基于威胁因素的集体林自然保护区管理对策分析——以湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区为例
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摘要
我国南方自然保护区集体林比重较大,生物多样性保护与社区发展的矛盾突出。运用威胁因素分析方法掌握自然保护区主要保护对象的状况以及保护区与社区矛盾所在,针对性地采取适应性管理措施,是提高自然保护区保护管理水平的重要手段。本文以湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区为例,用头脑风暴等方法找出主要保护对象面临的威胁因素,用矩阵分析等方法对各种威胁因素进行威胁程度排序,用逻辑框架的方法找出威胁因素产生的原因、危害方式、危害区域。经过分析,该自然保护区主要保护对象面临的威胁因素按照威胁程度从高到低为:林火隐患,薪柴采集,偷猎和非法猎捕,道路建设,非法采伐林木,非法旅游,非法采集,放牧。针对这些威胁因素,提出了运行机制、管理体制、政策和技术支撑、人力和资金保障等方面的对策建议。
Due to the often-high proportion of collective forest in nature reserves,conflicts between biodiversity conservation and community development in nature reserves appear serious in south China. Threats analysis has potential to promote conservation and management of nature reserves by better defining conflicts between nature reserves and local communities,and by applying adaptive practices more precisely. We took Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve as an example. We defined threats to key protected objects,and ranked them by severity level. We explored potential courses of action,identified negative influences,and defined the scope of impacts of threat factors in the nature reserve. We used several problem-solving tools,viz. brainstorming,matrix analysis,and logical framework. Ranked in descending order of severity,threat factors were forest fire potential,firewood collection,illegal hunting and fishing,road construction,illegal logging,unregulated tourism,illegal collection of resources,and grazing. We recommend counter measures in reserve operations and management,policy and technical support,manpower and funding guarantees.
Due to the often-high proportion of collective forest in nature reserves,conflicts between biodiversity conservation and community development in nature reserves appear serious in south China. Threats analysis has potential to promote conservation and management of nature reserves by better defining conflicts between nature reserves and local communities,and by applying adaptive practices more precisely. We took Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve as an example. We defined threats to key protected objects,and ranked them by severity level. We explored potential courses of action,identified negative influences,and defined the scope of impacts of threat factors in the nature reserve. We used several problem-solving tools,viz. brainstorming,matrix analysis,and logical framework. Ranked in descending order of severity,threat factors were forest fire potential,firewood collection,illegal hunting and fishing,road construction,illegal logging,unregulated tourism,illegal collection of resources,and grazing. We recommend counter measures in reserve operations and management,policy and technical support,manpower and funding guarantees.
引文
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[16]林倩倩,王彬,马元丹,等.天目山国家级自然保护区毛竹林扩张对生物多样性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(9):43-47;71.
[2]江红.南方集体林区林业自然保护区建设思考[J].林业经济,2010,32(5):80-83.
[3]曲笑含.社区居民在自然保护区管理中的参与研究---以北京市自然保护区为例[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[4]张国珍,杨道德.湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区科学考察报告集[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2004.
[5]张国珍,张代贵.湖南壶瓶山植物志:上卷[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2009.
[6]张平,邓华志,陈作红,等.湖南壶瓶山大型真菌图鉴[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2015.
[7]SCOONES I.Participatory research for rural development in Zimbabwe:a report of a training workshop for ENDA Zimbabwe Trees Project[R].London:International Institute for Environment and Development,1989.
[8]SHARP A,NAKAGOSHI N,MCQUISTAN C.Rural participatory buffer zone management in northeastern Thailand[J].Journal of Forestry Research,1999,4(2):87-92.
[9]CORNWALL A,JEWKES R.What is participatory research?[J].Social Science&Medicine,1995,41(12):1667-1676.
[10]REN X D,HUANG M J.Opportunity and threat analysis on management strategy of nature reserve in Guizhou---by using Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve as a case[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001,19(2):15-19.
[11]BATTISTI C,LUISELLI L,PANTANO D,et al.On threats analysis approach applied to a Mediterranean remnant wetland:is the assessment of human-induced threats related to different level of expertise of respondents[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2008,17(6):1529-1542.
[12]蒋万杰,杜连海,刘桂林,等.松山自然保护区的生物多样性及其威胁因素研究[J].林业建设,2008(4):6-9.
[13]康祖杰,杨道德,陈华,等.壶瓶山生物多样性面临的威胁因素分析及保护对策[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(3):33-40.
[14]BARGALI H S.Community perspective towards conservation and development:a study from Corbett Tiger Reserve,Uttarakhand,India[J].Indian Forester,2014,140(3):224-229.
[15]韩俊丽,武曙红,栾晓峰,等.自然保护区适应性管理研究[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(3):284-287.
[16]林倩倩,王彬,马元丹,等.天目山国家级自然保护区毛竹林扩张对生物多样性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(9):43-47;71.
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