《文心雕龙》关键词在海外译介中的误读与悟读
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摘要
在深化文明交流互鉴、共建"人类命运共同体"的当下,中国文论的外译已成为当前学界关注的重要议题。在文学阐释学理论的基础上,通过系统梳理、理论阐释及微观细读,可以发现《文心雕龙》关键词在传译过程中存在着两种不同的解读,即误读和悟读。误读是主体由于自我理解不足而进行的有目的选择,而悟读则拓展了中国文论多元的研究视域及阐释空间。中国文论关键词外译应建立在视域重合的诠释学理论基础之上,尽可能地追求文学理论翻译的普效性和广受度,通过中西文论间的双向阐释,消解不合理的误读,走向合理的悟读。
Nowadays, we are deepening exchanges and mutual learning among civilization and jointly building the community with a shared future for mankind, the translation of Chinese literary theory has become an important issue attracting much attention in the academic circles. Against this background, this article employs literary hermeneutics as its theoretical basis and conducts a study that focuses on English translations of keywords in Wenxin Diaolong, the magnum opus that epitomizes Chinese literary theory. Through systemic analysis, theoretical interpretation and micro-reading, it identifies two types of readings: misreading and enlightened reading. While misreading is the subject's conscious choice resulting from a lack of sufficient understanding, enlightened reading expands the research horizons and interpretive space of Chinese literary theory. This paper proposes that the translation of key words in Chinese literary criticism should base itself on the fusion of horizons in hermeneutics and aim to achieve as much universality and as wide acceptance as possible. With a thorough understanding of Chinese and Western literary theories, the translation of keywords should eliminate unreasonable misunderstandings through a two-way interpretation so as to gain reasonable enlightened reading.
Nowadays, we are deepening exchanges and mutual learning among civilization and jointly building the community with a shared future for mankind, the translation of Chinese literary theory has become an important issue attracting much attention in the academic circles. Against this background, this article employs literary hermeneutics as its theoretical basis and conducts a study that focuses on English translations of keywords in Wenxin Diaolong, the magnum opus that epitomizes Chinese literary theory. Through systemic analysis, theoretical interpretation and micro-reading, it identifies two types of readings: misreading and enlightened reading. While misreading is the subject's conscious choice resulting from a lack of sufficient understanding, enlightened reading expands the research horizons and interpretive space of Chinese literary theory. This paper proposes that the translation of key words in Chinese literary criticism should base itself on the fusion of horizons in hermeneutics and aim to achieve as much universality and as wide acceptance as possible. With a thorough understanding of Chinese and Western literary theories, the translation of keywords should eliminate unreasonable misunderstandings through a two-way interpretation so as to gain reasonable enlightened reading.
引文
[1][22]周振甫:《文心雕龙今译》,北京:中华书局,2013年,第277-278、437页。
[2]Harold Bloom,A Map of Misreading,New York:Oxford University Press,2003,p.3.
[3]Paul de Man,Blindness and Insight:Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism,New York:Oxford University Press,1971,p.109.
[4]乐黛云、勒·比松:《独角兽与龙——在寻找中西文化普遍性中的误读》,北京:北京大学出版社,1995年,第111页。
[5]Owen.S(宇文所安),Readings in Chinese Literary Thought,Cambridge,Massachusetts and London:Harvard University Press,1992,pp.187-330.
[6]Victor H.M.(梅维恒),The Columbia History of Chinese Literature,New York:Columbia University Press,2000,p.46.
[7]Stephen F.Teiser,Martin Kern and Timothy Brook,ed.,Handbook of Oriental Studies,section four China,Boston:Brill,2014,pp.1357-1359.
[8]余虹:《中国文论与西方思学》,北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1999年,第171-172页。
[9]李建中:《文心雕龙讲演录》,桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2008年,第50页。
[10][12][19][23][25][27]宇文所安:《中国文论:英译与评论》,上海:上海社会科学出版社,2003年,第289、216、225、238、254、300页。
[11][18][20][26][28]戴文静、古风:《北美〈文心雕龙〉的译介与研究》,扬州:扬州大学博士学位论文,2018年。
[13]陈军:《文类基本问题研究》,北京:北京大学出版社,2013年,第9页。
[14][17]张少康:《刘勰及其〈文心雕龙〉研究》,北京:北京大学出版社,2010年,第125、205页。
[15]黄侃:《文心雕龙札记》,上海:上海古籍出版社,2000年,第203页。
[16]王运煕:《文心雕龙探索》,上海:上海古籍出版社,2014年,第321页。
[21]王元化:《文心雕龙讲疏》,上海:上海三联书店,2012年,第145页。
[24]杨明:《文心雕龙精读》,上海:复旦大学出版社,2007年,第149页。
[29]王宁:《“后理论时代”中国文论的国际化走向和理论建构》,《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2010年第2期。
[30]曹顺庆:《比较文学学》,成都:四川大学出版社,2005年,第284页。
[31]戴文静:《误读与悟读:〈文心雕龙〉书名英译研究》,《复旦外国语言文学论丛》2017秋季号。
(1)三个全译本分别是:Shih,Vincent Y.C.(施友忠),The Literary Mind and the Craving of Dragons,A Study of Thought and Pattern in Chinese Literature,New York:Columbia University Press,1959;Wong,Siu-kit,Allan Chung-hang Lo and Kwong-tai Lam(黄兆杰、卢仲衡、林光泰),The Book of Literary Design,Hong Kong:Hong Kong University Press,1999;Yang Guobin(杨国斌),Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind,Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2003。
(2)康达维、张台萍编的《上古与中古早期中国文学研究书目》(Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature:A Reference Guide)两卷,为《东方学手册》中国卷第25种。其中兼收中文、西文书目,涵盖先秦至六朝的文学研究,所收书目全面,反映中国文学研究的发展。康、张译的《文心雕龙》关键词也都出自该书目。
[2]Harold Bloom,A Map of Misreading,New York:Oxford University Press,2003,p.3.
[3]Paul de Man,Blindness and Insight:Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism,New York:Oxford University Press,1971,p.109.
[4]乐黛云、勒·比松:《独角兽与龙——在寻找中西文化普遍性中的误读》,北京:北京大学出版社,1995年,第111页。
[5]Owen.S(宇文所安),Readings in Chinese Literary Thought,Cambridge,Massachusetts and London:Harvard University Press,1992,pp.187-330.
[6]Victor H.M.(梅维恒),The Columbia History of Chinese Literature,New York:Columbia University Press,2000,p.46.
[7]Stephen F.Teiser,Martin Kern and Timothy Brook,ed.,Handbook of Oriental Studies,section four China,Boston:Brill,2014,pp.1357-1359.
[8]余虹:《中国文论与西方思学》,北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1999年,第171-172页。
[9]李建中:《文心雕龙讲演录》,桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2008年,第50页。
[10][12][19][23][25][27]宇文所安:《中国文论:英译与评论》,上海:上海社会科学出版社,2003年,第289、216、225、238、254、300页。
[11][18][20][26][28]戴文静、古风:《北美〈文心雕龙〉的译介与研究》,扬州:扬州大学博士学位论文,2018年。
[13]陈军:《文类基本问题研究》,北京:北京大学出版社,2013年,第9页。
[14][17]张少康:《刘勰及其〈文心雕龙〉研究》,北京:北京大学出版社,2010年,第125、205页。
[15]黄侃:《文心雕龙札记》,上海:上海古籍出版社,2000年,第203页。
[16]王运煕:《文心雕龙探索》,上海:上海古籍出版社,2014年,第321页。
[21]王元化:《文心雕龙讲疏》,上海:上海三联书店,2012年,第145页。
[24]杨明:《文心雕龙精读》,上海:复旦大学出版社,2007年,第149页。
[29]王宁:《“后理论时代”中国文论的国际化走向和理论建构》,《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2010年第2期。
[30]曹顺庆:《比较文学学》,成都:四川大学出版社,2005年,第284页。
[31]戴文静:《误读与悟读:〈文心雕龙〉书名英译研究》,《复旦外国语言文学论丛》2017秋季号。
(1)三个全译本分别是:Shih,Vincent Y.C.(施友忠),The Literary Mind and the Craving of Dragons,A Study of Thought and Pattern in Chinese Literature,New York:Columbia University Press,1959;Wong,Siu-kit,Allan Chung-hang Lo and Kwong-tai Lam(黄兆杰、卢仲衡、林光泰),The Book of Literary Design,Hong Kong:Hong Kong University Press,1999;Yang Guobin(杨国斌),Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind,Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2003。
(2)康达维、张台萍编的《上古与中古早期中国文学研究书目》(Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature:A Reference Guide)两卷,为《东方学手册》中国卷第25种。其中兼收中文、西文书目,涵盖先秦至六朝的文学研究,所收书目全面,反映中国文学研究的发展。康、张译的《文心雕龙》关键词也都出自该书目。
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