熊署丹,陈善雄,等.列车荷载作用下高铁路基速度传递规律模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(S1):265.JIANG Lingfa,XIONG shudan,CHEN Shanxiong,et al.Model test study of velocity transfer law of high-speed railway subgrade under train load [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics.2015,36(S1):265.
[15] SHAER A,DUHAMEL D,SAB K,et al.Experimental settlement and dynamic behavior of a portion of ballasted railway track under high-speed trains [J].Journal of Sound & Vibration,2008,316(1-5):211.
[16] 陈仁朋,王作洲,蒋红光,等.I 型轨道-路基系统动力荷载放大系数模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(4):1045.CHEN Renpeng,WANG Zuozhou,JIANG Hongguang,et al.Experimental study of dynamic load magnification factor for type-I track-subgrade system [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics.2013,34(4):1045.
[17] 周燕国.土结构性的剪切波速表征及对动力特性的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.ZHOU Yanguo.Shear wave velocity-based characterization of soil structure and its effects on dynamic behavior [D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2007.
[18] 陈苏,陈国兴,戚承志,等.可液化场地上三拱立柱式地铁地下车站结构地震反应特性振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(7):1899.CHEN Su,CHEN Guoxing,QI Chengzhi,et al.A shaking table-based experimental study of seismic response of three-arch type’s underground subway station in liquefiable ground [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(7):1899.
[19] CHEN G,SU C,XI Z,et al.Shaking-table tests and numerical simulations on a subway structure in soft soil [J].Soil Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering,2015,76:13.
[20] CHEN G,CHEN S,QI C,et al.Shaking table tests on a three-arch type subway station structure in a liquefiable soil [J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,2015,13(6):1675.
[21] LU X,ZHOU Y,YAN F.Shaking table test and numerical analysis of RC frames with viscous wall dampers [J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2008,134(1):64.
[22] Zhou Y,Lu X,Lu W,et al.Shake table testing of a multi-tower connected hybrid structure [J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,8(1):47.
[23] 周颖,吕西林.建筑结构振动台模型试验方法与技术.第2版[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.ZHOU Ying,LU Xilin.Method and technology for shaking table model test of building structures[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science Presss,2016.
[24] MEYMAND P J.Shaking table scale model tests of nonlinear soil-pile-superstructure interaction in soft clay [M].Berkeley:University of California,1998.
[25] BAIRRAO R,VAZ C.Shaking table testing of civil engineering structures—the LNEC 3D simulator experience [C/CD]// Proceedings 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Auckland:[s.n.],2000.
[26] 屈畅姿,王永和,魏丽敏,等.武广高速铁路路基振动现场测试与分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):1451.QU Changzi,WANG Yonghe,WEI Limin,et al.In-situ test and analysis of vibration of subgrade for Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(5):1451.
[27] 胡萍,王永和,卿启湘.改良土填筑过渡段基床底层的动力特性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,40(6):1705.HU Ping,WANG Yonghe,QING Qixiang.Dynamic performance of bridge approach subgrade with improved soil as base course [J].Journal of Central South University (Natural Science),2009,40(6):1705.
[28] 周镇勇.武广客运专线路基动力响应特性试验及数值模拟分析[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.ZHOU Zhenyong.Test and numerical simulation of dynamic response characteristics of Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway [D].Changsha:Central South University,2010.
[29] 柳教利.高速铁路湿陷性黄土地基处理试验研究[D].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2012.LIU Jiaoli.Experimental study on collapsible loess foundation treatment for high-speed railway [D].Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences,2012.
[30] 刘家顺.高速铁路风积土地基震(振)陷变形研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2012.LIU Jiashun.A study on subgrade settlement of aeolian soil aroused by earthquake loads and vibration loads of high-speed railway [D].Fuxin:Liaoning University of Engineering and Technology,2012.
[31] GU X,YANG J,HUANG M,et al.Bender element tests in dry and saturated sand:signal interpretation and result comparison [J].Soils and Foundations,2015,55(5):951.
[32] 周颖,陈瑾.高速铁路无砟轨道路基结构荷载传递规律研究[J].铁道工程学报,2016,33(5):18.ZHOU Ying,CHEN Jin.Research on the load transfer rule in ballastless track subgrade system of high-speed railway [J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2016,33(5):18.
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