应用于民航机场风切变探测与预警的三维激光测风雷达
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摘要
针对民航机场风切变探测与预警,研制了一种三维激光测风雷达,采用全光纤脉冲相干探测体制,结合独特的二维光电扫描球结构,以及新的下滑道扫描策略,以实现下滑道迎头风与侧风切变的同时测量.2018年3月至11月,利用该雷达在多种工作模式下对攀枝花机场上空及周边大气风场与风切变进行了探测试验.在3月至5月大风季节期间,机组报告的风切变均成功被雷达探测.对一次典型个例进行分析,验证了所研制的三维激光测风雷达在地理气候复杂的高原机场风切变探测的有效性.
For wind shear detection and early warning in civil aviation airport,a three-dimensional lidar was proposed.The lidar adopts pulse coherent detective way of all-fiber,a unique spherical 2D photoelectric scanner and an innovative glide scanning strategy, which realizes the simultaneous measurement of head wind and crosswind shear of glide path.The lidar was tested at Panzhihua Airport from March to November in 2018,which observed the detailed distribution of atmospheric flow and wind shear over and around the airport using a variety of working modes.During the wind season from March to May,the wind shear reported by the crew was detected by the lidar.The most serious case was analyzed,which proved the effectiveness of the 3D lidar in detecting wind shear in the altitude airport with complex geography and climate.
For wind shear detection and early warning in civil aviation airport,a three-dimensional lidar was proposed.The lidar adopts pulse coherent detective way of all-fiber,a unique spherical 2D photoelectric scanner and an innovative glide scanning strategy, which realizes the simultaneous measurement of head wind and crosswind shear of glide path.The lidar was tested at Panzhihua Airport from March to November in 2018,which observed the detailed distribution of atmospheric flow and wind shear over and around the airport using a variety of working modes.During the wind season from March to May,the wind shear reported by the crew was detected by the lidar.The most serious case was analyzed,which proved the effectiveness of the 3D lidar in detecting wind shear in the altitude airport with complex geography and climate.
引文
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[18] JIANG Li-hui,YAN Yan,XIONG Xing-long,et al.Doppler lidar alerting algorithm of low-level wind shear based on ramps detection[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2016,45(1):010600.蒋立辉,闫妍,熊兴隆,等.基于斜坡检测的多普勒激光雷达低空风切变预警算法[J].红外与激光工程,2016,45(1):010600.
[19] CHEN Yong,AN Jun-ling,LIN Jian,et al.Observation of nocturnal low-level wind shear and particulate matter in urban Beijing using a Doppler wind lidar[J].Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters,2017,10(6):411-417.
[20] FAN Qi,ZHU Ke-yun,ZHENG Jia-feng,et al.Detection performance analysis of all-fiber coherent wind lidar under different weather types[J].Chinese Journal of Laser,2017,44(22):0210003.范琪,朱克云,郑佳锋,等.不同天气类型下全光纤相干激光测风雷达探测性能分析[J].中国激光,2017,44(22):0210003.
[21] LI Ce,ZHOU Jie,LUO Xiong,et al.Technical research of a 3Dwind lidar[J].Laser Technology,2017,41(5):703-707.李策,周杰,罗雄,等.3维激光测风雷达技术研究[J].激光技术2017,41(5):703-707.
[22] HU Ming-bao,TAN Shu-qing,TANG Da-zhang,et al.A study on the method for detection low-level wind shear over airport with single Doppler radar[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,2000,23(1):113-118.胡明宝,谈曙青,汤达章,等.单部多卜勒天气雷达探测低空风切变方法[J].南京气象学院学报,2000,23(1):113-118.
[23] CHAN P W,HON K K,SHIN D K.Combined use of headwind ramps and gradients based on LIDAR data in the alerting of low-level windshear/turbulence[J].Meteorologische Zeitschrift,2011,20(6):661-670.
[2] COUNCIL N.Low-altitude wind shear and its hazard to aviation[M].Low-altitude wind shear and its hazard to aviation:National Academy Press,1983.
[3] JIN Chang-jiang,ZHANG Hong,ZHU Ren-biao,et al.A study on low level windshear risk estimation criterion[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,1992,13(10):481-486.金长江,张洪,朱仁标,等.低空风切变危险尺度研究[J].航空学报,1992,13(10):481-486.
[4] WANG Qing-mei,GUO Li-le.Development of lidar in detection of low altitude wind shear[J].Laser&Infrared,2012,42(12):1324-1328.王青梅,郭利乐.激光雷达在机场低空风切变探测中的应用[J].激光与红外,2012,42(12):1324-1328.
[5] ANFOSSI D,OETTL D,DEGRAZIA G,et al.An analysis of sonic anemometer observations in low wind speed conditions[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2005,114(1):179-203.
[6] ARMIJO L.A theory for the determination of wind and precipitation velocities with Doppler radars[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1972,26(3):570-573.
[7] HANNON S M.Autonomous infrared doppler radar:airport surveillance applications[J].Physics&Chemistry of the Earth Part B Hydrology Oceans&Atmosphere,2000,25(10-12):1005-1011.
[8] HANNON S M,THOMSON J A L, HENDERSON S W,et al. Windshear,turbulence,and wake vortex characterization using pulsed solid state coherent lidar[C].SPIE,1995,2464:94-102.
[9] ZHANG Hong-wei,WU Song-hua,YIN Jia-ping,et al.Airport low-level wind shear observation based on short-range CDL[J].Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,2018,37(4):468-476.张洪玮,吴松华,尹嘉萍等.基于短距相干激光测风雷达的机场低空风切变观测[J].红外与毫米波学报,2018,37(4):468-476.
[10] DOLFI-BOUTEYRE A,CANAT G,VALLA M,et al.Pulsed 1.5μm LIDAR for axial aircraft wake vortex detection based on high-brightness large-core fiber amplifier[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2009,15(2):441-450.
[11] SMALIKHO I N,BANAKH V A.Estimation of aircraft wake vortex parameters from data measured with a 1.5μm coherent Doppler lidar[J].Optics Letters,2015,40(14):3408-3411.
[12] SHUN C M,CHAN P W.Applications of an infrared Doppler lidar in detection of wind shear[J].Journal of Atmospheric&Oceanic Technology,2007,25(5):637-655.
[13] HAVERDINGS H,CHAN P W.Quick access recorder(QAR)data analysis software for wind shear and turbulence studies[J].Journal of Aircraft,2010,47(4):1443-1447.
[14] CHAN P W,LEE Y F.Application of a ground-based,multi-channel microwave radiometer to the alerting of low-level windshear at an airport[J].Meteorologische Zeitschrift,2011,20(4):423-429.
[15] CHAN P W,LEE Y F.Application of short-range lidar in wind shear alerting[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2012,29(2):207-220.
[16] CHAN P W.Application of LIDAR-based F-factor in windshear alerting[J].Meteorologische Zeitschrift,2012,21(2):193-204.
[17] HON K K,CHAN P W.Application of LIDAR-derived eddy dissipation rate profiles in low-level wind shear and turbulence alerts at Hong Kong International Airport[J].Meteorological Applications,2014,21(1):74-85.
[18] JIANG Li-hui,YAN Yan,XIONG Xing-long,et al.Doppler lidar alerting algorithm of low-level wind shear based on ramps detection[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2016,45(1):010600.蒋立辉,闫妍,熊兴隆,等.基于斜坡检测的多普勒激光雷达低空风切变预警算法[J].红外与激光工程,2016,45(1):010600.
[19] CHEN Yong,AN Jun-ling,LIN Jian,et al.Observation of nocturnal low-level wind shear and particulate matter in urban Beijing using a Doppler wind lidar[J].Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters,2017,10(6):411-417.
[20] FAN Qi,ZHU Ke-yun,ZHENG Jia-feng,et al.Detection performance analysis of all-fiber coherent wind lidar under different weather types[J].Chinese Journal of Laser,2017,44(22):0210003.范琪,朱克云,郑佳锋,等.不同天气类型下全光纤相干激光测风雷达探测性能分析[J].中国激光,2017,44(22):0210003.
[21] LI Ce,ZHOU Jie,LUO Xiong,et al.Technical research of a 3Dwind lidar[J].Laser Technology,2017,41(5):703-707.李策,周杰,罗雄,等.3维激光测风雷达技术研究[J].激光技术2017,41(5):703-707.
[22] HU Ming-bao,TAN Shu-qing,TANG Da-zhang,et al.A study on the method for detection low-level wind shear over airport with single Doppler radar[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,2000,23(1):113-118.胡明宝,谈曙青,汤达章,等.单部多卜勒天气雷达探测低空风切变方法[J].南京气象学院学报,2000,23(1):113-118.
[23] CHAN P W,HON K K,SHIN D K.Combined use of headwind ramps and gradients based on LIDAR data in the alerting of low-level windshear/turbulence[J].Meteorologische Zeitschrift,2011,20(6):661-670.
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