高海拔强盐沼泽区桥梁桩基损伤现场模拟试验
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摘要
为了探明高海拔强盐沼泽区公路桥梁桩基受干湿循环和冻融循环的损伤状况,采用现场模拟试验,研究了桩身位置、混凝土配合比、混凝土掺合料与外防护措施等对桥梁桩基力学性能的影响,采用SEM分析、EDS分析和化学成分分析等手段探究了桩基损伤的微观机理。研究结果表明:桩基混凝土抗侵蚀能力及其内部钢筋锈蚀受桩身位置影响,对于基准混凝土试件,龄期为360 d时,水中、地表、地下0.25与1.25 m的桩基混凝土抗侵蚀系数依次为0.80、0.63、0.75和0.76,对应位置钢筋面积锈蚀率依次为76%、91%、66%和65%;桩基混凝土抗侵蚀能力受混凝土配合比与掺合料的影响,整体上掺入矿渣的混凝土抗侵蚀能力最强,龄期为360 d时,当砂子、水、碎石、减水剂、水泥、阻锈剂和膨胀剂的含量一致时,掺入87.25 kg·m~(-3)粉煤灰、21.8 kg·m~(-3)硅灰、87.25 kg·m~(-3)矿渣的混凝土试件的平均抗侵蚀系数分别为0.79、0.89、0.91;钢护筒在短期内能保护桩基混凝土不受到外界侵蚀,在长期侵蚀下保护期限一般为2～3年;从90 d龄期到360 d龄期,桩基混凝土中C元素的质量分数从0增长到9.61%,生成了越来越多的CaCO_3分子,再加上钙矾石等晶体的膨胀,使得桩基混凝土膨胀开裂。
In order to explore the damage status of highway bridge pile foundation subjected to dry-wet cycle and freeze-thaw cycle in high altitude and strong salt marsh area, the effects of pile body positions, concrete mix proportions, concrete admixtures and external protective measures on the mechanical properties of bridge pile foundation were studied by the field simulation test. The microscopic mechanism of pile foundation damage was analyzed by the SEM analysis, EDS analysis and chemical composition analysis. Research result shows that the anti-erosion ability and inner steel bar corrosion of pile foundation concrete are affected by the position of pile body. For the benchmark concrete specimens, when the curing age is 360 d, the erosion resistance coefficients of pile foundation concrete in the water, on the ground, and at the depths of 0.25 and 1.25 m are 0.80, 0.63, 0.75, and 0.76, respectively, and the corrosion rates of steel bar area at the corresponding positions are 76%, 91%, 66%, and 65%, respectively. The anti-erosion ability of pile foundation concrete is affected by the concrete mix proportion and concrete admixture, and the anti-erosion ability of the concrete with slag is the strongest on the whole. When the contents of sand, water, gravel, reducer, cement, rust inhibitor, and expansion agent are consistent, the average erosion resistance coefficients of concrete specimens with 87.25 kg·m~(-3) fly ash, 21.8 kg·m~(-3) silica ash, and 87.25 kg·m~(-3 )slag are 0.79, 0.89, and 0.91 at the curing age of 360 d, respectively. The steel casing has a protective effect on the concrete erosion in a short time, but the protection period under long-term erosion is generally 2-3 years. When the curing age changes from 90 d to 360 d, the mass fraction of element C in pile foundation concrete increases from 0 to 9.61%, so that more and more CaCO_3 molecules are produced, together with the expansion of ettringite and other crystals, resulting in the swelling and cracking of pile foundation concrete. 7 tabs, 23 figs, 30 refs.
In order to explore the damage status of highway bridge pile foundation subjected to dry-wet cycle and freeze-thaw cycle in high altitude and strong salt marsh area, the effects of pile body positions, concrete mix proportions, concrete admixtures and external protective measures on the mechanical properties of bridge pile foundation were studied by the field simulation test. The microscopic mechanism of pile foundation damage was analyzed by the SEM analysis, EDS analysis and chemical composition analysis. Research result shows that the anti-erosion ability and inner steel bar corrosion of pile foundation concrete are affected by the position of pile body. For the benchmark concrete specimens, when the curing age is 360 d, the erosion resistance coefficients of pile foundation concrete in the water, on the ground, and at the depths of 0.25 and 1.25 m are 0.80, 0.63, 0.75, and 0.76, respectively, and the corrosion rates of steel bar area at the corresponding positions are 76%, 91%, 66%, and 65%, respectively. The anti-erosion ability of pile foundation concrete is affected by the concrete mix proportion and concrete admixture, and the anti-erosion ability of the concrete with slag is the strongest on the whole. When the contents of sand, water, gravel, reducer, cement, rust inhibitor, and expansion agent are consistent, the average erosion resistance coefficients of concrete specimens with 87.25 kg·m~(-3) fly ash, 21.8 kg·m~(-3) silica ash, and 87.25 kg·m~(-3 )slag are 0.79, 0.89, and 0.91 at the curing age of 360 d, respectively. The steel casing has a protective effect on the concrete erosion in a short time, but the protection period under long-term erosion is generally 2-3 years. When the curing age changes from 90 d to 360 d, the mass fraction of element C in pile foundation concrete increases from 0 to 9.61%, so that more and more CaCO_3 molecules are produced, together with the expansion of ettringite and other crystals, resulting in the swelling and cracking of pile foundation concrete. 7 tabs, 23 figs, 30 refs.
引文
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[2] 冯忠居,谢永利,张宏光,等.“滇西红层”区大直径桥梁桩基承载力影响因素综合研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(5):540-544.FENG Zhong-ju,XIE Yong-li,ZHANG Hong-guang,et al.Comprehensive analysis on influencing factors of bearing capacity of large diameter pile foundation for red bed in West Yunnan[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(5):540-544.(in Chinese)
[3] 董芸秀,冯忠居,郝宇萌,等.岩溶区桥梁桩基承载力试验与合理嵌岩深度[J].交通运输工程学报,2018,18(6):27-36.DONG Yun-xiu,FENG Zhong-ju,HAO Yu-meng,et al.Experiment on bearing capacity of bridge pile foundations in karst areas and reasonable rock-socketed depth[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2018,18(6):27-36.(in Chinese)
[4] 冯忠居,王溪清,李孝雄,等.强震作用下的砂土液化对桩基力学特性影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2019,19(1):71-84.FENG Zhong-ju,WANG Xi-qing,LI Xiao-xiong,et al.Effect of sand liquefaction on mechanical properties of pile foundation under strong earthquake[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2019,19(1):71-84.(in Chinese)
[5] 姚贤华,冯忠居,王富春,等.复合盐浸下多元外掺剂-混凝土抗干湿-冻融循环性能[J].复合材料学报,2018,35(3):690-698.YAO Xian-hua,FENG Zhong-ju,WANG Fu-chun,et al.Property of multiple admixture-concrete in multi-salt soaking under wetting-drying and freezing-thawing cycles[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2018,35(3):690-698.(in Chinese)
[6] 姚贤华,冯忠居,管俊峰,等.不同掺合料对盐碱腐蚀条件下干湿循环后混凝土性能的影响[J].工业建筑,2018,48(3):6-10,30.YAO Xian-hua,FENG Zhong-ju,GUAN Jun-feng,et al.Influences of different admixtures on characteristics of concrete after drying wetting cycle under the saline corrosion[J].Industrial Building,2018,48(3):6-10,30.(in Chinese)
[7] 王富春,姚贤华,冯忠居,等.盐沼泽腐蚀对公路桥梁桩基础竖向极限承载力影响的数值模拟研究[J].公路,2017(1):60-66.WANG Fu-chun,YAO Xian-hua,FENG Zhong-ju,et al.Numerical simulation and research on the vertical ultimate bearing capacity impact of highway bridge pile foundation in salt marshes corrosion[J].Highway,2017(1):60-66.(in Chinese)
[8] 冯忠居,乌延玲,成超,等.板块状盐渍土的盐溶和盐胀特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(9):1439-1442.FENG Zhong-ju,WU Yan-ling,CHENG Chao,et al.Salt-dissolution and salt-heaving characteristics of plate-like saline soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(9):1439-1442.(in Chinese)
[9] 冯忠居,成超,王廷武,等.荒漠极干旱区板块状盐渍土微结构变化对其强度特性的影响分析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(7):1142-1145.FENG Zhong-ju,CHENG Chao,WANG Ting-wu,et al.Effect of microstructural changes of plate-like saline soil on its strength in extremely arid desert area[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(7):1142-1145.(in Chinese)
[10] SOROCHAN E A.Use of piles in expansive soils[J].Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1974,11(1):33-38.
[11] ALI E M,ABBADI S E M.A technical note on the probabilistic analysis of short piles on expansive soil[J].Civil Engineering Systems,1988,5(3):159-163.
[12] FERREGUT C,PICORNELL M.Reliability analysis of drilled piers in expansive soils[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1991,28(6):834-842.
[13] MOHAMEDZEIN Y E A,MOHAMED M G,EL SHARIEF A M.Finite element analysis of short piles in expansive soils[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1999,24(3):231-243.
[14] KUMAR B R P,RAO N R.Increasing pull-out capacity of granular pile anchors in expansive soils using base geosynthetics[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2000,37(4):870-881.
[15] XIAO Hong-bin,ZHANG Chun-shun,WANG Yong-he,et al.Pile-soil interaction in expansive soil foundation:analytical solution and numerical simulation[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2011,11(3):159-166.
[16] SOUNDARA B,ROBINSON R G.Hyperbolic model to evaluate uplift force on pile in expansive soils[J].KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,2017,21(3):746-751.
[17] STEWART M G,WANG Xiao-ming,NGUYEN M N.Climate change impact and risks of concrete infrastructure deterioration[J].Engineering Structures,2011,33(4):1326-1337.
[18] WEYERS R E.Service life model for concrete structures in chloride laden environments[J].ACI Materials Journal,1998,95(4):445-453.
[19] 苗如松,李青宁,白伦华,等.跨海大桥主墩桩基钢护筒腐蚀损伤识别[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2018,38(2):289-296.MIAO Ru-song,LI Qing-ning,BAI Lun-hua,et al.Damage identification for corroded steel pile casing of the cross-ocean bridge[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2018,38(2):289-296.(in Chinese)
[20] 张效忠,姚文娟.现役结构桩基小损伤高精度识别[J].北京工业大学学报,2013,39(10):1499-1504.ZHANG Xiao-zhong,YAO Wen-juan.Small damage high-precision identification of serving structural pile[J].Journal of Beljing University of Technology,2013,39(10):1499-1504.(in Chinese)
[21] 王仁华,方媛媛,窦培林,等.点蚀损伤下桩基式平台腿柱轴压极限承载力研究[J].海洋工程,2015,33(3):29-35.WANG Ren-hua,FANG Yuan-yuan,DOU Pei-lin,et al.Investigation on ultimate strength of pile-foundation platform legs with pitting corrosion subjected to axial compression[J].The Ocean Engineering,2015,33(3):29-35.(in Chinese)
[22] 赵安平,李昊洁,俞红升,等.某高桩码头桩基受力有限元分析及结构损伤研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(9):128-132,137.ZHAO An-ping,LI Hao-jie,YU Hong-sheng,et al.Finite element stress analysis and structural damage research of pile foundation of high-piled wharf[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2016,33(9):128-132,137.(in Chinese)
[23] 李肖,苏静波,吉同元,等.高桩码头桩基动力损伤识别方法[J].水运工程,2015(10):57-62.LI Xiao,SU Jing-bo,JI Tong-yuan,et al.Identification method for pile foundation’s dynamic damage of piled wharf[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2015(10):57-62.(in Chinese)
[24] 蔡忠祥,刘陕南,高承勇,等.基于混凝土损伤模型的灌注桩水平承载性状分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增2):4032-4040.CAI Zhong-xiang,LIU Shan-nan,GAO Cheng-yong,et al.Analysis of lateral response of bored piles based on concrete damaged plasticity model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S2):4032-4040.(in Chinese)
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