采用等几何质点-弹簧模型的布料动态仿真方法
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摘要
为了高效实时地模拟出布料的动态效果,提出一种基于等几何分析思想的布料动态仿真方法.首先使用张量积Bézier曲面来构建布料几何模型;然后对布料的质点进行受力分析,并直接在该曲面上进行质点-弹簧模型数值求解;最后将更新后的质点的位置和速度变换到等几何布料曲面的控制顶点上,进行实时的碰撞处理.实验结果表明,该方法无需预先对布料进行三角网格剖分,可精确地表示布料几何模型;同时在较少的自由度数目下,可得到高精度的动态仿真效果,提高了仿真效率;可在CPU仿真环境下进行实时的动态仿真,适用于对实时性要求较高的虚拟试衣等工程应用领域.
In order to simulate the dynamic fabric in real time, a dynamic simulation method by isogeometric analysis is proposed. Firstly, tensor product Bézier surface is used to construct the fabric geometric model;then the mechanics analysis is performed on the mass point of the fabric, and mass-spring model is numerically solved directly on the surface; finally, the position and velocity of the updated mass points are transformed to the control points of the isogeometric fabric surface, and collision detection is performed in real time. Experimental results show that the proposed method does not need to perform triangulation on the fabric surface, and can represent the fabric geometry exactly; furthermore, high-precision dynamic simulation results can be achieved with a small number of degrees of freedom, and the simulation efficiency is improved. Real-time dynamic simulation is performed in CPU simulation environment, which is suitable for engineering applications such as virtual try-on with high real-time requirements.
In order to simulate the dynamic fabric in real time, a dynamic simulation method by isogeometric analysis is proposed. Firstly, tensor product Bézier surface is used to construct the fabric geometric model;then the mechanics analysis is performed on the mass point of the fabric, and mass-spring model is numerically solved directly on the surface; finally, the position and velocity of the updated mass points are transformed to the control points of the isogeometric fabric surface, and collision detection is performed in real time. Experimental results show that the proposed method does not need to perform triangulation on the fabric surface, and can represent the fabric geometry exactly; furthermore, high-precision dynamic simulation results can be achieved with a small number of degrees of freedom, and the simulation efficiency is improved. Real-time dynamic simulation is performed in CPU simulation environment, which is suitable for engineering applications such as virtual try-on with high real-time requirements.
引文
[1]Tamstorf R,Jones T,McCormick S F.Smoothed aggregation multigrid for cloth simulation[J].ACM Transaction on Graphics,2015,34(6):Article No.245
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[3]Cirio G,Lopez-Moreno J,Otaduy M A.Yarn-level cloth simulation with sliding persistent contacts[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2017,23(2):1152-1162
[4]Kim D E.Psychophysical testing of garment size variation using three-dimensional virtual try-on technology[J].Textile Research Journal,2016,86(4):Article No.1177
[5]Huber M,Eberhardt B,Weiskopf D.Cloth animation retrieval using a motion-shape signature[J].IEEE Computer Graphics and Application,2017,37(6):52-64
[6]Mozafary V,Payvandy P.Study and comparison techniques in fabric simulation using mass spring model[J].International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology,2016,28(5):634-689
[7]Provot X.Deformation constraint in a mass-spring model to describe rigid cloth behavior[J].Proceedings of Graphics Interface,1995,23(19):147-154
[8]Provot X.Collision and self-collision handling in cloth model dedicated to design garments[C]//Proceedings of the Computer Animation and Simulation.Heidelberg:Springer,1997:177-189
[9]Hughes T J R,Cottrell J A,Bazilevs Y.Isogeometric analysis:CAD,finite elements,NURBS,exact geometry and mesh refinement[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2005,194(39):4135-4195
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[11]Weil J.The synthesis of cloth objects[J].ACM SIGGRAPHComputer Graphics,1986,20(4):49-54
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[13]Terzopoulos D,Fleischer K.Deformable models[J].The Visual Computer,1988,4(6):306-331
[14]Terzopoulos D,Fleischer K.Modeling inelastic deformation:viscoelasticity,plasticity,fracture[J].ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics,1988,22(4):269-278
[15]Jiang C F F,Gast T,Teran J.Anisotropic elastoplasticity for cloth,knit and hair frictional contact[J].ACM Transaction on Graphics,2017,36(4):Article No.152
[16]Bridson R,Fedkiw R,Anderson J.Robust treatment of collision,contact and friction for cloth animation[J].ACM Transactions on Graphics,2002,21(3):594-603
[17]Liu Hao.Real-time three-dimensional fabric simulation system based on mass-spring model[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2007(in Chinese)(刘浩.基于质点-弹簧模型的实时三维布料模拟系统[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007)
[18]Clark J H.Hierarchical geometric models for visible surface algorithms[J].ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics,1976,10(2):267
[19]van den Bergen G.Efficient collision detection of complex deformable models using AABB trees[J].Journal of Graphics Tools,1997,2(4):1-13
[20]Zachmann G.The BoxTree:exact and fast collision detection of arbitrary polyhedra[C]//Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Simulation and Interaction in Virtual Environments.Iowa:Sive Workshop,1995:104-112
[21]Zachmann G.Virtual reality in assembly simulation:collision detection,simulation algorithms,and interaction techniques[D].Darmstadt:Darmstadt University of Technology,Department of Computer Science,2000
[22]Cheng Changjun,Wang Yingjian.Elastic mechanics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1999(in Chinese)(程昌钧,王颖坚.弹性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999)
[23]Wu Shiyong,Tian Baoguo,Li Hui,et al.Analysis of the collision of two identical elastic bodies[J].College Physics,2014,33(2):15-18(in Chinese)(吴世永,田宝国,李慧,等.两弹性体碰撞过程的分析研究[J].大学物理,2014,33(2):15-18)
[24]Zhang F Q,Wan J F,Guo J J.A new self-collision detection method for cloth simulation[J].The Open Electrical&Electronic Engineering Journal,2015,9:386-392
[25]Tang Min,Lin Jiang,Tong Ruofeng.Graphic hardware accelerated continuous collision detection between deformable objects[J].Chinese Journal of Computer,2010,33(10):2022-2030(in Chinese)(唐敏,林江,童若锋.图形硬件加速的柔性物体连续碰撞检测[J].计算机学报,2010,33(10):2022-2030)
[26]Liang Xiuxia,Han Huijian,Zhang Caiming.Survey of cloth animation based on physical simulation[J].Journal of Computer Research and Development,2014,51(1):31-40(in Chinese)(梁秀霞,韩慧健,张彩明.基于物理仿真的布料动画研究综述[J].计算机研究与发展,2014,51(1):31-40)
[27]Zhu Huaibing,Jin Xiaogang,Feng Jieqing,et al.Survey on cloth animation[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,2004,16(5):613-618(in Chinese)(朱淮冰,金小刚,冯结青,等.布料动画模拟综述[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2004,16(5):613-618)
[2]Ma G H,Ye J T,Li J T,et al.Anisotropic strain limiting for quadrilateral and triangular cloth meshes[J].Computer Graphics Forum,2016,35(1):89-99
[3]Cirio G,Lopez-Moreno J,Otaduy M A.Yarn-level cloth simulation with sliding persistent contacts[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2017,23(2):1152-1162
[4]Kim D E.Psychophysical testing of garment size variation using three-dimensional virtual try-on technology[J].Textile Research Journal,2016,86(4):Article No.1177
[5]Huber M,Eberhardt B,Weiskopf D.Cloth animation retrieval using a motion-shape signature[J].IEEE Computer Graphics and Application,2017,37(6):52-64
[6]Mozafary V,Payvandy P.Study and comparison techniques in fabric simulation using mass spring model[J].International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology,2016,28(5):634-689
[7]Provot X.Deformation constraint in a mass-spring model to describe rigid cloth behavior[J].Proceedings of Graphics Interface,1995,23(19):147-154
[8]Provot X.Collision and self-collision handling in cloth model dedicated to design garments[C]//Proceedings of the Computer Animation and Simulation.Heidelberg:Springer,1997:177-189
[9]Hughes T J R,Cottrell J A,Bazilevs Y.Isogeometric analysis:CAD,finite elements,NURBS,exact geometry and mesh refinement[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2005,194(39):4135-4195
[10]Cottrell J A,Hughes T J R,Bazilevs Y.Isogeometric analysis:toward integration of CAD and FEA[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,2009
[11]Weil J.The synthesis of cloth objects[J].ACM SIGGRAPHComputer Graphics,1986,20(4):49-54
[12]Ng N H,Grimsdale R L.Computer graphics techniques for modelling cloth[J].IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,1996,16(5):28-41
[13]Terzopoulos D,Fleischer K.Deformable models[J].The Visual Computer,1988,4(6):306-331
[14]Terzopoulos D,Fleischer K.Modeling inelastic deformation:viscoelasticity,plasticity,fracture[J].ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics,1988,22(4):269-278
[15]Jiang C F F,Gast T,Teran J.Anisotropic elastoplasticity for cloth,knit and hair frictional contact[J].ACM Transaction on Graphics,2017,36(4):Article No.152
[16]Bridson R,Fedkiw R,Anderson J.Robust treatment of collision,contact and friction for cloth animation[J].ACM Transactions on Graphics,2002,21(3):594-603
[17]Liu Hao.Real-time three-dimensional fabric simulation system based on mass-spring model[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2007(in Chinese)(刘浩.基于质点-弹簧模型的实时三维布料模拟系统[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007)
[18]Clark J H.Hierarchical geometric models for visible surface algorithms[J].ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics,1976,10(2):267
[19]van den Bergen G.Efficient collision detection of complex deformable models using AABB trees[J].Journal of Graphics Tools,1997,2(4):1-13
[20]Zachmann G.The BoxTree:exact and fast collision detection of arbitrary polyhedra[C]//Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Simulation and Interaction in Virtual Environments.Iowa:Sive Workshop,1995:104-112
[21]Zachmann G.Virtual reality in assembly simulation:collision detection,simulation algorithms,and interaction techniques[D].Darmstadt:Darmstadt University of Technology,Department of Computer Science,2000
[22]Cheng Changjun,Wang Yingjian.Elastic mechanics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1999(in Chinese)(程昌钧,王颖坚.弹性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999)
[23]Wu Shiyong,Tian Baoguo,Li Hui,et al.Analysis of the collision of two identical elastic bodies[J].College Physics,2014,33(2):15-18(in Chinese)(吴世永,田宝国,李慧,等.两弹性体碰撞过程的分析研究[J].大学物理,2014,33(2):15-18)
[24]Zhang F Q,Wan J F,Guo J J.A new self-collision detection method for cloth simulation[J].The Open Electrical&Electronic Engineering Journal,2015,9:386-392
[25]Tang Min,Lin Jiang,Tong Ruofeng.Graphic hardware accelerated continuous collision detection between deformable objects[J].Chinese Journal of Computer,2010,33(10):2022-2030(in Chinese)(唐敏,林江,童若锋.图形硬件加速的柔性物体连续碰撞检测[J].计算机学报,2010,33(10):2022-2030)
[26]Liang Xiuxia,Han Huijian,Zhang Caiming.Survey of cloth animation based on physical simulation[J].Journal of Computer Research and Development,2014,51(1):31-40(in Chinese)(梁秀霞,韩慧健,张彩明.基于物理仿真的布料动画研究综述[J].计算机研究与发展,2014,51(1):31-40)
[27]Zhu Huaibing,Jin Xiaogang,Feng Jieqing,et al.Survey on cloth animation[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,2004,16(5):613-618(in Chinese)(朱淮冰,金小刚,冯结青,等.布料动画模拟综述[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2004,16(5):613-618)
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