硫肥对春油菜幼苗生理指标和土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
该研究以春油菜幼苗为材料,采用土壤盆栽试验,设7个不同施硫(0、35、70、105、140、175、210mg·kg~(-1))处理,通过测定春油菜幼苗的株高、植株鲜重、叶绿素含量、MDA含量、SOD、POD、CAT活性、土壤全氮含量、pH、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性指标,分析不同施硫量对春油菜幼苗生理生化指标和土壤相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:在春油菜苗期施用硫肥对幼苗的农艺性状、生理生化指标和土壤酶活性均产生了一定影响。施硫量在35~105 mg·kg~(-1)范围时,对植株鲜重有明显的促进作用;施硫量在70~105 mg·kg~(-1)范围时,类胡萝卜素含量达到最高;施硫量在70~105 mg·kg~(-1)范围时,叶片中POD和CAT的活性明显升高,而MDA含量明显下降;经相关分析,MDA含量与POD活性呈极显著负相关(r=-0.92,P<0.01),与CAT活性呈显著负相关(r=-0.72,P<0.05),说明叶片MDA含量受POD和CAT活性变化的影响;施硫量高于105 mg·kg~(-1)时,土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性受到抑制;施硫量高于140 mg·kg~(-1)时,土壤过氧化氢酶活性受到抑制;随着施硫量的增加,土壤pH值和叶片SOD活性逐渐下降;经相关性分析,土壤脲酶活性和全氮含量间呈极显著正相关(r=1,P<0.01),表明土壤全氮含量受土壤脲酶活性变化的影响。由此可知,在低硫(35~105 mg·kg~(-1))条件下对春油菜幼苗生理生化指标及土壤酶活性具有一定的促进作用,而在高硫(>105mg·kg~(-1))条件下则产生抑制。
Sulfur element is a medium trace element needed for plant growth. In order to clarify the physiological and biochemical indexes and soil enzyme activity of spring rape seedlings under different sulfur applications,based on the spring rape seedlings,the seven sulfur fertilizer [0,35,70,105,140,175,210 mg·kg~(-1)]were set up by pot experiment,and the plant height,plant fresh weight,the content of chlorophyll and MDA,the activities of SOD,POD and CAT of leaves,the content of soil total nitrogen,p H and the activity of invertas and catalase were measured respectively. The results were as follows: Sulfur application had certain influence on the agronomic characters,physiological and biochemical indexes of spring rape seedlings and soil enzyme activity. In a range of sulfur application( 35~(-1)05 mg·kg~(-1)) the plant fresh weight was significantly promoted,carotenoid content was the highest when sulfure fertilization was 70~(-1)05 mg·kg~(-1); In a range of sulfur application( 75~(-1)05 mg·kg~(-1)),the activities of POD and CAT in leaves were significantly increased,but the content of MDA in leaves was significantly decreased; According to correlation analysis,an extremely negative correlation was observed with MDA content and POD activity( r =-0.92,P<0.01),and a significant negative correlation was observed with MDA content and CAT activity( r =-0.72,P<0.05),indicating that MDA content is affected by the POD and CAT activities; The activities of invertase and urease in soil were inhibited with sulfur application higher than 105 mg·kg~(-1),the activity of catalase in soil was inhibited with sulfur application higher than 140 mg·kg~(-1); with the increase of sulfur fertilizer,the activity of SOD in leaves and soil p H showed decreasing trends; according to correlation analysis,an extremely positive correlation was observed between the content of total nitrogen and the activity of urease( r = 1,P < 0.01),indicating that soil total nitrogen content is affected by the soil urease activity. Therefore,physiological and biochemical indexes of spring rape seedlings and soil enzyme activity were promoted with low sulfur application( 35~(-1)05 mg · kg~(-1)),while these indexes were inhibited with high sulfur application( >105 mg·kg~(-1)). This study can provide some theory reference for sulfur fertilization of spring rape.
Sulfur element is a medium trace element needed for plant growth. In order to clarify the physiological and biochemical indexes and soil enzyme activity of spring rape seedlings under different sulfur applications,based on the spring rape seedlings,the seven sulfur fertilizer [0,35,70,105,140,175,210 mg·kg~(-1)]were set up by pot experiment,and the plant height,plant fresh weight,the content of chlorophyll and MDA,the activities of SOD,POD and CAT of leaves,the content of soil total nitrogen,p H and the activity of invertas and catalase were measured respectively. The results were as follows: Sulfur application had certain influence on the agronomic characters,physiological and biochemical indexes of spring rape seedlings and soil enzyme activity. In a range of sulfur application( 35~(-1)05 mg·kg~(-1)) the plant fresh weight was significantly promoted,carotenoid content was the highest when sulfure fertilization was 70~(-1)05 mg·kg~(-1); In a range of sulfur application( 75~(-1)05 mg·kg~(-1)),the activities of POD and CAT in leaves were significantly increased,but the content of MDA in leaves was significantly decreased; According to correlation analysis,an extremely negative correlation was observed with MDA content and POD activity( r =-0.92,P<0.01),and a significant negative correlation was observed with MDA content and CAT activity( r =-0.72,P<0.05),indicating that MDA content is affected by the POD and CAT activities; The activities of invertase and urease in soil were inhibited with sulfur application higher than 105 mg·kg~(-1),the activity of catalase in soil was inhibited with sulfur application higher than 140 mg·kg~(-1); with the increase of sulfur fertilizer,the activity of SOD in leaves and soil p H showed decreasing trends; according to correlation analysis,an extremely positive correlation was observed between the content of total nitrogen and the activity of urease( r = 1,P < 0.01),indicating that soil total nitrogen content is affected by the soil urease activity. Therefore,physiological and biochemical indexes of spring rape seedlings and soil enzyme activity were promoted with low sulfur application( 35~(-1)05 mg · kg~(-1)),while these indexes were inhibited with high sulfur application( >105 mg·kg~(-1)). This study can provide some theory reference for sulfur fertilization of spring rape.
引文
AHMAD G,JAN A,ARIF MJ,et al.,2007.Influence of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on quality of canola(Brassica napus L.)under rainfed conditions[J].J Zhejiang Univ Sci B,8(10):731-737.
ALI N,TEYMUR K,2015.Inoculation of rapeseed under different rates of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer:Impact on water relations,cell membrane stability,chlorophyll content and yield[J].Arch Agron Soil Sci,61(8):1137-1149.
BAI DS,A YXM,XU F,et al.,2009.Effect of sulphuric fertilizers supplyon N,S up take and yield of oil rapeseed[J].Chin J Oil Crop Sci,31(1):86-89.[白灯莎·买买提艾力,阿依夏木,徐舫,等,2009.3种含硫肥料对油菜干物质累积、氮硫吸收及产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,31(1):86-89.]
CUI YS,WANG QR,2008.Effect of different types of sulphur fertilizer on oilseed rape zinc up take[J].Chin J EcoAgric,16(1):113-116.[崔岩山,王庆仁,2008.不同种类硫肥对油菜吸锌的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,16(1):113-116.]
CANG J,ZHAO HJ,2014.Experimental course in plant physiology[M].Beijing:Advanced Education Press:145-153.[苍晶,赵会杰,2014.植物生理学试验教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社:145-153.]
CAI SN,ZHOU JH,ZHANG Y,et al.,2015.Effect of different application rate of sulfur fertilizer on growth and physiological and biochemical indexes of tobacco[J].Crop Res,29(2):170-172.[蔡赛男,周冀衡,张毅,等,2015.不同硫肥施用量对烤烟生长和生理生化指标的影响[J].作物研究,29(2):170-172.]
DU DZ,XIAO L,ZHAO Z,et al.,2018.Advances in genetic breeding of spring rapeseed in China[J].Chin J Oil Crop Sci,40(5):633-639.[杜德志,肖麓,赵志,等,2018.我国春油菜遗传育种研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,40(5):633-639.]
GRANT CA,HALHI SS,KARAMANOS RE,2012.Sulfur management forrapeseed[J].Field Crops Res,128:119-128.
JAMAL A,MOON YS,ABDIN MZ,2010.Sulphur-A general overview and interaction with nitrogen[J].Aus J Crop Sci,4(7):523-529.
KRZYSZT J,KIJEWSKI,GROTH D,et al.,2015.The effect of sulfur fertilization on macronutrient concentrations in the post-harvest biomass of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.ssp.oleifera Metzg)[J].J Elem,20(3):585-597.
KATARZYNA P,BOGDAN K,WIKTOR H,et al.,2018.Response of oilseed rape leaves to sulfur and boron foliar application[J].ACTA Physiol Plant,40:169.
LIU J,ZHANG HT,YIN Y,et al.,2017.Effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on antioxidant metabolism of rice seed germinated under drought stress[J].J Southern Agric,48(1):31-37.[刘晶,张鹤婷,殷悦,等,2017.外源硫化氢对干旱胁迫下萌发水稻种子抗氧化代谢的影响[J].南方农业学报,48(1):31-37.]
MA YH,DING RX,2000.Effects of selenium-sulfur interaction on sulfur absorption and accumulation of tobacco[J].J Chin Soil Sci,31(5):232-235.[马友华,丁瑞兴,2000.硒和硫相互作用对烟草硫吸收与积累的影响[J].土壤通报,31(5):232-235.]
NIE J,LIU ZP,2018.Application effect of secondary and microelement sulfate fertilizers in hybrid rape[J].Agric Technol,(4).[聂俊,刘忠培,2018.中微量元素硫肥在杂交油菜生产上的应用效果[J].农业与技术,(4).]
SONG J,XU Q,TIAN H,et al.,2018.Current situation and problem of conventional nutrient management of spring rapeseed in Qinghai Province[J].Soils,50(5):888-893.[宋佳,徐倩,田汇,等,2018.青海春油菜养分管理现状调查与分析[J].土壤,50(5):888-893.]
SHENG HY,2012.Soil science experimental practice course[M].Xining:Qinghai People's Publishing House:39-75.[盛海彦,2012.土壤学实验实习教程[M].西宁:青海人民出版社:39-75.]
WANG F,ZHU YJ,LU L,2007.Sulphur in soil and its transformations[J].Chin Agric Bull,23(5):249-253.[王凡,朱云集,路玲,2007.土壤中的硫素及其转化研究综述[J].中国农学通报,23(5):249-253.]
XU ZC,WANG L,XIAO HQ,et al.,2007.Distribution characters of sulfur in flue-cured tobacco leaf and available sulfur in soil in Hunan tobacco growing areas[J].Chin JAppl Ecol,18(11):119-123.[许自成,王林,肖汉乾,等,2007.湖南烟区烤烟硫含量与土壤有效硫含量的分布特点[J].应用生态学报,18(11):119-123.]
XU Y,HE LL,HUANG SJ,et al.,2017.Effects of sulfurapplication mode and time on nutritional quality and photosynthetic characteristics of non-heading Chinese cabbage[J].Jiangsu Agric Sci,45(23):115-120.[徐瑶,何玲莉,黄思杰,等,2017.施硫方式及时期对不结球白菜营养品质与光合特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,45(23):115-120.]
YANG S,WU SJ,ZHOU WZ,et al.,2016.A study on acidic buffering ability of soils and its affecting factors in three gorges region[J].Resour Environ Yangtze Basin,25(1):163-170.[杨杉,吴胜军,周文佐,等,2016.三峡库区典型土壤酸碱缓冲性能及其影响因素研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,25(1):163-170.]
ZOU LN,DAI YX,QIU WD,et al.,2018.Effect of sulfur on the bioavailability of arsenic in soil and its accumulation in rice plant[J].J Agro-Environ Sci,37(7):1435-1447.[邹丽娜,戴玉霞,邱伟迪,等,2018.硫素对土壤砷生物有效性与水稻吸收的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,37(7):1435-1447.]
ZHANG YJ,ZHU JF,HUANG HT,et al.,2015.Effects of interactions between irrigation and sulphur on physiological and biochemical indices and chemical components in flue-cured tobacco[J].Water Saving Irrigation,(7):9-13.[张雅杰,朱金峰,黄海棠,等,2015.水硫互作对烤烟叶片生理生化指标和化学成分的影响[J].节水灌溉,(7):9-13.]
ZHU YH,TU NM,XIAO HQ,et al.,2008.Effect of sulfur on the growth and physiological and biochemical indices of flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tab Sin,14(4):28-32.[朱英华,屠乃美,肖汉乾,等,2008.硫对烤烟生长发育及生理生化指标的影响[J].中国烟草学报,14(4):28-32.]
ZHENG SZ,LIU ZL,2015.Advances on the availability of sulphur fertilizers for soil quality and biology[J].J Shandong Agric Univ(Nat Sci Ed),46(5):688-693.[郑诗樟,刘志良,2015.硫肥对土壤质量和生物有效性的研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),46(5):688-693.]
ZHENG SZ,2012.Effects of sulphur fertilizer on soil properties,heavy metal forms and crop growth[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University:7-9.[郑诗樟,2012.硫肥对土壤性质、重金属形态和作物生长的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学:7-9.]
ALI N,TEYMUR K,2015.Inoculation of rapeseed under different rates of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer:Impact on water relations,cell membrane stability,chlorophyll content and yield[J].Arch Agron Soil Sci,61(8):1137-1149.
BAI DS,A YXM,XU F,et al.,2009.Effect of sulphuric fertilizers supplyon N,S up take and yield of oil rapeseed[J].Chin J Oil Crop Sci,31(1):86-89.[白灯莎·买买提艾力,阿依夏木,徐舫,等,2009.3种含硫肥料对油菜干物质累积、氮硫吸收及产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,31(1):86-89.]
CUI YS,WANG QR,2008.Effect of different types of sulphur fertilizer on oilseed rape zinc up take[J].Chin J EcoAgric,16(1):113-116.[崔岩山,王庆仁,2008.不同种类硫肥对油菜吸锌的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,16(1):113-116.]
CANG J,ZHAO HJ,2014.Experimental course in plant physiology[M].Beijing:Advanced Education Press:145-153.[苍晶,赵会杰,2014.植物生理学试验教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社:145-153.]
CAI SN,ZHOU JH,ZHANG Y,et al.,2015.Effect of different application rate of sulfur fertilizer on growth and physiological and biochemical indexes of tobacco[J].Crop Res,29(2):170-172.[蔡赛男,周冀衡,张毅,等,2015.不同硫肥施用量对烤烟生长和生理生化指标的影响[J].作物研究,29(2):170-172.]
DU DZ,XIAO L,ZHAO Z,et al.,2018.Advances in genetic breeding of spring rapeseed in China[J].Chin J Oil Crop Sci,40(5):633-639.[杜德志,肖麓,赵志,等,2018.我国春油菜遗传育种研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,40(5):633-639.]
GRANT CA,HALHI SS,KARAMANOS RE,2012.Sulfur management forrapeseed[J].Field Crops Res,128:119-128.
JAMAL A,MOON YS,ABDIN MZ,2010.Sulphur-A general overview and interaction with nitrogen[J].Aus J Crop Sci,4(7):523-529.
KRZYSZT J,KIJEWSKI,GROTH D,et al.,2015.The effect of sulfur fertilization on macronutrient concentrations in the post-harvest biomass of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.ssp.oleifera Metzg)[J].J Elem,20(3):585-597.
KATARZYNA P,BOGDAN K,WIKTOR H,et al.,2018.Response of oilseed rape leaves to sulfur and boron foliar application[J].ACTA Physiol Plant,40:169.
LIU J,ZHANG HT,YIN Y,et al.,2017.Effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on antioxidant metabolism of rice seed germinated under drought stress[J].J Southern Agric,48(1):31-37.[刘晶,张鹤婷,殷悦,等,2017.外源硫化氢对干旱胁迫下萌发水稻种子抗氧化代谢的影响[J].南方农业学报,48(1):31-37.]
MA YH,DING RX,2000.Effects of selenium-sulfur interaction on sulfur absorption and accumulation of tobacco[J].J Chin Soil Sci,31(5):232-235.[马友华,丁瑞兴,2000.硒和硫相互作用对烟草硫吸收与积累的影响[J].土壤通报,31(5):232-235.]
NIE J,LIU ZP,2018.Application effect of secondary and microelement sulfate fertilizers in hybrid rape[J].Agric Technol,(4).[聂俊,刘忠培,2018.中微量元素硫肥在杂交油菜生产上的应用效果[J].农业与技术,(4).]
SONG J,XU Q,TIAN H,et al.,2018.Current situation and problem of conventional nutrient management of spring rapeseed in Qinghai Province[J].Soils,50(5):888-893.[宋佳,徐倩,田汇,等,2018.青海春油菜养分管理现状调查与分析[J].土壤,50(5):888-893.]
SHENG HY,2012.Soil science experimental practice course[M].Xining:Qinghai People's Publishing House:39-75.[盛海彦,2012.土壤学实验实习教程[M].西宁:青海人民出版社:39-75.]
WANG F,ZHU YJ,LU L,2007.Sulphur in soil and its transformations[J].Chin Agric Bull,23(5):249-253.[王凡,朱云集,路玲,2007.土壤中的硫素及其转化研究综述[J].中国农学通报,23(5):249-253.]
XU ZC,WANG L,XIAO HQ,et al.,2007.Distribution characters of sulfur in flue-cured tobacco leaf and available sulfur in soil in Hunan tobacco growing areas[J].Chin JAppl Ecol,18(11):119-123.[许自成,王林,肖汉乾,等,2007.湖南烟区烤烟硫含量与土壤有效硫含量的分布特点[J].应用生态学报,18(11):119-123.]
XU Y,HE LL,HUANG SJ,et al.,2017.Effects of sulfurapplication mode and time on nutritional quality and photosynthetic characteristics of non-heading Chinese cabbage[J].Jiangsu Agric Sci,45(23):115-120.[徐瑶,何玲莉,黄思杰,等,2017.施硫方式及时期对不结球白菜营养品质与光合特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,45(23):115-120.]
YANG S,WU SJ,ZHOU WZ,et al.,2016.A study on acidic buffering ability of soils and its affecting factors in three gorges region[J].Resour Environ Yangtze Basin,25(1):163-170.[杨杉,吴胜军,周文佐,等,2016.三峡库区典型土壤酸碱缓冲性能及其影响因素研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,25(1):163-170.]
ZOU LN,DAI YX,QIU WD,et al.,2018.Effect of sulfur on the bioavailability of arsenic in soil and its accumulation in rice plant[J].J Agro-Environ Sci,37(7):1435-1447.[邹丽娜,戴玉霞,邱伟迪,等,2018.硫素对土壤砷生物有效性与水稻吸收的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,37(7):1435-1447.]
ZHANG YJ,ZHU JF,HUANG HT,et al.,2015.Effects of interactions between irrigation and sulphur on physiological and biochemical indices and chemical components in flue-cured tobacco[J].Water Saving Irrigation,(7):9-13.[张雅杰,朱金峰,黄海棠,等,2015.水硫互作对烤烟叶片生理生化指标和化学成分的影响[J].节水灌溉,(7):9-13.]
ZHU YH,TU NM,XIAO HQ,et al.,2008.Effect of sulfur on the growth and physiological and biochemical indices of flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tab Sin,14(4):28-32.[朱英华,屠乃美,肖汉乾,等,2008.硫对烤烟生长发育及生理生化指标的影响[J].中国烟草学报,14(4):28-32.]
ZHENG SZ,LIU ZL,2015.Advances on the availability of sulphur fertilizers for soil quality and biology[J].J Shandong Agric Univ(Nat Sci Ed),46(5):688-693.[郑诗樟,刘志良,2015.硫肥对土壤质量和生物有效性的研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),46(5):688-693.]
ZHENG SZ,2012.Effects of sulphur fertilizer on soil properties,heavy metal forms and crop growth[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University:7-9.[郑诗樟,2012.硫肥对土壤性质、重金属形态和作物生长的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学:7-9.]
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