饲粮NDF/NFC对泌乳中期奶牛瘤胃甲烷排放量、营养物质表观消化率及生产性能的影响
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摘要
试验采用六氟化硫(SF_6)示踪技术测定生产条件下泌乳奶牛瘤胃甲烷排放量,旨在研究饲粮NDF/NFC(中性洗涤纤维/非纤维性碳水化合物)对泌乳中期奶牛甲烷排放量、营养物质表观消化率和生产性能的影响。试验选用体重(649.54±18.44)kg、胎次(1.42±0.15)胎、泌乳天数(170.08±19.04)d、产奶量(18.46±0.89)kg/d的荷斯坦奶牛12头,随机分配到3组,每组4头。各组饲粮NDF/NFC分别为1.44、1.65、1.82。试验期为28 d,包括14 d预饲期和14 d正试期。结果表明:①泌乳中期奶牛瘤胃甲烷排放量、甲烷能、甲烷/干物质采食量及甲烷能/总能摄入量在3个处理组间均有极显著差异(P<0.01);②低NDF组NFC的表观消化率显著高于高NDF组(P<0.05);③生产性能和日增重在3组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,在不影响奶牛健康和生产性能的前提下,NDF/NFC为1.44的低NDF组饲粮能显著降低泌乳中期奶牛瘤胃甲烷排放量。
Methane emissions from lactating cows under production condition were determined by sulfur hexafluoride(SF_6) tracer technique in order to study the effects of dietary NDF/NFC(neutral detergent fiber/non-fiber carbohydrate) on rumen methane emission, nutrient apparent digestibility and production performance of dairy cows during middle lactation period. Twelve Holstein lactating cows were selected with body weight(649.54±18.44) kg, parity(1.42±0.15) parities, lactating days(170.08±19.04)d and milk yield(18.46±0.89)kg/d and were randomly allocated to 3 groups with 4 lactating cows in each group. Dietary NDF/NFC was 1.44, 1.65 and 1.82. The whole experiment lasted for 28 d with 14 d of pre-test and 14 d of test. The results showed that: ① there was highly significant difference(P<0.01) in rumen methane emissions,methane energy, methane/DMI, and methane energy/GEI among the 3 groups.② The apparent digestibility of NFC in low NDF group was significantly higher than that in high NDF group(P<0.05). ③ There was no significant difference(P>0.05) in production performance and average daily gain among the 3 groups. In conclusion,without affecting the health and production performance of dairy cows, low NDF group with NDF/NFC of 1.44 could significantly reduce rumen methane emissions during middle lactating period of dairy cows.
Methane emissions from lactating cows under production condition were determined by sulfur hexafluoride(SF_6) tracer technique in order to study the effects of dietary NDF/NFC(neutral detergent fiber/non-fiber carbohydrate) on rumen methane emission, nutrient apparent digestibility and production performance of dairy cows during middle lactation period. Twelve Holstein lactating cows were selected with body weight(649.54±18.44) kg, parity(1.42±0.15) parities, lactating days(170.08±19.04)d and milk yield(18.46±0.89)kg/d and were randomly allocated to 3 groups with 4 lactating cows in each group. Dietary NDF/NFC was 1.44, 1.65 and 1.82. The whole experiment lasted for 28 d with 14 d of pre-test and 14 d of test. The results showed that: ① there was highly significant difference(P<0.01) in rumen methane emissions,methane energy, methane/DMI, and methane energy/GEI among the 3 groups.② The apparent digestibility of NFC in low NDF group was significantly higher than that in high NDF group(P<0.05). ③ There was no significant difference(P>0.05) in production performance and average daily gain among the 3 groups. In conclusion,without affecting the health and production performance of dairy cows, low NDF group with NDF/NFC of 1.44 could significantly reduce rumen methane emissions during middle lactating period of dairy cows.
引文
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[15]易学武,张石蕊,刘海林,等.全混合日粮对奶牛生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响[J].中国奶牛,2006(6):11-15.
[16]史仁煌,董双钊,付瑶,等.饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(8):2414-2422.
[17]Tjardes K E.Neutral detergent fiber concentration in corn silage influences dry matter intake,diet digestibility,and performance of Angus and Holstein steers[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(3):841.
[18]张林,李烨青,王泽栋,等.日粮NFC/NDF水平对泌乳后期奶牛生产性能、血液生化及抗氧化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2018,50(6):29-32.
[19]Lykkesfeldt J,Svendsen O.Oxidants and antioxidants in disease:Oxidative stress in farm animals[J].Veterinary Journal,2007,173(3):502-511.
[20]Turk R,Jureti D,Gere D,et al.Influence of oxidative stress and metabolic adaptation on PON1 activity and MDA level in transition dairy cows[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2008,108(1/2):106.
[21]Broderick G A,Radloff W J.Effect of Molasses Supplementation on the Production of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Diets Based on Alfalfa and Corn Silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(9):2997-3009.
[22]Penner G B,Oba M.Increasing dietary sugar concentration may improve dry matter intake,ruminal fermentation,and productivity of dairy cows in the postpartum phase of the transition period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(7):3353.
[23]Overton T R,Waldron M R.Nutritional Management of Transition Dairy Cows:Strategies to Optimize Metabolic Health[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004:87.
[2]Denmead O T,Leuning R,Griffith D W T,et al.Verifying Inventory Predictions of Animal Methane Emissions with Meteorological Measurements[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2000,96(1/2):187-209.
[3]郭雪峰,李华伟,金海,等.不同营养水平下内蒙古白绒山羊的甲烷排放量[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(5):42-44.
[4]樊霞,董红敏,韩鲁佳,等.肉牛甲烷排放影响因素的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(8):179-183.
[5]Johnson K,Huyler M,Westberg H,et al.Measurement of methane emissions from ruminant livestock using a sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1994,28(2):359-362.
[6]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].中国农业大学出版社,2010.
[7]熊本海,庞之洪,罗清尧.饲料数据描述规范及评价进展[M].中国农业科学科技出版社,2008.
[8]Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[9]Zhong R Z,Li J G,Gao Y X,et al.Effects of Substitution of Different Levels of Steam-Flaked Corn for Finely Ground Corn on Lactation and Digestion in Early Lactation Dairy Cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(10):3937.
[10]Lovett D,Lovell S,Stack L,et al.Effect of forage/concentrate ratio and dietary coconut oil level on methane output and performance of finishing beef heifers[J].Livestock Production Science,2003,84(2):135-146.
[11]Lovett D K,Stack L J,Lovell S,et al.Manipulating enteric methane emissions and animal performance of late-lactation dairy cows through concentrate supplementation at pasture[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(8):2836-2842.
[12]Hindrichsen I K,Wettstein H R,A.Machmüller,et al.Methane emission,nutrient degradation and nitrogen turnover in dairy cows and their slurry at different milk production scenarios with and without concentrate supplementation[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2006,113(1):150-161.
[13]Benchaar C,Pomar C,Chiquette J.Evaluation of dietary strategies to reduce methane production in rumin[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2001,81(4):563-574.
[14]Brunette T,Baurhoo B,Mustafa A F.Effects of replacing grass silage with forage pearl millet silage on milk yield,nutrient digestion,and ruminal fermentation of lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(1):269-279.
[15]易学武,张石蕊,刘海林,等.全混合日粮对奶牛生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响[J].中国奶牛,2006(6):11-15.
[16]史仁煌,董双钊,付瑶,等.饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(8):2414-2422.
[17]Tjardes K E.Neutral detergent fiber concentration in corn silage influences dry matter intake,diet digestibility,and performance of Angus and Holstein steers[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(3):841.
[18]张林,李烨青,王泽栋,等.日粮NFC/NDF水平对泌乳后期奶牛生产性能、血液生化及抗氧化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2018,50(6):29-32.
[19]Lykkesfeldt J,Svendsen O.Oxidants and antioxidants in disease:Oxidative stress in farm animals[J].Veterinary Journal,2007,173(3):502-511.
[20]Turk R,Jureti D,Gere D,et al.Influence of oxidative stress and metabolic adaptation on PON1 activity and MDA level in transition dairy cows[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2008,108(1/2):106.
[21]Broderick G A,Radloff W J.Effect of Molasses Supplementation on the Production of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Diets Based on Alfalfa and Corn Silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(9):2997-3009.
[22]Penner G B,Oba M.Increasing dietary sugar concentration may improve dry matter intake,ruminal fermentation,and productivity of dairy cows in the postpartum phase of the transition period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(7):3353.
[23]Overton T R,Waldron M R.Nutritional Management of Transition Dairy Cows:Strategies to Optimize Metabolic Health[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004:87.
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