3种土壤热通量计算方法对观测数据偏差的敏感性分析
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摘要
基于干旱区均匀裸土下垫面的辐射观测数据和两组土壤观测数据,分别使用PlateCal法、谐波法和TDEC法计算了地表土壤热通量(G_0),发现不同方法计算的G_0差异达3%～11%.分析了3种方法所需输入数据(长波辐射、土壤温度、土壤含水量和土壤热通量)的观测偏差,其中5 cm土壤含水量的观测偏差较大(约20%～30%),长波辐射的观测偏差较小(约1%～2%).分析不同方法计算的G_0对观测资料偏差的敏感性,结果表明PlateCal法对5 cm土壤热通量和5 cm土壤温度的观测偏差较敏感,而谐波法和TDEC法对5 cm土壤温度的观测偏差最敏感.两组观测数据计算的G_0差异显著,PlateCal法、谐波法和TDEC法的差异分别为11%、20%和16%,主要是由计算方法所需输入物理量的观测偏差和计算方法对各物理量的敏感性共同决定的.
Based on the radiation data and two sets of soil data observed on a homogeneous bare soil surface in an arid area, the surface soil heat fluxes(G_0) were calculated by PlateCal(heat flux plate measurements and calorimetry) method, harmonic method and TDEC(thermal diffusion equation and correction) method respectively. The differences between the G_0 calculated by three methods were 3%-11%.The observed deviations of the input data(long wave radiation, soil temperature, soil water content and soil heat flux) of the three methods were analyzed. The deviation of 5 cm soil moisture was large(about20%-30%), while the that of long wave radiation was small(about 1%-2%). The sensitivity of the G_0 calculated by different methods to the deviations of observed data was further discussed and the results showed that PlateCal method was sensitive to the deviations of soil heat flux and soil temperature at 5 cm, while both the harmonic and TDEC method were most sensitive to the deviations of soil temperature at 5 cm. On the whole, there were significant differences in the G_0 calculated by the two sets of observed data, and the differences were 11%, 20% and 16% corresponding to the PlateCal, harmonic and TDEC method respectively. This difference was mainly determined by two aspects, that is, the observed deviations of physical quantities required by calculation methods and the sensitivity of calculation methods to physical quantities.
Based on the radiation data and two sets of soil data observed on a homogeneous bare soil surface in an arid area, the surface soil heat fluxes(G_0) were calculated by PlateCal(heat flux plate measurements and calorimetry) method, harmonic method and TDEC(thermal diffusion equation and correction) method respectively. The differences between the G_0 calculated by three methods were 3%-11%.The observed deviations of the input data(long wave radiation, soil temperature, soil water content and soil heat flux) of the three methods were analyzed. The deviation of 5 cm soil moisture was large(about20%-30%), while the that of long wave radiation was small(about 1%-2%). The sensitivity of the G_0 calculated by different methods to the deviations of observed data was further discussed and the results showed that PlateCal method was sensitive to the deviations of soil heat flux and soil temperature at 5 cm, while both the harmonic and TDEC method were most sensitive to the deviations of soil temperature at 5 cm. On the whole, there were significant differences in the G_0 calculated by the two sets of observed data, and the differences were 11%, 20% and 16% corresponding to the PlateCal, harmonic and TDEC method respectively. This difference was mainly determined by two aspects, that is, the observed deviations of physical quantities required by calculation methods and the sensitivity of calculation methods to physical quantities.
引文
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[17]陈星,余晔,陈晋北,等.黄土高原半干旱区冬小麦田土壤热通量的计算方法研究[J].高原气象,2014,33(6):1514-1525.
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[19]Weber S,Graf A,Heusinkveld B G.Accuracy of soil heat flux plate measurements in coarse substrates:field measurements versus a laboratory test[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2007,89(1):109-114.
[20]黄菁,张强,李宏宇.黄土高原陆面过程观测试验的仪器精度和观测误差分析[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(2):357-366.
[21]Foken T.The energy balance closure problem:an overview[J].Ecological Applications,2008,18(6):1351-1367.
[2]Russell E S,Liu H,Gao Z,et al.Impacts of soil heat flux calculation methods on the surface energy balance closure[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2015,214(1):189-200.
[3]张立杰,江灏,李磊.土壤中热量传输计算的研究进展与展望[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(5):569-575.
[4]左洪超,肖霞,杨启东,等.论近地层大气运动特征与观测和计算能量不平衡的成因[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42(9):1370-1384.
[5]杨启东,左洪超,杨扬,等.近地层能量闭合度对陆面过程模式影响[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):2876-2888.
[6]Mccumber M C,Pielke R A.Simulation of the effects of surface fluxes of heat and moisture in a mesoscale numerical model:1 soil layer[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,1981,86(C10):9929-9938.
[7]Liebethal C,Huwe B,Foken T.Sensitivity analysis for two ground heat flux calculation approaches[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2005,132(3):253-262.
[8]阳坤,王介民.一种基于土壤温湿资料计算地表土壤热通量的温度预报校正法[J].中国科学:地球科学,2008,38(2):243-250.
[9]李娜娜,贾立,卢静.复杂下垫面地表土壤热通量算法改进:以黑河流域为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015,45(4):494-507.
[10]Heusinkveld B G,Afg J,Aam H,et al.Surface energy balance closure in an arid region:role of soil heat flux[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2004,122(1):21-37.
[11]Gao Z.Determination of soil heat flux in a tibetan shortgrass prairie[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2005,114(1):165-178.
[12]徐自为,刘绍民,徐同仁,等.不同土壤热通量测算方法的比较及其对地表能量平衡闭合影响的研究[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(8):875-889.
[13]张立杰,江灏,李磊.利用气象要素计算五道梁地区土壤热流量的试验[J].高原气象,2006,25(3):418-422.
[14]An Ke-dong,Wang Wen-ke,Wang Zhou-feng,et al.Estimation of ground heat flux from soil temperature over a bare soil[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2017,129(3):913-922.
[15]Venegas P,Grandón A,Jara J,et al.Hourly estimation of soil heat flux density at the soil surface with three models and two field methods[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2013,112(1):45-59.
[16]左金清,王介民,黄建平,等.半干旱草地地表土壤热通量的计算及其对能量平衡的影响[J].高原气象,2010,29(4):840-848.
[17]陈星,余晔,陈晋北,等.黄土高原半干旱区冬小麦田土壤热通量的计算方法研究[J].高原气象,2014,33(6):1514-1525.
[18]郭阳,左洪超,陈继伟,等.均匀裸土地表土壤热通量计算方法对比及对能量闭合的影响[J].气候与环境研究,2015,20(2):177-187.
[19]Weber S,Graf A,Heusinkveld B G.Accuracy of soil heat flux plate measurements in coarse substrates:field measurements versus a laboratory test[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2007,89(1):109-114.
[20]黄菁,张强,李宏宇.黄土高原陆面过程观测试验的仪器精度和观测误差分析[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(2):357-366.
[21]Foken T.The energy balance closure problem:an overview[J].Ecological Applications,2008,18(6):1351-1367.
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