全膜双垄沟起垄覆膜机横向土带堆放机构的设计与试验
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摘要
为增强全膜双垄沟起垄覆膜机的覆膜、覆土质量,聚集降水,减少水土流失和地表径流,提出偏置轴承式、凸轮顶杆式、地轮拨齿式3种横向土带堆放机构,运用SolidWorks Motion对3种机构进行运动仿真与机构分析,优选出工作时间短、急回特性明显的横向土带堆放机构,并进行田间验证试验。仿真结果表明:在相同仿真参数情况下,地轮拨齿式横向土带堆放机构完成1次抖土压膜工作所需时间仅为0.29 s,抖土板位移为530.45 mm,倾角和张角分别为29.00°、21.39°,最大电动机消耗功率最小。田间验证试验表明:作业后横向土带宽度合格率为96.5%,间距合格率为95.3%,厚度合格率为95.5%。相比较偏置轴承式和凸轮顶杆式,地轮拨齿式机构放土质量均匀,急回效果好,不易粘土,能耗最少,覆土覆膜效果较好,符合全膜双垄沟作业要求,适宜于全膜双垄沟覆膜种床横向土带堆放。
In order to enhance the filming and covering quality of full-film double-furrow ridge mulching machine and reduce soil erosion and surface runoff,offset bearing,cam mandrel and ground wheel tooth types of transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism are proposed.Using SolidWorks Motion to perform motion simulation and mechanism analysis on three mechanisms,transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism with short working time and quick-return characteristics is selected and field verification tests are carried out.The simulation results show that:Under the same simulation parameters,the ground wheel tooth type transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism completes one time work that required for the shaking the soil to press the film is only 0.29 s,shaking soil plate displacement is 530.45 mm,inclination angle and open angle are respectively 29.00° and 21.39°,and the maximum motor power consumption is minimal.The field verification test shows that the width pass rate of transverse soil-belt is 96.5%,the clearance pass rate is 95.3%,and the thickness pass rate is 95.5%.Compared with the offset bearing type and cam mandrel type,the ground wheel tooth type transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism has uniform soil release quality and obvious quick-return characteristic that is not easy to stick soil,consumes the least amount of energy,and has good effect of filming and covering quality.It meets the requirements of full-film double-furrow operation and it is suitable to be used in ridge mulching laminating machine.
In order to enhance the filming and covering quality of full-film double-furrow ridge mulching machine and reduce soil erosion and surface runoff,offset bearing,cam mandrel and ground wheel tooth types of transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism are proposed.Using SolidWorks Motion to perform motion simulation and mechanism analysis on three mechanisms,transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism with short working time and quick-return characteristics is selected and field verification tests are carried out.The simulation results show that:Under the same simulation parameters,the ground wheel tooth type transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism completes one time work that required for the shaking the soil to press the film is only 0.29 s,shaking soil plate displacement is 530.45 mm,inclination angle and open angle are respectively 29.00° and 21.39°,and the maximum motor power consumption is minimal.The field verification test shows that the width pass rate of transverse soil-belt is 96.5%,the clearance pass rate is 95.3%,and the thickness pass rate is 95.5%.Compared with the offset bearing type and cam mandrel type,the ground wheel tooth type transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism has uniform soil release quality and obvious quick-return characteristic that is not easy to stick soil,consumes the least amount of energy,and has good effect of filming and covering quality.It meets the requirements of full-film double-furrow operation and it is suitable to be used in ridge mulching laminating machine.
引文
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[6]戴飞,赵武云,张锋伟,张华,冯福学.西北旱区玉米全膜双垄沟机械化播种技术与装备研究进展[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(8):217-222Dai F,Zhao W Y,Zhang F W,Zhang H,Feng F X.Current status of mechanization planting technology and equipment for corn whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges in the arid of northwest China[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(8):217-222(in Chinese)
[7]路宗尧,孙友谊,任连志,张涛,李艳洁,孙步功,张锋伟.全膜双垄沟旋耕起垄覆膜机的设计和试验研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(5):161-165Lu Z Y,Sun Y Y,Ren L Z,Zhang T,Li Y J,Sun B G,Zhang FW.Design for and experiment on rotary-tillage ridging filming machine for whole plastic-film double furrow sowing cultivation[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2015,50(5):161-165(in Chinese)
[8]孙步功,石林榕,孙伟,吴建民,张克平.全膜双垄沟旋耕起垄覆膜机改进设计与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(11):6-8Sun B G,Shi L R,Sun W,Wu J M,Zhang K P.Improved design and test of rotary-tillage ridging laminating machine for whole film double furrow[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(11):6-8(in Chinese)
[9]史增录,赵武云,马海军,蒋五洋,柴守玺.全膜双垄沟播起垄施肥铺膜机的研制[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(2):169-174Shi Z L,Zhao W Y,Ma H J,Jiang W Y,Chai S X.Whole plastic-film double furrow sowing cultivation of the design and manufacture of ridge fertilization filming machine[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(2):169-174(in Chinese)
[10]罗海玉,汪利林,折立旺.小动力全膜双垄沟覆膜机设计与试验[J].农业机械,2013,16(10):142-145Luo H Y,Wang L L,She L W.Design and test of small power full membrane double furrow laminating machine[J].Technology Forum,2013,16(10):142-145(in Chinese)
[11]何进,李洪文,张学敏,李问盈,张喜瑞.1QL-70型固定垄起垄机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(7):55-60He J,Li H W,Zhang X M,Li W Y,Zhang X R.Design and experiment of 1QL-70bed former for permanent raised beds[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(7):55-60(in Chinese)
[12]王文智,谭静.1GZ-60V型山地旋耕起垄机研制与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(2):67-69Wang W Z,Tan J,1GZ-60V mountain development and test of rotary tilling ridger[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013,34(2):67-69(in Chinese)
[13]赵晋,黄赟,徐锦大,姚爱萍,杨靖,傅剑.垄作覆膜机具的现状与发展[J].现代农机,2015(4):46-48Zhao J,Huang Y,Xu J D,Yao A P,Yang J,Fu J.The current situation and development of mulching and laminating tools[J].Modern agricultural machinery,2015(4):46-48(in Chinese)
[14]曾永梅.2MF-2型玉米双垄面施肥覆膜机研究设计[J].农业技术与装备,2012(16):77-79Zeng Y.Research and design of 2MF-2 corn double ridge fertilizing and laminating machine[J].Agricultural Technology&Equipment,2012(16):77-79(in Chinese)
[15]郭笑欢,戴飞,赵武云,石林榕,帅忠奎,吴一非.全膜双垄沟废膜捡拾打捆机的设计[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(9):32-36,55Guo X H,Dai F,Zhao W Y,Shi L R,Shuai Z K,Wu Y F.Design of the whole double furrow film picking baler Machine[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(9):32-36,55(in Chinese)
[16]王波,韩正晟,王松林,戴飞,高爱民.旱地全膜双垄沟残膜捡拾机的设计[J].农机化研究,2015,37(7):109-112Wang B,Han Z S,Wang S L,Dai F,Gao A M.Design of retrieving machine for film residue with whole plastic film mulching on double ridges in arid land[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research.2015,37(7):109-112(in Chinese)
[17]戴飞,赵武云,张锋伟,吴正文,宋学锋,吴一非.玉米全膜双垄沟残膜回收机作业性能优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):50-60Dai F,Zhao W Y,Zhang F W,Wu Z Y,Song X F,Wu Y F.Optimization and experiment of operating performance of collector for corn whole plastic film mulching on double ridges[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(18):50-60(in Chinese)
[18]辛尚龙,赵武云,戴飞,石林榕,马明义,赵新平.全膜双垄沟播玉米穗茎兼收对行联合收获机的研制[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(4):21-28Xin S L,Zhao W Y,Dai F,Shi L R,Ma M Y,Zhao X P.Development of corn combine harvester reaping both corn ear and stalk for whole plastic film mulching on double ridges[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(4):21-28(in Chinese)
[19]戴飞,赵武云,马明义,王久鑫,石林榕,马军民.双垄耕作施肥喷药覆膜机工作参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):83-90Dai F,Zhao W Y,Ma M Y,Wang J X,Shi L R,Ma J M.Parameters optimization of operation machine for tillagefertilization and spraying-filming on double ridges[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):83-90(in Chinese)
[20]陈超祥,胡其登.SOLIDWORKS Motion运动仿真教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016Chen C Q,Hu Q D.SOLIDWORKS Motion Simulation Tutorial[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2016(in Chinese)
[2]李永平,刘世新,贾志宽,聂俊峰,曹秀霞,李明芳.垄沟集水种植对土壤有效蓄水量及谷子生长、光合特性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2007,35(10):163-167Li Y P,Liu S X,Jia Z K,Nie J F,Cao X X,Li M F.Effects of water retaining planting technique under ridge and ditch microcollection on growth photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of dry-land foxtail millet[J].Journal of Northwest A&FUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2007,35(10):163-167(in Chinese)
[3]赵武云,戴飞,杨杰,史增录,杨正,石林榕.玉米全膜双垄沟直插式精量穴播机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(11):91-97Zhao W Y,Dai F,Yang J,Shi Z L,Yang Z,Shi L R.Design and experiment of direct insert precision hill-seeder with corn whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(11):91-97(in Chinese)
[4]戴飞,赵武云,马军民,王久鑫,石林榕,刘小龙.基于近等速机构的玉米全膜双垄沟穴播机作业性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(S1):49-56Dai F,Zhao W Y,Ma J M,Wang J X,Shi L R,Liu X L.Operation performance test of hill-seeder based on mechanism with approximate constant speed for corn whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(S1):49-56(in Chinese)
[5]杨祁峰,刘广才,熊春蓉,张成荣,朱永永.旱地玉米全膜双垄沟播技术的水分高效利用机理研究[J].农业现代化研究,2010,31(1):113-117Yang Q F,Liu G C,Xiong C R,Zhang C R,Zhu Y Y.Study on highly efficient water utilizing mechanisms on techniques of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows of dry-land maize[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2010,31(1):113-117(in Chinese)
[6]戴飞,赵武云,张锋伟,张华,冯福学.西北旱区玉米全膜双垄沟机械化播种技术与装备研究进展[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(8):217-222Dai F,Zhao W Y,Zhang F W,Zhang H,Feng F X.Current status of mechanization planting technology and equipment for corn whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges in the arid of northwest China[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(8):217-222(in Chinese)
[7]路宗尧,孙友谊,任连志,张涛,李艳洁,孙步功,张锋伟.全膜双垄沟旋耕起垄覆膜机的设计和试验研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(5):161-165Lu Z Y,Sun Y Y,Ren L Z,Zhang T,Li Y J,Sun B G,Zhang FW.Design for and experiment on rotary-tillage ridging filming machine for whole plastic-film double furrow sowing cultivation[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2015,50(5):161-165(in Chinese)
[8]孙步功,石林榕,孙伟,吴建民,张克平.全膜双垄沟旋耕起垄覆膜机改进设计与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(11):6-8Sun B G,Shi L R,Sun W,Wu J M,Zhang K P.Improved design and test of rotary-tillage ridging laminating machine for whole film double furrow[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(11):6-8(in Chinese)
[9]史增录,赵武云,马海军,蒋五洋,柴守玺.全膜双垄沟播起垄施肥铺膜机的研制[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(2):169-174Shi Z L,Zhao W Y,Ma H J,Jiang W Y,Chai S X.Whole plastic-film double furrow sowing cultivation of the design and manufacture of ridge fertilization filming machine[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(2):169-174(in Chinese)
[10]罗海玉,汪利林,折立旺.小动力全膜双垄沟覆膜机设计与试验[J].农业机械,2013,16(10):142-145Luo H Y,Wang L L,She L W.Design and test of small power full membrane double furrow laminating machine[J].Technology Forum,2013,16(10):142-145(in Chinese)
[11]何进,李洪文,张学敏,李问盈,张喜瑞.1QL-70型固定垄起垄机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(7):55-60He J,Li H W,Zhang X M,Li W Y,Zhang X R.Design and experiment of 1QL-70bed former for permanent raised beds[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(7):55-60(in Chinese)
[12]王文智,谭静.1GZ-60V型山地旋耕起垄机研制与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(2):67-69Wang W Z,Tan J,1GZ-60V mountain development and test of rotary tilling ridger[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013,34(2):67-69(in Chinese)
[13]赵晋,黄赟,徐锦大,姚爱萍,杨靖,傅剑.垄作覆膜机具的现状与发展[J].现代农机,2015(4):46-48Zhao J,Huang Y,Xu J D,Yao A P,Yang J,Fu J.The current situation and development of mulching and laminating tools[J].Modern agricultural machinery,2015(4):46-48(in Chinese)
[14]曾永梅.2MF-2型玉米双垄面施肥覆膜机研究设计[J].农业技术与装备,2012(16):77-79Zeng Y.Research and design of 2MF-2 corn double ridge fertilizing and laminating machine[J].Agricultural Technology&Equipment,2012(16):77-79(in Chinese)
[15]郭笑欢,戴飞,赵武云,石林榕,帅忠奎,吴一非.全膜双垄沟废膜捡拾打捆机的设计[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(9):32-36,55Guo X H,Dai F,Zhao W Y,Shi L R,Shuai Z K,Wu Y F.Design of the whole double furrow film picking baler Machine[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(9):32-36,55(in Chinese)
[16]王波,韩正晟,王松林,戴飞,高爱民.旱地全膜双垄沟残膜捡拾机的设计[J].农机化研究,2015,37(7):109-112Wang B,Han Z S,Wang S L,Dai F,Gao A M.Design of retrieving machine for film residue with whole plastic film mulching on double ridges in arid land[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research.2015,37(7):109-112(in Chinese)
[17]戴飞,赵武云,张锋伟,吴正文,宋学锋,吴一非.玉米全膜双垄沟残膜回收机作业性能优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):50-60Dai F,Zhao W Y,Zhang F W,Wu Z Y,Song X F,Wu Y F.Optimization and experiment of operating performance of collector for corn whole plastic film mulching on double ridges[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(18):50-60(in Chinese)
[18]辛尚龙,赵武云,戴飞,石林榕,马明义,赵新平.全膜双垄沟播玉米穗茎兼收对行联合收获机的研制[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(4):21-28Xin S L,Zhao W Y,Dai F,Shi L R,Ma M Y,Zhao X P.Development of corn combine harvester reaping both corn ear and stalk for whole plastic film mulching on double ridges[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(4):21-28(in Chinese)
[19]戴飞,赵武云,马明义,王久鑫,石林榕,马军民.双垄耕作施肥喷药覆膜机工作参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):83-90Dai F,Zhao W Y,Ma M Y,Wang J X,Shi L R,Ma J M.Parameters optimization of operation machine for tillagefertilization and spraying-filming on double ridges[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):83-90(in Chinese)
[20]陈超祥,胡其登.SOLIDWORKS Motion运动仿真教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016Chen C Q,Hu Q D.SOLIDWORKS Motion Simulation Tutorial[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2016(in Chinese)
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