盐碱地改良剂与肥料混施对土壤pH值及玉米生长发育的影响
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摘要
我国土地盐碱化日益严重,农业可持续发展受到严重阻碍,盐碱地改良迫在眉睫。以玉米先玉335为研究对象,在山西省清徐县徐沟镇的盐碱地条件下,探究新型改良剂乙酰化葡萄糖与尿素、磷肥和有机肥的不同配施组合对土壤的改良效果及对玉米生长发育的影响。结果表明,乙酰化葡萄糖、尿素、磷肥和有机肥混合施用对盐碱地改良效果最为显著,土壤pH值与对照相比降低了0.32;玉米叶片的SPAD值提高了50.834,净光合作用速率提高了21.8μmol/(m~2·s);玉米拔节期和收获期的株高与茎粗均有极大增加,分别增加了45.99,0.36 cm和77.13,0.50 cm;玉米穗长、单穗质量、百粒质量以及穗粒数均有极大增加,分别增大了5.06 cm、118.216 g、11.123 g和271.8粒。改良剂乙酰化葡萄糖与肥料的混合施用能促进作物生长并改善土壤理化性状,其可以作为未来盐碱地改良的重要措施之一。
The salinization of land in China is becoming more and more serious, and the sustainable development of agriculture is seriously hindered.Taking corn Xianyu 335 as the research object in this experiment, the effects of different combinations of acetylated glucose,urea,phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer on soil character improvement effect and effects of maize growth and development were investigated under the saline and alkaline land conditions in Xugou Town,Qingxu County,Shanxi Province. The results showed that the combination of acetylated glucose,urea,phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer had the most significant effect on the improvement of saline-alkali land. The pH of the soil was 0.32 lower than that of the control(without any treatment). The SPAD value of maize leaves increased by 50.834 and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 21.8 μmol/(m~2·s). The plant height and stem diameter of maize at seedling uprooting stage and harvest stage increased by 45.99,0.36 cm and 77.13,0.50 cm,respectively. The ear length,ear weight,100-grain weight and grain number per ear of maize increased by 5.06 cm,118.216 g,11.123 g and 271.8 grains,respectively. The combination of acetylated glucose and fertilizer can promote crop growth and improve soil properties,which can be used as one of the important measures to improve saline-alkali land in the future.
The salinization of land in China is becoming more and more serious, and the sustainable development of agriculture is seriously hindered.Taking corn Xianyu 335 as the research object in this experiment, the effects of different combinations of acetylated glucose,urea,phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer on soil character improvement effect and effects of maize growth and development were investigated under the saline and alkaline land conditions in Xugou Town,Qingxu County,Shanxi Province. The results showed that the combination of acetylated glucose,urea,phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer had the most significant effect on the improvement of saline-alkali land. The pH of the soil was 0.32 lower than that of the control(without any treatment). The SPAD value of maize leaves increased by 50.834 and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 21.8 μmol/(m~2·s). The plant height and stem diameter of maize at seedling uprooting stage and harvest stage increased by 45.99,0.36 cm and 77.13,0.50 cm,respectively. The ear length,ear weight,100-grain weight and grain number per ear of maize increased by 5.06 cm,118.216 g,11.123 g and 271.8 grains,respectively. The combination of acetylated glucose and fertilizer can promote crop growth and improve soil properties,which can be used as one of the important measures to improve saline-alkali land in the future.
引文
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[2] 胡一,韩霁昌,张扬.盐碱地改良技术研究综述[J].陕西农业科学,2015,61(2):67-71.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0488-5368.2015.02.023.Hu Y,Han J C,Zhang Y.Review of research on saline-alkali land improvement technology[J].Shaanxi Agricultural Science,2015,61(2):67-71.
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[4] 孙宇男,耿玉辉,赵兰坡.硫酸铝改良苏打盐碱土后各离子的变化[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(23):255-258.Sun Y N,Geng Y H,Zhao L P.Changes of various ions in soda saline-alkali soil modified by aluminum sulfate [J].China Agricultural Bulletin,2011,27(23):255-258.
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[6] 金凤鹤,西崎泰,山口达明,尹怀宁,白鸿祥,郑应顺.东北地区内陆苏打盐渍土旱作玉米实施泥炭改良的研究[J].生态学杂志,1998(1):17-22,35.doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.1998.0004.Jin F H,Xi Q T,Shankou D M,Yin H N,Bai H X,Zheng Y S.Study on peat improvement of dry-cropping maize in inland soda saline soil in Northeast China [J].Journal of Ecology,1998(1):17-22,35.
[7] 卢星辰,张济世,苗琪,蒋曦龙,徐黎明,刘志鑫,季增诚,崔振岭.不同改良物料及其配施组合对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱土的改良效果[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):326-332.doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.06.051.Lu X C,Zhang J S,Miao Q,Jiang X L,Xu L M,Liu Z X,Ji Z C,Cui Z L.Effects of different improved materials and their combination on saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta [J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(6):326-332.
[8] 张冰,阎永康,李建军,张全发,王静.盐碱地土壤改良剂和覆膜栽培的增产效应与技术经济评价[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(6):549-551,561.doi:1002-2481(2011)06-0549-03.Zhang B,Yan Y K,Li J J,Zhang Q F,Wang J.Effects of soil modifier and mulching on yield increase and technical and economic evaluation in saline-alkali land[J].Shanxi Agricultural Science,2011,39(6):549-551,561.
[9] 李伟伟,王永亮,郭军玲,郭彩霞,杨治平.苏打盐化土地膜覆盖条件下关键盐分指标动态变化[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(7):1156-1161,1185.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2018.07.25.Zhang W W,Wang Y L,Guo J L,Guo C X,Yang Z P.Dynamic changes of key salt index under the condition of soda salinized soil film mulching[J].Shanxi Agricultural Science,2018,46(7):1156-1161,1185.
[10] 陈玉水,卢川北.玉米穗位高与株高的相关研究[J].广西农业科学,2004(2):111.doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2004.02.010.Chen Y S,Lu C.Correlation between ear height and plant height in maize[J].Guangxi Agricultural Science,2004(2):111.
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[15] 张向前,钱益亮.秸秆覆盖对玉米生长、光合及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(4):174-180.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2015.04.030.Zhang X Q,Qian Y L.Effects of straw mulching on growth,photosynthesis and yield of maize[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2015,30(4):174-180.
[16] 胡守林,万素梅,贾志宽,王勇.黄土高原半湿润区不同生长年限苜蓿叶片光合性能研究[J].草业学报,2008(5):60-67.Hu S L,Wan S M,Jia Z K,Wang Y.Study on photosynthetic performance of alfalfa leaves in semi-humid region of Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Grass Industry,2008(5):60-67.
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[18] 张新慧,张恩和,何庆祥,任宝仓.2,4-二叔丁基苯酚对啤酒花幼苗生长与光合特性的影响[J].草业学报,2008,17(6):47-51.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1004-5759.2008.06.007.Zhang X H,Zhang E H,He Q X,Ren B C.Effects of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of hops seedlings[J].Journal of Grass Industry,2008,17(6):47-51.
[19] 于跃跃,赵炳梓.无机氮和葡萄糖添加对土壤微生物生物量和活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2012,49(1):139-146.doi:10.11766/trxb201101110015.Yu Y Y,Zhao B Z.Effects of inorganic nitrogen and glucose addition on soil microbial biomass and activity [J].Journal of Soil,2012,49(1):139-146.
[20] 富山县农业技术センタ农业试验场.水稻叶色诊断技法の改良[M].昭和:昭和60～61年度农水省指定土壤肥料实验成绩书,1987.Fushan county agricultural technology and agricultural test ground.Improvement of rice leaf color diagnosis technique[M].Zhaohe:Report on the results of the soil and fertilizer experiments designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Water in Zhaohe 60-61,1987.
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