油藏渗流地球物理新方法探索
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摘要
老油田进入高含水开发阶段后,随着注水倍数即PV(Pore Volume)的增加,油藏储层物性如孔隙度、渗透率、泥质含量等均随之发生改变,导致渗流场发生变化,剩余油分布预测更为困难,难以给出提高采收率的针对性措施。为此,提出油藏渗流地球物理新方法。通过分析不同注水倍数下储层孔隙度、实际油藏不同开发阶段泥质含量、剩余油饱和度等的变化,论证了发展油藏渗流地球物理技术的可行性和必要性,并形成了一套技术流程,即在岩石物理实验基础上,应用时移地震、时移VSP、时移电磁、生产测井、多域试井等地球物理技术研究油藏渗流场,最终建立多维油藏渗流地球物理地质模型,反映油藏渗流变化。油藏渗流地球物理技术是油藏地球物理技术的延续和提升,将在老油田渗流场重构、提高采收率方面发挥重要作用。
As old oilfields enter the stage of high watercut development,reservoir physical properties(porosity,permeability,and shale content)change with the increase of water injection multiple,which leads changes of reservoir seepage field.In this case,the reminding oil prediction and oil recovery improvement are much more difficult.Therefore,Reservoir Seepage Geophysics(RSG),a novel technology,is proposed.The feasibility of the reservoir seepage geophysics is proved with change analysis of reservoir porosity,shale content,and reminding oil saturation in different development stages.Based on rock physics experiments,multi-disciplinary information such as time-lapse seismic,time-lapse VSP,time-lapse electromagnetic surveys,and different well logging data are jointly used to study the reservoir seepage field.Finally a multi-dimensional reservoir seepage geological geophysical model is built,which shows reservoir seepage variations.The reservoir seepage geophysics is some continuation and improvement of reservoir geophysics,which will play an important role in the reservoir seepage field reconstruction and the oil recovery improvement of old oilfields.
As old oilfields enter the stage of high watercut development,reservoir physical properties(porosity,permeability,and shale content)change with the increase of water injection multiple,which leads changes of reservoir seepage field.In this case,the reminding oil prediction and oil recovery improvement are much more difficult.Therefore,Reservoir Seepage Geophysics(RSG),a novel technology,is proposed.The feasibility of the reservoir seepage geophysics is proved with change analysis of reservoir porosity,shale content,and reminding oil saturation in different development stages.Based on rock physics experiments,multi-disciplinary information such as time-lapse seismic,time-lapse VSP,time-lapse electromagnetic surveys,and different well logging data are jointly used to study the reservoir seepage field.Finally a multi-dimensional reservoir seepage geological geophysical model is built,which shows reservoir seepage variations.The reservoir seepage geophysics is some continuation and improvement of reservoir geophysics,which will play an important role in the reservoir seepage field reconstruction and the oil recovery improvement of old oilfields.
引文
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[3] 陈小宏,牟永光.四维地震油藏监测技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):707-715.CHEN Xiaohong,MOU Yongguang.Four-dimention-al seismic reservoir monitoring technique and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1998,33(6):705-715.
[4] 马淑芳,韩大匡,甘利灯,等.地震岩石物理模型综述[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):460-471.MA Shufang,HAN Dakuang,GAN Lideng,et al.A review of seismic rock physics models[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(2):460-471.
[5] 凌云,黄旭日,孙德胜,等.3.5D地震勘探实例研究[J].石油物探,2007,46(4):339-352.LING Yun,HUANG Xuri,SUN Desheng,et al.Case study of 3.5-D seismic exploration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(4):339-352.
[6] 赵邦六,石玉梅,姚逢昌,等.多分量地震全波形弹性反演预测砂岩油藏剩余油分布[J].石油学报,2013,34(2):328-333.ZHAO Bangliu,SHI Yumei,YAO Fengchang,et al.Prediction of the remaining oil distribution using multicomponent seismic full waveform elasticity inversion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(2):328-333.
[7] 赵邦六,何展翔.非地震直接油气检测技术及其勘探实践[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(6):29-37.ZHAO Bangliu,HE Zhanxiang.Non-seismic technique for direct oil-gas detection and its exploration practice[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2005,10(6):29-37.
[8] Huang X R,Robert W.Constraining time-lapse seis-mic analysis with production data[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:1472-1476.
[9] Johnston D H,Abriel W L,Ahmad F I,et al.Methods and Aplications in Reservoir Geophysics[M].SEG,2010.
[10] 韩大匡.关于高含水油田二次开发理念、对策和技术路线的探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):583-591.HAN Dakuang.Discussions on concepts,countermeasures and technical routes for the redevelopment of high water-cut oilfields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):583-591.
[11] 刘文岭,韩大匡,程蒲,等,高含水油田井震联合重构地下认识体系[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(6):930-937.LIU Wenling,HAN Dakuang,CHENG Pu,et al.Reconstruction of underground recognition system based on both seismic data and well data in a mature oilfield with high water cut[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(6):930-937.
[12] 撒利明,甘利灯,黄旭日,等.中国石油集团油藏地球物理技术现状与发展方向[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):611-626.SA Liming,GAN Lideng,HUANG Xuri,et al.The status and development directions of reservoir geophysics in CNPC[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(3):611-626.
[13] 凌云,郭向宇,蔡银涛,等.无基础地震观测的时移地震油藏监测技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(6):938-947.LING Yun,GUO Xiangyu,CAI Yintao,et al.5D+4D seismic reservoir surveillance without baseline survey[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(6):938-947.
[14] 李景叶,陈小宏.时移地震油藏监测可行性分析评价技术[J].石油物探,2012,51(2):125-132.LI Jingye,CHEN Xiaohong.Feasibility analysis and evaluation technology of time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petro-leum,2012,51(2):125-132.
[15] 张明贺,冯晅,刘财,等.电磁与地震联合反演研究现状与未来发展[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(6):2467-2474.ZHANG Minghe,FENG Xuan,LIU Cai,et al.Present status and future development of the joint inversion of electromagnetic and seismic[J].Progress in Geophy-sics,2016,31(6):2467-2474.
[16] 王志刚,何展翔,覃荆城,等.时频电磁技术的新进展及应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(增刊1):144-151.WANG Zhigang,HE Zhanxiang,QIN Jingcheng,et al.Advances of TFEM technique and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(S1):144-151.
[17] 刘彦,吕庆田,孟贵祥,等.大地电磁与地震联合反演研究现状与展望[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(6):2444-2451.LIU Yan,LYU Qingtian,MENG Guixiang,et al.Joint electromagnetic and seismic inversion survey:Status and prospect[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(6):2444-2451.
[18] 赵贤正,赵平起,李东平,等.地质工程一体化在大港油田勘探开发中探索与实践[J].中国石油勘探,2018,23(2):6-13.ZHAO Xianzheng,ZHAO Pingqi,LI Dongping,et al.Research and practice of geology-engineering integration in the exploration and development of Dagang oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2018,23(2):6-13.
[19] 赵平起,赵敏.大港油田增储建产一体化管理与实践[J].国际石油经济,2017,25(4):92-95.ZHAO Pingqi,ZHAO Min.The integration of reserve increase and productivity construction in Dagang oilfield [J].International Petroleum Economics,2017,25(4):92-95.
[20] 袁士义,王强.中国油田开发主题技术新进展与展望[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):1-12.YUAN Shiyi,WANG Qiang.New progress and pro-spect of thematic technology for oilfield development in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development.2018,45(4):1-12.
[21] 李阳.陆相断陷湖盆油藏流场宏观参数变化规律及动态模型[J].石油学报,2005,26(2):65-68.LI Yang.Variation rule of macro parameters and dynamic model of oil reservoirs in continental faulted basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005 26(2):65-68.
[22] 邓玉珍.油藏流场思维模型及剩余油研究——以胜利油田典型长期注水开发为例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010.
[23] 邓玉珍,徐守余.三角洲储层渗流参数动态模型研究——以胜坨油田二区下第三系沙二段83 小层为例[J].石油学报,2003,24(2):61-64.DENG Yuzhen,XU Shouyu.Dynamic model of filte-rate parameters in delta reservoir:Taking Layer 83 in the second member of Shahejie Formation of the Paleogene in the second district of Shengtuo oilfield as an example[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(2):61-64.
[24] 李红南,王德军.油藏动态模型和剩余油仿真模型[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):83-91.LI Hongnan,WANG Dejun.Dynamic model of oil reservoir and simulation model of remaining oil[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(5):83-91.
[25] Wyllie M R J,Gregory A R,Gardner L W.Elastic wave velocities in heterogeneous and porous media[J].Geophysics,1956,21(1):41-70.
[26] 荆万学,陈永吉.浅谈阿尔奇公式的物理学原型[J].测井技术,1997,21(4):289-291.JING Wanxue,CHEN Yongji.On the original physical model of Archie Formula[J].Well Logging Technology,1997,21(4):289-291.
[27] 陈小宏,李景叶,赵伟.地震油藏动态监测的属性表征机理研究[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(增刊1):197-203.CHEN Xiaohong,LI Jingye,ZHAO Wei.Study on attribute characterization mechanism of seismic reservoir dynamic monitoring[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences (in Chinese),2008,38(S1):197-203.
[28] 李燕丽,金凤鸣,魏强,等.时频电磁法在冀中坳陷潜山及潜山内幕油气预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(增刊1):137-143.LI Yanli,JIN Fengming,WEI Qiang,et al.Hydrocarbon prediction with TFEM in buried hills,Jizhong Depression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(S1):137-143.
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