基于动力弹塑性时程分析和实测地面运动的地震破坏力速报系统
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摘要
地震后准确快速地评估建筑物的破坏情况对抗震救灾有着重要意义。本文基于动力弹塑性时程分析和实测地面运动记录,提出了一套近实时的地震破坏力分析评价方法并开发了相应的系统。该方法通过地震台站获取发震地区实测地面运动记录,将实测地面运动记录输入到典型单体建筑的有限元模型和发震区域典型的建筑群模型中,对其进行动力弹塑性时程分析,根据分析结果评价该次地震对典型单体建筑和目标区域建筑的破坏情况。本文所提出的方法在多次地震中得到应用,主要结论如下:(1)本文建议的方法基于实测地面运动记录,能较好地解决地震输入的不确定性问题;(2)该方法基于动力弹塑性时程分析,可以充分考虑地震动的幅值、频谱和持时特征以及不同建筑物的刚度、强度和变形特征;(3)本文建议的方法对典型单体建筑物和目标区域进行分析,可以评价地震对典型建筑物和目标区域建筑群的破坏能力;(4)本文所建议的近实时地震破坏力评价方法及相应的地震破坏力速报系统,在地震发生后短时间内给出地震破坏力评估结果,为科学制定抗震救灾决策和普及公众防灾减灾知识提供了有力手段。
Accurate and rapid assessment of building seismic damage after the earthquake is of great significance to earthquake disaster relief. Based on the nonlinear time-history analysis and actual ground motion records,a nearreal-time building seismic damage evaluation method is proposed and a corresponding evaluation system is developed in this work. In this method,the actual ground motion records obtained from seismic stations are input into the finite element models of typical buildings and the typical regional building models of the earthquake-stricken area,and the nonlinear time-history analysis of these models is performed subsequently. The seismic damage of typical buildings and target regional buildings subjected to this earthquake is evaluated according to the analysis result.The method proposed in this work has been applied in many earthquake events. The main conclusions are as follows:( 1) The uncertainty problem of ground motion input is solved properly with the proposed method based on actual ground motion records;( 2) The amplitude,spectrum and duration characters of ground motions as well as the stiffness,strength and deformation characters of different buildings are fully considered in this method based on the nonlinear time-history analysis;( 3) Typical buildings and target regional buildings are analyzed in this method,thus the seismic damage of those single or regional buildings can be evaluated;( 4) Using the near-real-time building seismic damage evaluation method and the corresponding rapid reporting system,the evaluation of the earthquake destructive power can be obtained shortly after the earthquake event,which provides a useful reference for scientific decision making of earthquake disaster relief and popularizing the disaster mitigation knowledge.
Accurate and rapid assessment of building seismic damage after the earthquake is of great significance to earthquake disaster relief. Based on the nonlinear time-history analysis and actual ground motion records,a nearreal-time building seismic damage evaluation method is proposed and a corresponding evaluation system is developed in this work. In this method,the actual ground motion records obtained from seismic stations are input into the finite element models of typical buildings and the typical regional building models of the earthquake-stricken area,and the nonlinear time-history analysis of these models is performed subsequently. The seismic damage of typical buildings and target regional buildings subjected to this earthquake is evaluated according to the analysis result.The method proposed in this work has been applied in many earthquake events. The main conclusions are as follows:( 1) The uncertainty problem of ground motion input is solved properly with the proposed method based on actual ground motion records;( 2) The amplitude,spectrum and duration characters of ground motions as well as the stiffness,strength and deformation characters of different buildings are fully considered in this method based on the nonlinear time-history analysis;( 3) Typical buildings and target regional buildings are analyzed in this method,thus the seismic damage of those single or regional buildings can be evaluated;( 4) Using the near-real-time building seismic damage evaluation method and the corresponding rapid reporting system,the evaluation of the earthquake destructive power can be obtained shortly after the earthquake event,which provides a useful reference for scientific decision making of earthquake disaster relief and popularizing the disaster mitigation knowledge.
引文
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[18] Lu,XZ,Guan,H. Earthquake Disaster Simulation of Civil Infrastructures:from Tall Buildings to Urban Areas[M]. Springer Singapore,2017:46-50 260-290.
[19] Lu X,Lu XZ,Guan H,et al. Collapse simulation of reinforced concrete high-rise building induced by extreme earthquakes[J]. Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2013,42(5):705-723.
[20] Lu,X,Lu,XZ,Zhang,WK,et al. Collapse simulation of a super high-rise building subjected to extremely strong earthquakes[J]. Science China Technological Sciences,2011,54(10),2549-2560.
[21]施炜,叶列平,陆新征,等.不同抗震设防RC框架结构抗倒塌能力的研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(3):41-048.SHI Wei,YE Lieping,LU Xinzheng,et al. Study on the collapse-resistant capacity of RC frames with different seismic fortification levels[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(3):41-048.(in Chinese)
[22]纪晓东,马琦峰,赵作周,等.北京市既有农村住宅砖木结构加固前后振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(11):53-61.JI Xiaodong,MA Qifeng,ZHAO Zuozhou,et al. Shaking table test of unretrofitted and retrofitted brick-wood structures representative of existing rural buildings in Beijing[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(11):53-61.(in Chinese)
[23]朱伯龙,蒋志贤,吴明舜.上海五层砌块试验楼抗震能力分析[J].同济大学学报,1981(4):7-14.ZHU Bolong,JIANG Zhixian,WU Mingshun. Seismic analysis of a five-story concrete block masonry building[J]. Journal of Tongji University,1981(4):7-14.(in Chinese)
[24]许浒,赵世春,叶列平,等.砌体结构在地震下的非线性计算模型[J].四川建筑科学研究,2011,37(6):170-175.XU Hu,ZHAO Shichun,YE Lieping,et al. A numerical model for non-linear dynamic analysis of masonry structures subjected to ground motion[J]. Sichuan Building Science,2011,37(6):170-175.(in Chinese)
[25] Xiong C,Lu X,Lin X,et al. Parameter determination and damage assessment for THA-based regional seismic damage prediction of multi-story buildings[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2017,21(3):461-485.
[26]熊琛,许镇,曾翔,等.适用于区域震害模拟的混凝土高层结构损伤预测方法[J].自然灾害学报,2016,25(6):69-78.XIONG Chen,XU Zhen,ZENG Xiang,et al. Damage prediction method suitable for regional seismic damage simnlation of concrete highrise building structures[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2016,25(6):69-78.(in Chinese)
[27]国务院人口普查办公室,国家统计局人口司.中国2010年人口普查资料[M].中国统计出版社,2012.Population Census Office under the State Council,Department of Population and Employment Statistics of National Bureau of Statistics. Tabulation on the 2010 Population Census of the People’s Republic of China[M]. China Statistics Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[28]陆新征,顾栋炼,林旭川,等. 2017. 08. 08四川九寨沟7. 0级地震震中附近地面运动破坏力分析[J].工程建设标准化,2017(8):68-73.LU Xinzheng,GU Donglian,LIN Xuchuan,et al. Seismic assessment of ground motion near the epicenter of the 7. 0 earthquake in Jiuzhaigou,Sichuan[J]. Standardization of Engineering Construction,2017(8):68-73.(in Chinese)
[29]戴君武,孙柏涛,李山有,等.四川九寨沟7. 0级地震之工程震害[M].地震出版社,2018:19.DAI Junwu,SUN Baitao,LI Shanyou,et al. Engineering Damage in Jiuzhaigou Ms7. 0 Earthquake[M]. Seismological Press,2018:19.(in Chinese)
[2] Erdik M,爦e爧etyan K,Demircioˇglu M B,et al. Rapid earthquake loss assessment after damaging earthquakes[J]. Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engineering,2011,31(2):247-266.
[3] Wald D J,Jaiswal K,Marano K D,et al. PAGER-Rapid assessment of an earthquake’s impact[R]. US Geological Surrey,2000.
[4] GDACS. Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System[DB/OL]. http://www. gdacs. org/,2018.
[5] Trendafiloski G,Wyss M,Rosset P. Loss estimation module in the second generation software QLARM[M]//Human Casualties in Earthquakes.Springer Netherlands,2011:95-106.
[6] European Commission. Network of research infrastructures for European seismology(NERIES)[DB/OL]. https://www. neries-eu. org. 2016.
[7] Erdik M,Fahjan Y. Damage Scenarios and Damage Evaluation[M]//Assessing and managing earthquake risk. Springer Netherlands,2008:213-237.
[8] Lu,XZ,Han,B,Hori,M,et al. A coarse-grained parallel approach for seismic damage simulations of urban areas based on refined models and GPU/CPU cooperative computing[J]. Advances in Engineering Software,2014,70:90-103.
[9]中国地震台网中心.中国地震台网[EB/OL]. http://news. ceic. ac. cn/index. html? time=1528878360,2018.China Earthquake Networks Center. China Earthquake Networks[EB/OL]. http://news. ceic. ac. cn/index. html? time=1528878360,2018.(in Chinese)
[10]解全才,马强,杨程.强震动数据库发展现状与展望[J].地震工程与工程振动,2017,37(3):48-56XIE Quancai,MA Qiang,YANG Cheng. A review of study on strong motion database[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2017,37(3):48-56.(in Chinese)
[11]陆新征.工程地震灾变模拟:从高层建筑到城市区域[M].科学出版社,2015:39-47.LU Xinzheng. Earthquake Disaster Simulation of Civil Infrastructures:from Tall Buildings to Urban Areas[M]. Science Press,2015:39-47.(in Chinese)
[12]陆新征,林旭川,叶列平,等.地震下高层建筑连续倒塌数值模型研究[J].工程力学,2010,27(11):64-70.LU Xinzheng,LIN Xuchuan,YE Lieping,et al. Numerical models for earthquake induced progressive collapse of high-rise buildings[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(11):64-70.(in Chinese)
[13] Légeron F,Paultre P. Uniaxial confinement model for normal and high-strength concrete columns[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2003,129(2):241-252.
[14]汪训流,陆新征,叶列平.往复荷载下钢筋混凝土柱受力性能的数值模拟[J].工程力学,2007,24(12):76-81.WANG Xunliu,LU Xinzheng,YE Lieping. Numerical simulation for the hysteresis behavior of RC columns under cyclic loads[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(12):76-81.(in Chinese)
[15]叶列平,陆新征,马千里,等.混凝土结构抗震非线性分析模型、方法及算例[J].工程力学,2006,23(增刊II):131-140.YE Lieping,LU Xinzheng,MA Qianli,et al. Seismic nonlinear analytical models,methods and examples for concrete structures[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(Sup. II):131-140.(in Chinese)
[16]陆新征,李易,叶列平,等.钢筋混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌设计方法的研究[J].工程力学,2008,25(增刊II):150-157.LU Xinzheng,LI Yi,YE Lieping,et al. Study on design method to resist progressive collapse for reinforced concrete frames[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(Sup. II):150-157.(in Chinese)
[17]陆新征,蒋庆,缪志伟,等.建筑抗震弹塑性分析(第二版)[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2015:179-197.LU Xinzheng,JIANG Qing,MIU Zhiwei,et al. Elasto-plastic Analysis of Buildings Against Earthquake(Second Edition)[M]. China Architecture&Building Press,2015:179-197.(in Chinese)
[18] Lu,XZ,Guan,H. Earthquake Disaster Simulation of Civil Infrastructures:from Tall Buildings to Urban Areas[M]. Springer Singapore,2017:46-50 260-290.
[19] Lu X,Lu XZ,Guan H,et al. Collapse simulation of reinforced concrete high-rise building induced by extreme earthquakes[J]. Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2013,42(5):705-723.
[20] Lu,X,Lu,XZ,Zhang,WK,et al. Collapse simulation of a super high-rise building subjected to extremely strong earthquakes[J]. Science China Technological Sciences,2011,54(10),2549-2560.
[21]施炜,叶列平,陆新征,等.不同抗震设防RC框架结构抗倒塌能力的研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(3):41-048.SHI Wei,YE Lieping,LU Xinzheng,et al. Study on the collapse-resistant capacity of RC frames with different seismic fortification levels[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(3):41-048.(in Chinese)
[22]纪晓东,马琦峰,赵作周,等.北京市既有农村住宅砖木结构加固前后振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(11):53-61.JI Xiaodong,MA Qifeng,ZHAO Zuozhou,et al. Shaking table test of unretrofitted and retrofitted brick-wood structures representative of existing rural buildings in Beijing[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(11):53-61.(in Chinese)
[23]朱伯龙,蒋志贤,吴明舜.上海五层砌块试验楼抗震能力分析[J].同济大学学报,1981(4):7-14.ZHU Bolong,JIANG Zhixian,WU Mingshun. Seismic analysis of a five-story concrete block masonry building[J]. Journal of Tongji University,1981(4):7-14.(in Chinese)
[24]许浒,赵世春,叶列平,等.砌体结构在地震下的非线性计算模型[J].四川建筑科学研究,2011,37(6):170-175.XU Hu,ZHAO Shichun,YE Lieping,et al. A numerical model for non-linear dynamic analysis of masonry structures subjected to ground motion[J]. Sichuan Building Science,2011,37(6):170-175.(in Chinese)
[25] Xiong C,Lu X,Lin X,et al. Parameter determination and damage assessment for THA-based regional seismic damage prediction of multi-story buildings[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2017,21(3):461-485.
[26]熊琛,许镇,曾翔,等.适用于区域震害模拟的混凝土高层结构损伤预测方法[J].自然灾害学报,2016,25(6):69-78.XIONG Chen,XU Zhen,ZENG Xiang,et al. Damage prediction method suitable for regional seismic damage simnlation of concrete highrise building structures[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2016,25(6):69-78.(in Chinese)
[27]国务院人口普查办公室,国家统计局人口司.中国2010年人口普查资料[M].中国统计出版社,2012.Population Census Office under the State Council,Department of Population and Employment Statistics of National Bureau of Statistics. Tabulation on the 2010 Population Census of the People’s Republic of China[M]. China Statistics Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[28]陆新征,顾栋炼,林旭川,等. 2017. 08. 08四川九寨沟7. 0级地震震中附近地面运动破坏力分析[J].工程建设标准化,2017(8):68-73.LU Xinzheng,GU Donglian,LIN Xuchuan,et al. Seismic assessment of ground motion near the epicenter of the 7. 0 earthquake in Jiuzhaigou,Sichuan[J]. Standardization of Engineering Construction,2017(8):68-73.(in Chinese)
[29]戴君武,孙柏涛,李山有,等.四川九寨沟7. 0级地震之工程震害[M].地震出版社,2018:19.DAI Junwu,SUN Baitao,LI Shanyou,et al. Engineering Damage in Jiuzhaigou Ms7. 0 Earthquake[M]. Seismological Press,2018:19.(in Chinese)
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