茂兰喀斯特森林小果润楠蒸腾特征及影响因素
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摘要
【目的】探究喀斯特森林优势树种小果润楠蒸腾特征及其影响因素,为进一步分析茂兰喀斯特原生林的水文生态过程及喀斯特地区森林的保护与生态修复提供科学依据。【方法】基于热扩散探针法和Campbell自动气象站,于2016年7月—2017年6月,对茂兰喀斯特森林优势树种小果润楠的蒸腾量进行了为期1年的连续监测。【结果】小果润楠蒸腾的日变化过程在各种天气条件下均呈典型的单峰型曲线,且呈明显的"昼高夜低"变化规律。晴天条件下,单木水平蒸腾速率日变化和叶片水平的光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化趋势基本一致。不同天气条件下的蒸腾通量为晴天(122.00 g/h)>阴天(76.06 g/h)>雨天(19.60 g/h),且差异极显著,晴天的日平均蒸腾通量是阴天的1.60倍,是雨天的6.22倍,阴天是雨天的3.88倍。各季节的单株日均蒸腾量依次为夏季[(1.86±0.22) kg/d]>秋季[(1.71±0.38) kg/d]>春季[(1.59±0.13)kg/d]>冬季[(1.07±0.39) kg/d],全年单木蒸腾量为570.31 kg,其中生长季蒸腾量(472.29 kg)占全年蒸腾量的82.81%,非生长季蒸腾量(98.02 kg)占17.19%。各季节的蒸腾量以夏季(171.65 kg)最高,其次是秋季(155.60 kg),春季(145.04 kg)较低,冬季(98.02 kg)最低,分别占全年蒸腾量的30.10%、27.28%、25.43%和17.19%。相关分析和回归分析结果表明,太阳辐射和水汽压亏缺与蒸腾速率均呈正相关。【结论】太阳辐射和水汽压亏缺为蒸腾主导因子,降雨对蒸腾多是抑制作用,而风速和不同深度的土壤水分对蒸腾的作用因天气和季节的不同而存在差异。
【Objective】The transpiration characteristics and influencing factors of the dominant tree species Machilus microcarpa in the Maolan Karst forest were determined. This provided scientific basis for further analysis of the hydro-ecological process of the Maolan primary forest and the Karst area of forest protection and ecological restoration. 【Method】 Utilizing the thermal dissipation probe method and a Campbell automatic weather station, the transpiration of the dominant tree species M. microcarpa was continuously monitored from July 2016 to June 2017 in the Maolan Karst forest, and the photosynthetic and transpiration rates of the leaves measured. 【Result】 The diurnal variation of M. microcarpa transpiration rate showed a typical single-peak curve under all types of weather conditions, and displayed a clear fluctuating trend with high transpiration in the daytime and low transpiration at nighttime. Under sunny weather conditions, the diurnal variation trend of the horizontal transpiration rate of a single tree was consistent with that of the photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate at the leaf level. Under different weather conditions, the transpiration rate showed highly significant differences, with the following averages: 122.00 g/h on sunny days, 76.06 g/h on cloudy days, and 19.60 g/h on rainy days. The daily average transpiration rates on sunny days were 1.60, 6.22 times higher than that on cloudy days, rainy days, respectively. The daily average transpiration rates on cloudy days was 3.88 times higher than that on rainy day. The average annual transpiration rate of individual trees in each season went from high to low in summer [(1.86 ± 0.22) kg/d], autumn [(1.71 ± 0.38) kg/d], spring [(1.59 ± 0.13) kg/d] and winter [(1.07 ± 0.39) kg/d]. The individual plant transpiration rate was 570.31 kg, with 82.81% during the growing season(472.29 kg) and 17.19% during the non-growing season(98.02 kg). The highest transpiration rate was in summer(171.65 kg), followed by autumn(155.60 kg), spring(145.04 kg) and winter(98.02 kg), which accounted for 30.10%, 27.28%, 25.43% and 17.19% of the annual evapotranspiration, respectively. Solar radiation and water vapor pressure were positively correlated with the transpiration rate. 【Conclusion】 Solar radiation and water vapor pressure loss were the dominant factors of the transpiration of M. microcarpa, and rainfall was the inhibition factor, whereas wind speed and soil moisture at different depths had different effects on transpiration under different weather and seasons.
【Objective】The transpiration characteristics and influencing factors of the dominant tree species Machilus microcarpa in the Maolan Karst forest were determined. This provided scientific basis for further analysis of the hydro-ecological process of the Maolan primary forest and the Karst area of forest protection and ecological restoration. 【Method】 Utilizing the thermal dissipation probe method and a Campbell automatic weather station, the transpiration of the dominant tree species M. microcarpa was continuously monitored from July 2016 to June 2017 in the Maolan Karst forest, and the photosynthetic and transpiration rates of the leaves measured. 【Result】 The diurnal variation of M. microcarpa transpiration rate showed a typical single-peak curve under all types of weather conditions, and displayed a clear fluctuating trend with high transpiration in the daytime and low transpiration at nighttime. Under sunny weather conditions, the diurnal variation trend of the horizontal transpiration rate of a single tree was consistent with that of the photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate at the leaf level. Under different weather conditions, the transpiration rate showed highly significant differences, with the following averages: 122.00 g/h on sunny days, 76.06 g/h on cloudy days, and 19.60 g/h on rainy days. The daily average transpiration rates on sunny days were 1.60, 6.22 times higher than that on cloudy days, rainy days, respectively. The daily average transpiration rates on cloudy days was 3.88 times higher than that on rainy day. The average annual transpiration rate of individual trees in each season went from high to low in summer [(1.86 ± 0.22) kg/d], autumn [(1.71 ± 0.38) kg/d], spring [(1.59 ± 0.13) kg/d] and winter [(1.07 ± 0.39) kg/d]. The individual plant transpiration rate was 570.31 kg, with 82.81% during the growing season(472.29 kg) and 17.19% during the non-growing season(98.02 kg). The highest transpiration rate was in summer(171.65 kg), followed by autumn(155.60 kg), spring(145.04 kg) and winter(98.02 kg), which accounted for 30.10%, 27.28%, 25.43% and 17.19% of the annual evapotranspiration, respectively. Solar radiation and water vapor pressure were positively correlated with the transpiration rate. 【Conclusion】 Solar radiation and water vapor pressure loss were the dominant factors of the transpiration of M. microcarpa, and rainfall was the inhibition factor, whereas wind speed and soil moisture at different depths had different effects on transpiration under different weather and seasons.
引文
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