水分胁迫对辣木苗期生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究水分胁迫对多油辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam.)苗期主要性状和光合参数的影响,揭示水分胁迫与辣木光合作用及生理指标之间的关系,为辣木栽培管理、抗性筛选提供理论参考。【方法】以多油辣木PKM1为供试材料,采用盆栽控水试验,设置充分供水(TA)、轻度水分胁迫(TB)、中度水分胁迫(TC)、重度水分胁迫(TD)和严重水分胁迫(TE) 5个水分处理,分析水分胁迫下辣木苗期生理指标和光合参数的变化。【结果】(1)水分胁迫下,辣木苗期的株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶干重、茎干重、根干重、叶面积、根含水量、根长、根幅和根粗呈递减趋势,根冠比呈递增趋势。(2)水分胁迫下辣木苗期叶片的叶绿素含量呈递减趋势,F_o值呈递增趋势,F_m、F_v、(F_v/F_m)、(F_v/F_o)、qP和rETRmax值均呈递减趋势。【结论】适度干旱有利于辣木苗期生长发育。干旱胁迫条件下,辣木仍保持较高光合能力和根冠比,是其抗旱耐旱的重要生理基础。
[Purpose]The effects of water stress on the main characters and photosynthetic parameters of Moringa oleifera seedlings were studied, and the relationship between water stress and photosynthesis and physiological indexes of M. oleifera was revealed, which provided a theoretical reference for cultivation management and resistance screening of M. oleifera.[Method]We potted M.oleifera PKM1 under five different water content levels: optimal water content(TA), mild water stress(TB), moderate water stress(TC), severe water stress(TD), extremely severe water stress(TE), which were controlled by weighing the soil and pots.[Result](1) Under water stress, the plant height,stem diameter, leaf number, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf area, root water content, root length, root width and root thickness of M. oleifera seedlings decreased, the crown ratio increased.(2) Under water stress, the chlorophyll content of M. oleifera seedlings showed a decreasing trend; F_o is increasing, however, F_v, F_m, F_v/F_m, F_v/F_o, qP and rETRmax all were decreased.[Conclusion]We can conclude that moderate water stress is conducive to the growth of M. oleifera seedlings. Under the condition of drought stress, high photosynthetic capacity and root-shoot ratio of M. oleifera are the important physiological basis for drought resistance.
[Purpose]The effects of water stress on the main characters and photosynthetic parameters of Moringa oleifera seedlings were studied, and the relationship between water stress and photosynthesis and physiological indexes of M. oleifera was revealed, which provided a theoretical reference for cultivation management and resistance screening of M. oleifera.[Method]We potted M.oleifera PKM1 under five different water content levels: optimal water content(TA), mild water stress(TB), moderate water stress(TC), severe water stress(TD), extremely severe water stress(TE), which were controlled by weighing the soil and pots.[Result](1) Under water stress, the plant height,stem diameter, leaf number, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf area, root water content, root length, root width and root thickness of M. oleifera seedlings decreased, the crown ratio increased.(2) Under water stress, the chlorophyll content of M. oleifera seedlings showed a decreasing trend; F_o is increasing, however, F_v, F_m, F_v/F_m, F_v/F_o, qP and rETRmax all were decreased.[Conclusion]We can conclude that moderate water stress is conducive to the growth of M. oleifera seedlings. Under the condition of drought stress, high photosynthetic capacity and root-shoot ratio of M. oleifera are the important physiological basis for drought resistance.
引文
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[19]许大全,张玉全.植物光合作用的光抑制[J].植物生理学通讯,1992,28(4):237.
[20]张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):444.
[21]吴金芝,王志敏,李友军,等.不同冬小麦品种旗叶叶绿素荧光特性及其对干旱胁迫的响应[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(4):64.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2015.05.19.
[2]刘昌芬.神奇保健植物辣木及其栽培技术[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2013.
[3]王正航,武仙山,昌小平,等.小麦旗叶叶绿素含量及荧光动力学参数与产量的灰色关联度分析[J].作物学报,2010,36(2):218.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00217.
[4]GALLE A,HALDIMANN P,FELLER U.Photosynthetic performance and water relations in young pubescent oak(Quercus pubescens)trees during drought stress and recovery[J].New Phytologist,2007,17(4):799.DOI:10.1111/i.1469-8137.2007.02047.x.
[5]魏爱丽,王志敏,翟志席,等.土壤干旱对小麦旗叶和穗器官C4光合酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(5):508.
[6]FLEXAS J,BOTA J,GALMES J,et al.Keeping a positive carbon balance under adverse conditions:responses of photosynthesis and respiration to water stress[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2006,12(7):343.DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00621.x.
[7]SUBRAHMANYAM D,SUBASH N,HARIS A,et al.Influence of water stress on leaf photosynthetic characteristics in wheat cultivars differing in their susceptibility to drought[J].Photosynthetica,2006,44(1):125.DOI:10.1007/s11099-005-0167-y.
[8]张其德,刘合芹,张建华,等.限水灌溉对冬小麦旗叶某些光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):869.
[9]牛铁泉,田给林,薛仿正,等.半根及半根交替水分胁迫对苹果幼苗光合作用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(7):1463.
[10]刘晓英,罗远培,石元春.水分胁迫后复水对冬小麦叶面积的激发作用[J].中国农业科学,2001,34(4):422.
[11]张志良.植物生理试验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.
[12]冯晓敏,张永清.水分胁迫对糜子植株苗期生长和光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(8):1514.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01513.
[13]朱弘,温国胜.3种模型对毛竹快速生长期冠层叶片叶绿素荧光-快速光响应曲线(RLCS)拟合的比较[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2017,46(6):659.DOI:10.13323/j.cnki.j.fafu(nat.sci.).2017.06.010.
[14]吴会会,邹英宁,吴强盛.干旱胁迫下AMF对盆栽枳实生苗生长和活性氧代谢的影响[J].中国南方果树,2018,47(2):36.DOI:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20180014.
[15]BRUNETTI C,LORETO F,FERRINI F,et al.Metabolic plasticity in the hygrophyte Moringa oleifera exposed to water stress[J].Tree Physiology,2018,38(11):1640.DOI:10.1093/treephys/tpy089.
[16]EFEOGLU B,EKMEKCI Y,CICEK N,et al.Physiological responses of three maize cultivars to drought stress and recovery[J].South African Journal of Botany,2009,7(5):34.DOI:10.1016/j.sajb.2008.06.005.
[17]LEVITT J.Responses of plants to environmental stresses:water,radiation,salt and other stresses[M].2nd ed.New York:Academic Press,1980.
[18]DEMMIG B,BJORKMAN O.Comparison of the effect of excessive light on chlorophyll fluorescence(77K)and photon yield of O2 evolution of leaves of higher plants[J].Planta Medica,1987,17(1):171.DOI:10.1007/BF00391092.
[19]许大全,张玉全.植物光合作用的光抑制[J].植物生理学通讯,1992,28(4):237.
[20]张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):444.
[21]吴金芝,王志敏,李友军,等.不同冬小麦品种旗叶叶绿素荧光特性及其对干旱胁迫的响应[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(4):64.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2015.05.19.