人为干扰对西天山野果林群落结构和物种多样性的影响
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摘要
[目的]探究人为干扰对西天山野果林群落结构和物种多样性的影响,为后期野果林的恢复、保护提供理论依据。[方法]以西天山野果林为研究对象,采用典型样地法,选择32个20 m×20 m具代表性的样地布置样方。以乔木径级结构、高度级结构及各层次物种组成和物种多样性指数作为评价指标,对比研究轻度(距离核心景区2～3 km)、中度(距离核心景区1～2 km)、重度(距离核心景区0～1 km)3种人为干扰强度下群落结构和物种多样性的变化。[结果]①从群落结构来看,轻度和中度干扰条件下乔木个体多分布在中径级(20 cm群落结构与轻度和中度干扰下乔木层的群落结构明显不同。②在总面积为1.28 hm~2的32个样地中,共记录到93个植物物种,隶属于40科84属;物种数随着人为干扰强度增加呈递减趋势,轻度、中度和重度干扰下群落的物种数依次为93种、69种和51种。Shannon-Wiener指数H值、均匀度指数J值随人为干扰强度的增加而降低,优势度指数H’值随人为干扰强度的增加而增加。[结论]重度人为干扰会普遍降低野果林群落的物种多样性水平,造成群落结构不稳定,不利于植被恢复和物种多样性保护。
[Objective] The effects of human disturbance on the community structure and species diversity of wild fruit forests in the Western Tianshan Mountains were studied in order to provided a theoretical basis for the restoration and protection of the wild fruit forests. [Methods] The present study investigated the effects of human disturbance on plant diversity of wild fruit forests in Western Tianshan Mountain based on the 32 representative plots with 20 m×20 m for each plot. The arbor diameter structure, the height structure, and the species composition and species diversity index of each forest layer were used as evaluation indexes. The effects of slight human disturbance(far from the core scenic area at 2～3 km), medium human disturbance(far from the core scenic area at 1～2 km) and severe human disturbance(far from the core scenic area at 0～1 km) on community structure and plant diversity of wild fruit forests were investigated. [Results] ① From the perspective of community structure, the individuals with arbor under mild and moderate disturbance were mostly distributed in the medium diameter class(20 cm
[Objective] The effects of human disturbance on the community structure and species diversity of wild fruit forests in the Western Tianshan Mountains were studied in order to provided a theoretical basis for the restoration and protection of the wild fruit forests. [Methods] The present study investigated the effects of human disturbance on plant diversity of wild fruit forests in Western Tianshan Mountain based on the 32 representative plots with 20 m×20 m for each plot. The arbor diameter structure, the height structure, and the species composition and species diversity index of each forest layer were used as evaluation indexes. The effects of slight human disturbance(far from the core scenic area at 2～3 km), medium human disturbance(far from the core scenic area at 1～2 km) and severe human disturbance(far from the core scenic area at 0～1 km) on community structure and plant diversity of wild fruit forests were investigated. [Results] ① From the perspective of community structure, the individuals with arbor under mild and moderate disturbance were mostly distributed in the medium diameter class(20 cm
引文
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[8] 李瑞霞,闵建刚,彭婷婷,等.间伐对马尾松人工林植被物种多样性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(3):61-68.
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[11] 王磊,许正,晁海,等.新疆霍城县大、小西沟野果林种子植物组成及资源[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(3):446-452.
[12] 布海丽且姆·阿卜杜热合曼,刘会良,刘娜等.天山野果林种子植物区系分析[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(4):828-834.
[13] 田中平,庄丽,李建贵.伊犁河谷北坡垂直分布格局及其与环境的关系:一种特殊的双峰分布格局[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):147-158.
[14] 孙慧兰,李卫红,杨余辉,等.伊犁山地不同海拔土壤有机碳的分布[J].地理科学,2012,32(5):603-608.
[15] 吴甘霖,黄敏毅,段仁燕,等.不同强度旅游干扰对黄山松群落物种多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(12):3924-3930.
[16] 陈力,刘国华,刘丹,等.亚高山针叶林不同大小林窗植物多样性及其海拔动态[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(10):90-97.
[17] 郝建锋,王德艺,唐永彬,等.人为干扰对江油地区马尾松人工林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(5):729-735.
[18] 鲁庆彬,游卫云,赵昌杰,等.旅游干扰对青山湖风景区植物多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(2):295-302.
[19] 姚小兰,郝建锋,齐锦秋,等.人为干扰对川西碧峰峡木荷次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(11):18-26.
[2] Santangeli A,Wistbacka R,Hanski I K,et al.Ineffective enforced legislation for nature conservation:A case study with Siberian flying squirrel and forestry in a boreal landscape[J].Biological Conservation,2013,157:237-244.
[3] 陈芙蓉,程积民,刘伟,等.不同干扰对黄土区典型草原物种多样性和生物量的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(9):2856-2866.
[4] Villalobos A E D,Schwerdt L.Feral horses and alien plants:Effects on the structure and function of the Pampean Mountain grasslands(Argentina)[J].Ecoscience,2018,25(1):1-12.
[5] Korjus H,Laarmann D,Kangur A,et al.Habitat quality assessment of herb-rich spruce forests in Estonia[J].Journal of Engineering Science & Technology Review,2016,9(2):12-17.
[6] Ghaley B B,Porter J R.Ecosystem function and service quantification and valuation in a conventional winter wheat production system with DAISY model in Denmark[J].Ecosystem Services,2014,10:79-83.
[7] 周伶,上官铁梁,郭东罡,等.晋、陕、宁、蒙柠条锦鸡儿群落物种多样性对放牧干扰和气象因子的响应[J].生态学报,2012,32(1):111-122.
[8] 李瑞霞,闵建刚,彭婷婷,等.间伐对马尾松人工林植被物种多样性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(3):61-68.
[9] 田中平,庄丽,李建贵,等.伊犁河谷北坡野果林木本植物种间关系及环境解释[J].生物多样性,2011,19(3):335-342,396-397.
[10] 李利平,海鹰,安尼瓦尔·买买提,等.新疆伊犁地区野果林的群落特征及保护[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(1):60-66.
[11] 王磊,许正,晁海,等.新疆霍城县大、小西沟野果林种子植物组成及资源[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(3):446-452.
[12] 布海丽且姆·阿卜杜热合曼,刘会良,刘娜等.天山野果林种子植物区系分析[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(4):828-834.
[13] 田中平,庄丽,李建贵.伊犁河谷北坡垂直分布格局及其与环境的关系:一种特殊的双峰分布格局[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):147-158.
[14] 孙慧兰,李卫红,杨余辉,等.伊犁山地不同海拔土壤有机碳的分布[J].地理科学,2012,32(5):603-608.
[15] 吴甘霖,黄敏毅,段仁燕,等.不同强度旅游干扰对黄山松群落物种多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(12):3924-3930.
[16] 陈力,刘国华,刘丹,等.亚高山针叶林不同大小林窗植物多样性及其海拔动态[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(10):90-97.
[17] 郝建锋,王德艺,唐永彬,等.人为干扰对江油地区马尾松人工林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(5):729-735.
[18] 鲁庆彬,游卫云,赵昌杰,等.旅游干扰对青山湖风景区植物多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(2):295-302.
[19] 姚小兰,郝建锋,齐锦秋,等.人为干扰对川西碧峰峡木荷次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(11):18-26.
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