开挖型黄土边坡剥落侵蚀作用及变形破坏研究
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摘要
人工开挖是黄土地质灾害最积极的诱发因素之一。为揭示非大型工程未经支护的开挖型黄土边坡在卸荷、剥落、侵蚀作用下边坡的变形破坏特征及其对边坡稳定性的影响,通过野外调查、原位微型贯入测试、室内试验等方法,对陕西省延安地区23处开挖型黄土边坡进行研究。结果表明,边坡卸荷剥落层厚度与边坡开挖年龄呈线性正相关关系,现场贯入阻力值与边坡开挖年龄呈负幂相关关系,浅层土体化学侵蚀现象较深层土体强烈。开挖型黄土边坡的变形破坏模式主要为滑移式崩塌和蠕滑-拉裂式浅层滑坡,崩塌的破坏演化过程主要为"侵蚀剥落-内凹-张裂-滑移",滑坡的破坏演化过程主要为"蠕滑-拉裂-贯通-滑脱"。
Excavation activity is one of the most active factors to cause the loess geo-hazards.In order to reveal the deformation and failure characteristics of the excavated loess slope under unloading,exfoliation and erosion,and its influence on the slope stability,23 excavated loess slopes have been studied through carrying out field investigation,in-situ micro penetration test and indoor test in Yan'an area,Shaanxi Province.The results show that there is a linear positive correlation between the thickness of slope unloading exfoliation layer and the slope excavation age,and there is a negatively power correlation between the on-site penetration resistance value and the slope excavation age,and the shallow soil chemical erosion is stronger than deep soil.The deformation and failure modes of excavated loess slopes are mainly slip-type collapse and creep-slipping shallow landslide.The failure and evolution process of collapse is mainly"exfoliation erosion-concave-crack-slip",while the failure and evolution process of landslide is mainly "creep-pull-through-slip".
Excavation activity is one of the most active factors to cause the loess geo-hazards.In order to reveal the deformation and failure characteristics of the excavated loess slope under unloading,exfoliation and erosion,and its influence on the slope stability,23 excavated loess slopes have been studied through carrying out field investigation,in-situ micro penetration test and indoor test in Yan'an area,Shaanxi Province.The results show that there is a linear positive correlation between the thickness of slope unloading exfoliation layer and the slope excavation age,and there is a negatively power correlation between the on-site penetration resistance value and the slope excavation age,and the shallow soil chemical erosion is stronger than deep soil.The deformation and failure modes of excavated loess slopes are mainly slip-type collapse and creep-slipping shallow landslide.The failure and evolution process of collapse is mainly"exfoliation erosion-concave-crack-slip",while the failure and evolution process of landslide is mainly "creep-pull-through-slip".
引文
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刘新根,奥村运明,张小旺.岩石边坡风化与侵蚀的研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2006,26(4):30-32.LIUXingen,AOCUN Yunming,ZHANG Xiaowang.Study on the weathering and erosion of rock slope[J].Mining R&D,2006,26(4):30-32.
段钊,赵法锁,陈新建.陕北黄土高原区崩塌发育类型及影响因素分析---以吴起县为例[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(6):142-149.DUAN Zhao,ZHAO Fasuo,CHEN Xinjian.Types and influencing factors of collapse development in loess plateau region of north Shaanxi:a case study of Wuqi County[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(6):142-149.
王根龙,张茂省,苏天明,等.黄土崩塌破坏模式及离散元数值模拟分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(4):541-549.WANG Genlong,ZHANG Maosheng,SU Tianmin,et al.Collapse failure modes and dem numerical simulation for loess slopes[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(4):541-549.
薛强,唐亚明,孙萍萍,等.降雨入渗对黄土斜坡土体含水率时空分布特性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(2):53-56.XUE Qiang,TANG Yaming,SUN Pingping,et al.Temporalspatial distribution of soil water content in loess slope subjected to rainfall infiltration[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(2):53-56.
ZHANG M,LIU J.Controlling factors of loess landslides in western China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,59(8):1671-1680.
薛强,张茂省.延安淹土安滑坡监测预警及变形特征[J].西北地质,2018,51(2):220-226.XUE Qiang,ZHANG Maosheng.Monitoring,early warning and deformation characteristics of Yantu'an landslide in Yan'an[J].Northwestern Geology,2018,51(2):220-226.
彭建兵,吴迪,段钊,等.典型人类工程活动诱发黄土滑坡灾害特征与致灾机理[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(5):971-980.PENG Jianbing,WU Di,DUAN Zhao,et al.Disaster characteristics and destructive mechanism of typical loess landslide cases triggered by human engineering activities[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2016,51(5):971-980.
裴向军,袁广,张晓超,等.坡脚开挖诱发滑坡机理---以沙井驿滑坡为例[J].山地学报,2017,35(2):195-202.PEI Xiangjun,YUAN Guang,ZHANG Xiaochao,et al.Study on the mechanism of the loess landslide triggered by slope toe excavation-for the example of the landslide of Shajingyi[J].Mountain Research,2017,35(2):195-202.
朱继良,黄润秋,张诗媛,等.某水电站进水口高边坡开挖的变形响应研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(2):593-598.ZHU Jiliang,HUANG Runqiu,ZHANG Shiyuan,et al.Study of deformation response of a high rock slope excavation at an intake for a large hydropower station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(2):593-598.
吕远强,张兴勤,姜海波.晋西地区工程开挖形成的黄土边坡的最优坡率[J].煤田地质与勘探,2011,39(6):58-62.LU Yuanqiang,ZHANG Xingqin,JIANG Haibo,et al.Optimal slope rate of loess slope formed by construction excavation in west Shanxi[J].Coalgeology&Exploration,2011,39(6):58-62.
李明,张嘎,张建民,等.开挖条件下含水平砂土夹层边坡破坏模式研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(Suppl.1):185-189.LI Ming,ZHANG Ga,ZHANG Jianmin,et al.Research on failure mode of clay slope containing horizontal sand interlayer under excavation conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Suppl.1):185-189.
王新刚,胡斌,赵治海,等.渗流作用下节理型黄土开挖边坡塌滑破坏分析[J].自然灾害学报,2014,23(2):47-52.WANG Xingang,HU Bin,ZHAO Zhihai,et al.Analysis of collapse sliding failure of the excavation slope of joint type loess under the action of seepage[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2014,23(2):47-52.
张茂省,校培喜,魏兴丽.延安市宝塔区崩滑地质灾害发育特征与分布规律初探[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,(6):72-79.ZHANG Maosheng,XIAO Peixi,WEI Xingli.A preliminary discussion of the occurrence of landslide in the Baota district of Yan'an City[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2006,(6):72-79.
张茂省,孙传尧,校培喜,等.延安市宝塔区地质灾害详细调查示范[J].西北地质,2007,40(2):29-55.ZHANG Maosheng,SUN Chuanyao,XIAO Peixi,et al.Ademonstration project for detailed geo-hazard survey in the Baota District,Yan'an[J].Northwestern Geology,2007,40(2):29-55.
刘新根,奥村运明,张小旺.岩石边坡风化与侵蚀的研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2006,26(4):30-32.LIUXingen,AOCUN Yunming,ZHANG Xiaowang.Study on the weathering and erosion of rock slope[J].Mining R&D,2006,26(4):30-32.
段钊,赵法锁,陈新建.陕北黄土高原区崩塌发育类型及影响因素分析---以吴起县为例[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(6):142-149.DUAN Zhao,ZHAO Fasuo,CHEN Xinjian.Types and influencing factors of collapse development in loess plateau region of north Shaanxi:a case study of Wuqi County[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(6):142-149.
王根龙,张茂省,苏天明,等.黄土崩塌破坏模式及离散元数值模拟分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(4):541-549.WANG Genlong,ZHANG Maosheng,SU Tianmin,et al.Collapse failure modes and dem numerical simulation for loess slopes[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(4):541-549.
薛强,唐亚明,孙萍萍,等.降雨入渗对黄土斜坡土体含水率时空分布特性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(2):53-56.XUE Qiang,TANG Yaming,SUN Pingping,et al.Temporalspatial distribution of soil water content in loess slope subjected to rainfall infiltration[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(2):53-56.
ZHANG M,LIU J.Controlling factors of loess landslides in western China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,59(8):1671-1680.
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