X市土壤重金属污染空间特性分析与风险评价
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摘要
主要采用内梅罗综合指数和潜在生态风险指数对X市土壤重金属Cd、Hg、As和Pb污染程度进行评价,并通过地统计学、地理信息系统(GIS)评价法以及空间自相关分析法研究土壤重金属分布空间特性。结果表明:X市土壤中Cd、Hg、As和Pb质量浓度均值分别为0.509 8、0.162 8、8.774 7、34.601 5mg/kg,受人为影响较大,特别是As和Pb;内梅罗综合污染指数得出,有8.8%、5.2%、7.8%样点分别属于轻度、中度和重度污染;总潜在生态风险指数得出,有8.7%、5.2%样点分别存在中等危害和强危害生态风险;Cd、Hg、As和Pb都存在较强的空间自相关性,总体上呈现南高北低或东高西低分布的现象,东南部的p镇有较严重的土壤重金属污染问题。
The pollution levels of Cd,Hg,As and Pb in soil of X City were mainly evaluated by Nemero comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index,and soil spatial characteristics were studied by geostatistics and geographic information system(GIS)evaluation as well as Moran's I index.Results showed that:the mean mass concentrations of Cd,Hg,As and Pb were 0.509 8,0.162 8,8.774 7 and 34.601 5 mg/kg,respectively,which was mostly affected by human influence especially As and Pb.The Nemero comprehensive pollution index showed 8.8%,5.2% and 7.8% of the samples belonging to mild,moderate and heavy pollution levels.The total potential ecological risk index showed 8.7%and 5.2%of the samples existing medium and strong hazard.Cd,Hg,As and Pb all had strong spatial autocorrelation with a distribution of high in the south and low in the north or high in the east and low in the west.There was a serious soil heavy metal pollution problem in the southeast like p town.
The pollution levels of Cd,Hg,As and Pb in soil of X City were mainly evaluated by Nemero comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index,and soil spatial characteristics were studied by geostatistics and geographic information system(GIS)evaluation as well as Moran's I index.Results showed that:the mean mass concentrations of Cd,Hg,As and Pb were 0.509 8,0.162 8,8.774 7 and 34.601 5 mg/kg,respectively,which was mostly affected by human influence especially As and Pb.The Nemero comprehensive pollution index showed 8.8%,5.2% and 7.8% of the samples belonging to mild,moderate and heavy pollution levels.The total potential ecological risk index showed 8.7%and 5.2%of the samples existing medium and strong hazard.Cd,Hg,As and Pb all had strong spatial autocorrelation with a distribution of high in the south and low in the north or high in the east and low in the west.There was a serious soil heavy metal pollution problem in the southeast like p town.
引文
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[19]张淑娟.基于GPS和GIS的精细农业田间信息采集和处理方法的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[20]赵科理,傅伟军,叶正钱,等.电子垃圾拆解区土壤重金属空间异质性及分布特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(8):3151-3159.
[21]陈彦光.基于Moran统计量的空间自相关理论发展和方法改进[J].地理研究,2009,28(6):1449-1463.
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[23]冯锦霞.基于GIS与地统计学的土壤重金属元素空间变异分析[D].长沙:中南大学,2007.
[24]于婧.基于GIS和地统计学方法的土壤养分空间变异及应用研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2007.
[25]许红卫,高克异,王珂,等.稻田土壤养分空间变异与合理取样数研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):37-43.
[26]张松林,张昆.全局空间自相关Moran指数和G系数对比研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(4):93-97.
[27]吴玉鸣.中国省域经济增长趋同的空间计量经济分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(12):101-108.
[2]张晓薇,王恩德,柏易彤.基于模糊数学综合评价法的弓长岭铁矿区土壤环境质量研究[J].金属矿山,2018(11):149-154.
[3]佚名.环境保护部和国土资源部发布全国土壤污染状况调查公报[J].油气田环境保护,2014,24(3):66.
[4] LU C F,LI A J,WANG X R,et al.The pollution evaluation and spatial distribution of soil heavy metals surrounding chemical industrial park[R].Washington,D.C.:IEEE Computer Society,2013.
[5] XIE J,WANG C Y,YI X,et al.Assessment of the geo-accumulation index on the soil pollution by heavy metals in the Shuangqiao river basin[R].Xi’an:Chang’an Uniersity,2011.
[6]蔡燕子,谢?,于淑玲,等.黄河三角洲农田土壤-作物系统重金属污染风险评估[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,54(1):48-55.
[7]孔凡彬,刘阳.单因子指数法和内梅罗指数法在土壤环境质量评价中的比较[J].甘肃科技,2014,30(3):21-22.
[8]卢聪,李涛,付义临,等.基于生物可利用性与宽浓度范围的Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法的创建——以小秦岭金矿区农田土壤为例[J].地质通报,2015,34(11):2054-2060.
[9] JING Y D,GAO B Y,MA Z Q.Potential ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metals contamination around coal gangue piles of Baodian coal mine area of Shandong,China[R].Jinan:Shandong Uniersity,2011.
[10]高翔.基于地统计学和GIS的辽中县蔬菜地适宜性评价[J].国土资源,2018(8):54-55.
[11]张红桔,赵科理,叶正钱,等.典型山核桃产区土壤重金属空间异质性及其风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(6).
[12]舒伟,陈癑,高阳俊.基于3种方法对河道底泥重金属污染评价[J].上海第二工业大学学报,2018,35(1):1-9.
[13]陈京都,戴其根,许学宏,等.江苏省典型区农田土壤及小麦中重金属含量与评价[J].生态学报,2012,32(11):3487-3496.
[14]张慧娟.异常数据检验的几种方法[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2012.
[15]宋恒飞,吴克宁,刘霈珈.土壤重金属污染评价方法研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(15):11-14.
[16] HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8).
[17]王岚,王亚平,许春雪,等.长江水系表层沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险性评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2599-2606.
[18]刘硕,吴泉源,曹学江,等.龙口煤矿区土壤重金属污染评价与空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(1).
[19]张淑娟.基于GPS和GIS的精细农业田间信息采集和处理方法的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[20]赵科理,傅伟军,叶正钱,等.电子垃圾拆解区土壤重金属空间异质性及分布特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(8):3151-3159.
[21]陈彦光.基于Moran统计量的空间自相关理论发展和方法改进[J].地理研究,2009,28(6):1449-1463.
[22] WILDING L P.Spatial variability:its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil surveys[R].Wageningen:Soil Spatial Variability,1985.
[23]冯锦霞.基于GIS与地统计学的土壤重金属元素空间变异分析[D].长沙:中南大学,2007.
[24]于婧.基于GIS和地统计学方法的土壤养分空间变异及应用研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2007.
[25]许红卫,高克异,王珂,等.稻田土壤养分空间变异与合理取样数研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):37-43.
[26]张松林,张昆.全局空间自相关Moran指数和G系数对比研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(4):93-97.
[27]吴玉鸣.中国省域经济增长趋同的空间计量经济分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(12):101-108.
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