有机无机肥配施对张家口地区架豆产量及经济效益的影响
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摘要
为了给张家口地区架豆生产上合理施肥提供科学依据,以覆膜直播、大小行种植的大扁2号架豆为试材,设常规施肥(底施硫酸钾型掺混肥+追施富尔佳水溶肥)、施用化肥(底施硫酸钾型掺混肥+追施肥尔得水溶肥)、有机无机肥配施(底施商品有机肥+追施肥尔得水溶肥)、有机无机肥配施+增效剂(底施商品有机肥+追施肥尔得水溶肥+木醋液) 4个处理,研究了不同施肥处理对架豆产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:采用有机无机肥配施模式有利于提高架豆产量和经济效益,其中,底施商品有机肥+追施肥尔得水溶肥+木醋液处理的架豆产量(20 745 kg/hm~2)和经济效益(15 0975元/hm~2)均最高,产投比达34.22︰1,较常规施肥处理增产7.29%、增效14.66%;其次是底施商品有机肥+追施肥尔得水溶肥处理,较常规施肥增产3.65%,经济效益达145 110元/hm~2。张家口地区种植架豆时,推荐采用有机无机肥配施+木醋液的施肥模式。
In order to provide the scientific and optimum fertilizer management for pole bean production in Zhangjiakou, taking film mulching and direct seeding pole bean variety Dabian No.2 as material, four treatments of fertilizers application were set including conventional fertilization(bottom application of K2 SO4 bulk blend fertilizer and topdressing with Fuerjia water-soluble fertilizer), chemical fertilizer application(bottom application of K2 SO4 bulk blend fertilizer and topdressing with Feierde water-soluble fertilizer),combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers(bottom application of commercial organic fertilizer and topdressing with Feierde water-soluble fertilizer), and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers with synergist(bottom application of commercial organic fertilizer,topdressing Feierde water-soluble fertilizer and pyroligneous). The effects of fertilizers application on the yield,cost and economic benefit of pole bean were studied in a plastic greenhouse. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the yield and economic benefit of pole bean. With the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers with synergist,the high yield and economic benefit was 20 745 kg/hm~2 and 150 975 yuan/hm~2,respectively,which increased by 7.29% and 14.66% than conventional fertilization,and the ratio of output to input reached 34.22︰1. The effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers took the second place,the yield increased by 3.65% than conventional fertilization,and the economic benefit reached 145 110 yuan/hm~2.The combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers with pyroligneous were recommended in pole bean production in Zhangjiakou.
In order to provide the scientific and optimum fertilizer management for pole bean production in Zhangjiakou, taking film mulching and direct seeding pole bean variety Dabian No.2 as material, four treatments of fertilizers application were set including conventional fertilization(bottom application of K2 SO4 bulk blend fertilizer and topdressing with Fuerjia water-soluble fertilizer), chemical fertilizer application(bottom application of K2 SO4 bulk blend fertilizer and topdressing with Feierde water-soluble fertilizer),combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers(bottom application of commercial organic fertilizer and topdressing with Feierde water-soluble fertilizer), and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers with synergist(bottom application of commercial organic fertilizer,topdressing Feierde water-soluble fertilizer and pyroligneous). The effects of fertilizers application on the yield,cost and economic benefit of pole bean were studied in a plastic greenhouse. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the yield and economic benefit of pole bean. With the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers with synergist,the high yield and economic benefit was 20 745 kg/hm~2 and 150 975 yuan/hm~2,respectively,which increased by 7.29% and 14.66% than conventional fertilization,and the ratio of output to input reached 34.22︰1. The effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers took the second place,the yield increased by 3.65% than conventional fertilization,and the economic benefit reached 145 110 yuan/hm~2.The combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers with pyroligneous were recommended in pole bean production in Zhangjiakou.
引文
[1]王春宏,贾茹,马晓东,张迪,刘羚慧,姜佰文.商品有机肥与无机肥配施对白菜品质和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2015,(11):169-172.
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[3]郑凤霞,董树亭,刘鹏,张吉旺,赵斌.长期有机无机肥配施对冬小麦籽粒产量及氨挥发损失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):567-577.
[4]宋震震,李絮花,李娟,林治安,赵秉强.有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,(3):525-533.
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[7]吴建军,韩永亮,王心星,谢勇,荣湘民.不同有机无机肥配施对莴苣的光合作用及产质量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2014,(10):25-27.
[8]董春华,高菊生,曾希柏,刘强,徐明岗,文石林.长期有机无机肥配施下红壤性稻田水稻产量及土壤有机碳变化特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):336-345.
[9]汤桂容,周旋,田昌,彭辉辉,张玉平,荣湘民.有机无机氮肥配施对蔬菜产量、品质及经济效益的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1292-1299.
[10]范美蓉,罗琳,廖育林,陈煦,彭辉辉.有机无机复混肥对豆角、黄瓜和辣椒产量及经济效益的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2008,(10):67-68.
[11]刘羚慧.有机-无机肥料配施对大白菜产量及品质的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.
[12]平安,杨国亭,于学军.木醋液在农业上的应用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(19):244-247.
[13]秦军,段海涛,王新军.木醋液对设施蔬菜生长调节效果研究[J].农业与技术,2016,36(16):11-12.
[14]周红娟,耿玉清,丛日春,李莹飞,刘铎.木醋液对盐碱土化学性质、酶活性及相关性的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):105-111.
[15]斯日木极,孔涛,郑爽,那冰静,林锦毅,张廉崧,孟娇.木醋液对辽西北低、中肥力土壤小白菜产量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(5):52-57.
[16]毕巍扬.喷施木醋液对叶菜产量和品质及土壤性质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[17]周传余,郎英,周超.木醋液在番茄上的应用效果研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011,(3):47-49.
[18]杜相革,史咏竹.木醋液及其主要成分对土壤微生物数量影响的研究[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(3):45-47,57.
[19]许前欣,李玉华,于彩虹.提高农产品品质与减少硝酸盐污染的施肥技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(3):89-91.
[20]马俊永,李科江,曹彩云,郑春莲.有机-无机肥长期配施对潮土土壤肥力和作物产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):236-241.
[21]杨程,刘秋香.有机无机肥配施对土壤理化性质和番茄生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):256-258.
[22]李明悦,朱静华,廉晓娟,高伟,宁晓光,高贤彪.有机无机氮肥配施对芹菜产量、品质及土壤硝酸盐含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(13):178-181.
[23]胡春花,达布希拉图.木醋液和炭醋肥对设施蔬菜土壤肥力及蔬菜产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(10):218-223.
[24]戚俊,王旭琴,戴伟,夏良放,邓宗付,于海霞,薛文悦.竹酢液对杉木苗木生长效应和土壤肥力影响的研究[J].河北林果研究,2008,23(2):132-135,145.
[2]杨清龙,刘鹏,董树亭,张吉旺,赵斌,李荣发,任昊,任寒,韩祥飞.有机无机肥配施对夏玉米氮素气态损失及籽粒产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(13):2476-2488.
[3]郑凤霞,董树亭,刘鹏,张吉旺,赵斌.长期有机无机肥配施对冬小麦籽粒产量及氨挥发损失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):567-577.
[4]宋震震,李絮花,李娟,林治安,赵秉强.有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,(3):525-533.
[5]周焱,罗安程.有机肥对大棚蔬菜品质的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2004,16(4):210-212.
[6]汤宏,张杨珠,曾掌权,侯金权.施用有机肥对蔬菜品质影响的研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2009,(6):69-72.
[7]吴建军,韩永亮,王心星,谢勇,荣湘民.不同有机无机肥配施对莴苣的光合作用及产质量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2014,(10):25-27.
[8]董春华,高菊生,曾希柏,刘强,徐明岗,文石林.长期有机无机肥配施下红壤性稻田水稻产量及土壤有机碳变化特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):336-345.
[9]汤桂容,周旋,田昌,彭辉辉,张玉平,荣湘民.有机无机氮肥配施对蔬菜产量、品质及经济效益的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1292-1299.
[10]范美蓉,罗琳,廖育林,陈煦,彭辉辉.有机无机复混肥对豆角、黄瓜和辣椒产量及经济效益的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2008,(10):67-68.
[11]刘羚慧.有机-无机肥料配施对大白菜产量及品质的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.
[12]平安,杨国亭,于学军.木醋液在农业上的应用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(19):244-247.
[13]秦军,段海涛,王新军.木醋液对设施蔬菜生长调节效果研究[J].农业与技术,2016,36(16):11-12.
[14]周红娟,耿玉清,丛日春,李莹飞,刘铎.木醋液对盐碱土化学性质、酶活性及相关性的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):105-111.
[15]斯日木极,孔涛,郑爽,那冰静,林锦毅,张廉崧,孟娇.木醋液对辽西北低、中肥力土壤小白菜产量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(5):52-57.
[16]毕巍扬.喷施木醋液对叶菜产量和品质及土壤性质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[17]周传余,郎英,周超.木醋液在番茄上的应用效果研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011,(3):47-49.
[18]杜相革,史咏竹.木醋液及其主要成分对土壤微生物数量影响的研究[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(3):45-47,57.
[19]许前欣,李玉华,于彩虹.提高农产品品质与减少硝酸盐污染的施肥技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(3):89-91.
[20]马俊永,李科江,曹彩云,郑春莲.有机-无机肥长期配施对潮土土壤肥力和作物产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):236-241.
[21]杨程,刘秋香.有机无机肥配施对土壤理化性质和番茄生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):256-258.
[22]李明悦,朱静华,廉晓娟,高伟,宁晓光,高贤彪.有机无机氮肥配施对芹菜产量、品质及土壤硝酸盐含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(13):178-181.
[23]胡春花,达布希拉图.木醋液和炭醋肥对设施蔬菜土壤肥力及蔬菜产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(10):218-223.
[24]戚俊,王旭琴,戴伟,夏良放,邓宗付,于海霞,薛文悦.竹酢液对杉木苗木生长效应和土壤肥力影响的研究[J].河北林果研究,2008,23(2):132-135,145.
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