光合细菌强化高浓度酵母废水厌氧生物处理效果研究
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摘要
高浓酵母废水的厌氧生物处理效率对废水处理系统的运行成本和经济可行性具有至关重要的作用。该文采用光合细菌强化厌氧污泥的方法处理酵母废水,考察了废水在厌氧处理前后的化学需氧量、色度变化以及光合细菌加入前后微生物的OTU分布、厌氧污泥细菌的物种门类、污泥古菌聚类结果序列数量的变化。结果表明:光合细菌加入后,单段厌氧反应器处理酵母废水化学需氧量和色度去除率分别由原来的58.20%、47.50%显著提升至75.12%和62.04%,光合细菌强化厌氧生物处理过程效果明显。微生物多样性分析发现在厌氧污泥驯化和添加光合细菌强化过程中,优势菌种不断累积,特异性增强,物种门类数目减少。光合细菌与其他异养细菌存在共生关系,加入光合细菌后污泥中产甲烷优势群落微生物明显增多,从而提高厌氧系统的处理效果。研究结果为高浓工业有机废水的有效处理提供了参考。
Yeast industry provides enormous economic and social benefits for the sugarcane biomass industry. However, yeast industrial wastewater is characterized by high concentration of chemical oxygen demand(CODcr), high chromaticity, high concentration of sulfate and difficult biodegradation, which leads to many issues of the environment. The treatment process of wastewater has the problem that discharge water is difficult to reach the standard and its cost is too high, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of domestic yeast enterprises. Biotechnology is currently widely used, but the results are still not up to standard. Therefore, biological treatment should be supplemented by other methods for in-depth treatment. In this paper, yeast wastewater was treated by adding photosynthetic bacteria to strengthen anaerobic sludge. The ultrafiltration membrane was used to filter the separated dialysate wastewater as the test object. A small UASB anaerobic reactor was designed. The initial MLSS(mixed liquid sludge concentration) value of the inoculated sludge in the reactor was 4 820 mg/L, and the reactor temperature was kept at 32 ℃. The hydraulic retention time was 48 h, and the influent pH value was controlled between 6.8 and 7.0. At the start-up stage of the anaerobic reactor, glucose, ammonium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were used as C, N and P source, respectively, and an appropriate amount of trace elements were added to prepare a nutrient solution with a ratio of 300:5:1 of C:N:P. Yeast wastewater and nutrient solution were mixed and configured into water samples with mass concentration gradient of 3 000-3 500, 7 000-7 500, 10 000-10 500 and 14 000-15 000 mg/L, respectively. The water samples were added to the reactor in a gradient form from low concentration to high concentration, and the batch test was carried out until the organic concentration of wastewater reached the concentration of raw water. After the treatment effect of the reactor was stabilized, the photosynthetic bacteria were added to the domesticated anaerobic sludge, and the concentration of the bacterial suspension was 1.2×1010 m L-1 as determined by the Meish turbidimetry method, and the addition amount was 1 mL/L, the inflow was 900-1 000 mL with HRT of 48 h, and the continuous illumination by fluorescent lamp was used. After the reactor was stabilized, the water quality was tested and analyzed after continuous operation for 9 cycles. The CODcr and chromaticity changes of wastewater during anaerobic treatment, the OTU distribution of microorganisms during the addition of photosynthetic bacteria, the species of anaerobic sludge bacteria and sludge, and the changes in the number of archaeological clustering results were investigated. The results showed that the CODC r and chroma removal rates of yeast wastewater treated by anaerobic UASB reactor were significantly increased from 58.20% to 75.12% and 47.50% to 62.04%, respectively, which indicated that the effect of photosynthetic bacteria on the anaerobic biological treatment process has significantly increased. From the analysis of microbial diversity data, it was found that in the process of anaerobic sludge domestication and photosynthetic bacteria optimization, the dominant species was accumulated, the specificity was enhanced, and the number of species was reduced. Photosynthetic bacteria and other heterotrophic bacteria have a symbiotic relationship, and after the addition of the sludge, the dominant microorganisms of methane increased significantly, so as to improve the treatment effect of the anaerobic system. The results of this study provide a technical route for the effective treatment of high-concentration industrial organic wastewater.
Yeast industry provides enormous economic and social benefits for the sugarcane biomass industry. However, yeast industrial wastewater is characterized by high concentration of chemical oxygen demand(CODcr), high chromaticity, high concentration of sulfate and difficult biodegradation, which leads to many issues of the environment. The treatment process of wastewater has the problem that discharge water is difficult to reach the standard and its cost is too high, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of domestic yeast enterprises. Biotechnology is currently widely used, but the results are still not up to standard. Therefore, biological treatment should be supplemented by other methods for in-depth treatment. In this paper, yeast wastewater was treated by adding photosynthetic bacteria to strengthen anaerobic sludge. The ultrafiltration membrane was used to filter the separated dialysate wastewater as the test object. A small UASB anaerobic reactor was designed. The initial MLSS(mixed liquid sludge concentration) value of the inoculated sludge in the reactor was 4 820 mg/L, and the reactor temperature was kept at 32 ℃. The hydraulic retention time was 48 h, and the influent pH value was controlled between 6.8 and 7.0. At the start-up stage of the anaerobic reactor, glucose, ammonium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were used as C, N and P source, respectively, and an appropriate amount of trace elements were added to prepare a nutrient solution with a ratio of 300:5:1 of C:N:P. Yeast wastewater and nutrient solution were mixed and configured into water samples with mass concentration gradient of 3 000-3 500, 7 000-7 500, 10 000-10 500 and 14 000-15 000 mg/L, respectively. The water samples were added to the reactor in a gradient form from low concentration to high concentration, and the batch test was carried out until the organic concentration of wastewater reached the concentration of raw water. After the treatment effect of the reactor was stabilized, the photosynthetic bacteria were added to the domesticated anaerobic sludge, and the concentration of the bacterial suspension was 1.2×1010 m L-1 as determined by the Meish turbidimetry method, and the addition amount was 1 mL/L, the inflow was 900-1 000 mL with HRT of 48 h, and the continuous illumination by fluorescent lamp was used. After the reactor was stabilized, the water quality was tested and analyzed after continuous operation for 9 cycles. The CODcr and chromaticity changes of wastewater during anaerobic treatment, the OTU distribution of microorganisms during the addition of photosynthetic bacteria, the species of anaerobic sludge bacteria and sludge, and the changes in the number of archaeological clustering results were investigated. The results showed that the CODC r and chroma removal rates of yeast wastewater treated by anaerobic UASB reactor were significantly increased from 58.20% to 75.12% and 47.50% to 62.04%, respectively, which indicated that the effect of photosynthetic bacteria on the anaerobic biological treatment process has significantly increased. From the analysis of microbial diversity data, it was found that in the process of anaerobic sludge domestication and photosynthetic bacteria optimization, the dominant species was accumulated, the specificity was enhanced, and the number of species was reduced. Photosynthetic bacteria and other heterotrophic bacteria have a symbiotic relationship, and after the addition of the sludge, the dominant microorganisms of methane increased significantly, so as to improve the treatment effect of the anaerobic system. The results of this study provide a technical route for the effective treatment of high-concentration industrial organic wastewater.
引文
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[3]Zhou Y,Liang Z,Wang Y.Decolorization and COD removal of secondary yeast wastewater effluents by coagulation using aluminum sulfate[J].Desalination,2008,225(1):301-311.
[4]李友明,葛广德,胡松青,等.超滤膜处理高浓酵母废水特性的研究[J].现代食品科技,2018,34(3):108-112.Li Youming,Ge Guangde,Hu Songqing,et al.Study on the characteristics of high-concentration yeast wastewater treated by ultrafiltration membrane[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2018,34(3):108-112.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Zhou Q,Zhang P,Zhang G.Biomass and carotenoid production in photosynthetic bacteria wastewater treatment:Effects of light intensity[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,171:330-335.
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[8]李友明,葛广德,方学兴,等.高浓酵母废水中焦糖色素的提取及对污染负荷的影响[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(11):120-125.Li Youming,Ge Guangde,Fang Xuexing,et al.Extraction of caramel pigment from high-concentration yeast wastewater and its influence on pollution load[J].Journal of South China University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2017,45(11):120-125.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Hao Y,Zhu Q Z,Chen Y J,et al.Electrocardiology in physical examination of flying cadets and improvement of ladder exercise Test[J].Military Medical Journal of South China,2015,179(179C):505-509.
[10]吴盼.利用光合细菌Z08处理大豆蛋白废水效能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.Wu Pan.Study on Efficiency for Photosynthetic Bacterial Z08 Treating Soybean Protein Wastewater[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]王玉芬,张肇铭,胡筱敏,等.光合细菌球形红细菌厌氧降解氯代苯[J].中国环境科学,2007,27(1):111-115.Wang Yufen,Zhang Zhaoming,Hu Xiaomin,et al.Anaerobic degradation of chlorobenzene by phototroph Rhodobacter sphaeroides[J].China Environmental Science,2007,27(1):111-115.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]González E,Díaz O,Ruigómez I,et al.Photosynthetic bacteria-based membrane bioreactor as post-treatment of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,239:528-532.
[13]温志英,安郁琴.光合细菌在我国食品工业废水处理中的应用[J].陕西科技大学学报,2006(3):146-149.Wen Zhiying,An Yuqin.Application of photosynthetic bacteria in food industry wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,2006(3):146-149.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]林丹.多种微生物功能基因的预测和分析[D].成都:电子科技大学,2014.Lin Dan.The Prediction and Analysis of Factional Genes of Multiple Microbes[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]张少平,洪建基,邱珊莲,等.紫背天葵高通量转录组测序分析[J].园艺学报,2016,43(5):935-946.Zhang Shaoping,Hong Jianji,Qiu Shanlian,et al.Sequencing and Analysis of the Transcriptome of Gynura bicolor[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2016,43(5):935-946.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]苏冰琴,李亚新.硫酸盐还原菌厌氧颗粒污泥的形成条件[J].化工环保,2006(1):26-30.Su Bingqin,Li Yaxin.Formation conditions of anaerobic granular sludge consisted of sulfate reducing bacteria[J].Rnvironmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2006(1):26-30.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]Alonso R M,García M P,Río R S D.Performance of up-flow anaerobic fixed bed reactor of the treatment of sugar beet pulp lixiviation in a thermophilic range[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,154(2):305-312.
[18]Sánchez E,Borja R,Travieso L.Kinetics of sugar mill wastewater treatment by down-flow anaerobic fixed bed reactors[J].Bioprocess Engineering,1996,14(3):145-150.
[19]Cabreradíaz A,Peredareyes I,Olivamerencio D,et al.Anaerobic digestion of sugarcane vinasse through a methanogenic UASB reactor followed by a packed bed reactor[J].Applied Biochemistry&Biotechnology,2017,183(12):1-19.
[20]黄韵珠,李景生.光合细菌法处理啤酒厂废水的试验研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,1996(3):121-124.Huang Yunzhu,Li Jingsheng.Study on sewage treatment of beer brewery by photosynthetic bacteria[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Science Edition,1996(3):121-124.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]杨素萍,曲音波.光合细菌生物制氢[J].现代化工,2003,23(9):17-22.Yang Suping,Qu Yinbo.Photosynthetic bacteria biohydrogen production[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2003,23(9):17-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]黄翔峰,章非娟,李春鞠,等.光合细菌法处理后之糖蜜酒精废水的化学混凝处理研究[J].中国沼气,2001(1):6-10.Huang Xiangfeng,Zhang Feijuan,Li Chunju,et al.Study on coagulation of secondary effluent from PSB process[J].China Biogas,2001(1):6-10.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]孔秀琴,石小锋,任瑞芳,等.光合细菌及活性污泥法联用工艺处理明胶废水试验[J].环境工程,2010,28(3):39-42.Kong Xiuqin,Shi Xiaofeng,Ren Ruifang,et al.Experimental research on treating gelatin wastewater by the joint process of photosynthetic bacteria and activated sludge method[J].Environmental Engineering,2010,28(3):39-42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]赵亮,万全,孙德祥.光合细菌对河蟹全封闭育苗系统水质的影响[J].淡水渔业,2004(1):28-29.Zhao Liang,Wan Quan,Sun Dexiang.Effect of photosynthetic bacteria on water quality of closed crab nursery system[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2004(1):28-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]吴永强,宋鸿遇.光合细菌固氮分子生物学研究进展[J].植物生理学通讯,1991(3):161-163.Wu Yongqiang,Song Hongyu.Advance in the study on molecular biology of nitrogen fixation in photosynthetic bacteria[J].Plant Physiology Communications,1991(3):161-163.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]陈根云,俞冠路,陈悦,等.光合作用对光和二氧化碳响应的观测方法探讨[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2006,32(6):691-696.Chen Genyun,Yu Guanlu,Chen Yue,et al.Exploring the observation methods of photosynthetic responses to light and carbon dioxide[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2006,32(6):691-696.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]Ormerod J G,Ormerod K S,Gest H.Light dependent utilization of organic compounds and photoproduction of molecular hydrogen by photosynthetic bacteria,relations with nitrogen metabolism[J].Archives of Biochemistry&Biophysics,1961,94(3):449-463.
[28]韩梅,陈锡时,张良,等.光合细菌研究概况及其应用进展[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002,33(5):387-389.Han Mei,Chen Xishi,Zhang Liang,et al.General situation of photosynthetic bacteria research and its application progress[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2002,33(5):387-389.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]魏利,马放,赵立军,等.附着型硫酸盐还原菌的分离及其定量检测[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,40(6):887-890.Wei Li,Ma Fang,Zhao Lijun,et al.Isolation and quantitative detection of adhesive sulfate reducing bacteria[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2008,40(6):887-890.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]许国芹.基于厌氧折流板反应器葡萄糖产氢产甲烷研究[D].昆明:云南师范大学,2017.Xu Guoqin.The Study on Co-production of Hydrogen and Methane from Glucose using Anaerobic Baffled Reactor[D].Kunming:Yunnan Normal University,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]Gladchenko M,Starostina E,Shcherbakov S,et al.Combined biological and physico-chemical treatment of baker's yeast wastewater including removal of coloured and recalcitrant to biodegradation pollutants[J].Water Science and Technology,2004,50(5):67-72.
[3]Zhou Y,Liang Z,Wang Y.Decolorization and COD removal of secondary yeast wastewater effluents by coagulation using aluminum sulfate[J].Desalination,2008,225(1):301-311.
[4]李友明,葛广德,胡松青,等.超滤膜处理高浓酵母废水特性的研究[J].现代食品科技,2018,34(3):108-112.Li Youming,Ge Guangde,Hu Songqing,et al.Study on the characteristics of high-concentration yeast wastewater treated by ultrafiltration membrane[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2018,34(3):108-112.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Zhou Q,Zhang P,Zhang G.Biomass and carotenoid production in photosynthetic bacteria wastewater treatment:Effects of light intensity[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,171:330-335.
[6]徐华,吴文伟,马林,等.酵母废水处理试验研究[J].给水排水,2001,27(5):53-54.Xu Hua,Wu Wenwei,Ma Lin,et al.Experimental study on yeast wastewater treatment[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2001,27(5):53-54.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]周旋,刘慧,王焰新,等.酵母废水生物处理技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(3):103-107.Zhou Xuan,Liu Hui,Wang Yanxin,et al.Research progress on biological treatment technology of yeast wastewater[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,30(3):103-107.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]李友明,葛广德,方学兴,等.高浓酵母废水中焦糖色素的提取及对污染负荷的影响[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(11):120-125.Li Youming,Ge Guangde,Fang Xuexing,et al.Extraction of caramel pigment from high-concentration yeast wastewater and its influence on pollution load[J].Journal of South China University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2017,45(11):120-125.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Hao Y,Zhu Q Z,Chen Y J,et al.Electrocardiology in physical examination of flying cadets and improvement of ladder exercise Test[J].Military Medical Journal of South China,2015,179(179C):505-509.
[10]吴盼.利用光合细菌Z08处理大豆蛋白废水效能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.Wu Pan.Study on Efficiency for Photosynthetic Bacterial Z08 Treating Soybean Protein Wastewater[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]王玉芬,张肇铭,胡筱敏,等.光合细菌球形红细菌厌氧降解氯代苯[J].中国环境科学,2007,27(1):111-115.Wang Yufen,Zhang Zhaoming,Hu Xiaomin,et al.Anaerobic degradation of chlorobenzene by phototroph Rhodobacter sphaeroides[J].China Environmental Science,2007,27(1):111-115.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]González E,Díaz O,Ruigómez I,et al.Photosynthetic bacteria-based membrane bioreactor as post-treatment of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,239:528-532.
[13]温志英,安郁琴.光合细菌在我国食品工业废水处理中的应用[J].陕西科技大学学报,2006(3):146-149.Wen Zhiying,An Yuqin.Application of photosynthetic bacteria in food industry wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,2006(3):146-149.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]林丹.多种微生物功能基因的预测和分析[D].成都:电子科技大学,2014.Lin Dan.The Prediction and Analysis of Factional Genes of Multiple Microbes[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]张少平,洪建基,邱珊莲,等.紫背天葵高通量转录组测序分析[J].园艺学报,2016,43(5):935-946.Zhang Shaoping,Hong Jianji,Qiu Shanlian,et al.Sequencing and Analysis of the Transcriptome of Gynura bicolor[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2016,43(5):935-946.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]苏冰琴,李亚新.硫酸盐还原菌厌氧颗粒污泥的形成条件[J].化工环保,2006(1):26-30.Su Bingqin,Li Yaxin.Formation conditions of anaerobic granular sludge consisted of sulfate reducing bacteria[J].Rnvironmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2006(1):26-30.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]Alonso R M,García M P,Río R S D.Performance of up-flow anaerobic fixed bed reactor of the treatment of sugar beet pulp lixiviation in a thermophilic range[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,154(2):305-312.
[18]Sánchez E,Borja R,Travieso L.Kinetics of sugar mill wastewater treatment by down-flow anaerobic fixed bed reactors[J].Bioprocess Engineering,1996,14(3):145-150.
[19]Cabreradíaz A,Peredareyes I,Olivamerencio D,et al.Anaerobic digestion of sugarcane vinasse through a methanogenic UASB reactor followed by a packed bed reactor[J].Applied Biochemistry&Biotechnology,2017,183(12):1-19.
[20]黄韵珠,李景生.光合细菌法处理啤酒厂废水的试验研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,1996(3):121-124.Huang Yunzhu,Li Jingsheng.Study on sewage treatment of beer brewery by photosynthetic bacteria[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Science Edition,1996(3):121-124.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]杨素萍,曲音波.光合细菌生物制氢[J].现代化工,2003,23(9):17-22.Yang Suping,Qu Yinbo.Photosynthetic bacteria biohydrogen production[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2003,23(9):17-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]黄翔峰,章非娟,李春鞠,等.光合细菌法处理后之糖蜜酒精废水的化学混凝处理研究[J].中国沼气,2001(1):6-10.Huang Xiangfeng,Zhang Feijuan,Li Chunju,et al.Study on coagulation of secondary effluent from PSB process[J].China Biogas,2001(1):6-10.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]孔秀琴,石小锋,任瑞芳,等.光合细菌及活性污泥法联用工艺处理明胶废水试验[J].环境工程,2010,28(3):39-42.Kong Xiuqin,Shi Xiaofeng,Ren Ruifang,et al.Experimental research on treating gelatin wastewater by the joint process of photosynthetic bacteria and activated sludge method[J].Environmental Engineering,2010,28(3):39-42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]赵亮,万全,孙德祥.光合细菌对河蟹全封闭育苗系统水质的影响[J].淡水渔业,2004(1):28-29.Zhao Liang,Wan Quan,Sun Dexiang.Effect of photosynthetic bacteria on water quality of closed crab nursery system[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2004(1):28-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]吴永强,宋鸿遇.光合细菌固氮分子生物学研究进展[J].植物生理学通讯,1991(3):161-163.Wu Yongqiang,Song Hongyu.Advance in the study on molecular biology of nitrogen fixation in photosynthetic bacteria[J].Plant Physiology Communications,1991(3):161-163.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]陈根云,俞冠路,陈悦,等.光合作用对光和二氧化碳响应的观测方法探讨[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2006,32(6):691-696.Chen Genyun,Yu Guanlu,Chen Yue,et al.Exploring the observation methods of photosynthetic responses to light and carbon dioxide[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2006,32(6):691-696.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]Ormerod J G,Ormerod K S,Gest H.Light dependent utilization of organic compounds and photoproduction of molecular hydrogen by photosynthetic bacteria,relations with nitrogen metabolism[J].Archives of Biochemistry&Biophysics,1961,94(3):449-463.
[28]韩梅,陈锡时,张良,等.光合细菌研究概况及其应用进展[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002,33(5):387-389.Han Mei,Chen Xishi,Zhang Liang,et al.General situation of photosynthetic bacteria research and its application progress[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2002,33(5):387-389.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]魏利,马放,赵立军,等.附着型硫酸盐还原菌的分离及其定量检测[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,40(6):887-890.Wei Li,Ma Fang,Zhao Lijun,et al.Isolation and quantitative detection of adhesive sulfate reducing bacteria[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2008,40(6):887-890.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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