集成式单阀重力反洗超滤工艺处理引黄水库原水
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摘要
通过对单阀重力反洗直接超滤工艺处理引黄水库原水的中试研究,从超滤膜选型、长期稳定运行的膜污染控制、出水水质和运行成本4个方面分析了直接超滤工艺在农村饮用水工程中的应用效能。针对具有引黄水库原水特质的微污染水源,经直接超滤工艺处理后,出水浊度低于0. 1 NTU,水质可稳定达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)的要求,出水微生物安全性可以得到有效保障;采用超滤技术直接过滤引黄水库原水时,可选用截留分子质量较小的内压式PVC合金超滤膜,同时在反冲洗水中添加10 mg/L的NaClO进行化学强化反冲洗,可使跨膜压差增长速率明显降低,延长维护性化学清洗周期,有效缓解膜污染;另外,长期以10 L/(m~2·h)的低通量工况运行有利于延缓膜污染。该工艺流程简单,管理方便,运行成本约为0. 1元/m~3,适宜在农村地区推广应用。
The single-valve gravity backwashing ultrafiltration (UF) process was used to treat the raw water from the Yellow River Reservoir,and its effectiveness in rural drinking water projects was analyzed from four aspects: ultrafiltration membrane selection,membrane fouling control,effluent quality and operating cost. The results showed that the effluent turbidity was less than 0. 1 NTU after the direct UF process. The treated water quality could stably meet the requirement of the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006). The effluent microbiological safety could be guaranteed. When using direct UF technology to treat raw water from the Yellow River Reservoir,an internal pressure PVC alloy ultrafiltration membrane with a small molecular weight cutoff should be selected. When 10 mg/L of Na Cl O was added to enhance backwashing,the growth rate of transmembrane pressure difference could be significantly reduced,the maintenance chemical cleaning cycle could be prolonged,and membrane fouling was effectively alleviated. In addition,long-term operation with low flux of 10 L/ (m~2·h) was beneficial to delaying the membrane fouling. The process had the advantages of simple process and convenient management,and the operating cost was 0. 1 yuan/m~3,which was suitable for application in rural areas.
The single-valve gravity backwashing ultrafiltration (UF) process was used to treat the raw water from the Yellow River Reservoir,and its effectiveness in rural drinking water projects was analyzed from four aspects: ultrafiltration membrane selection,membrane fouling control,effluent quality and operating cost. The results showed that the effluent turbidity was less than 0. 1 NTU after the direct UF process. The treated water quality could stably meet the requirement of the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006). The effluent microbiological safety could be guaranteed. When using direct UF technology to treat raw water from the Yellow River Reservoir,an internal pressure PVC alloy ultrafiltration membrane with a small molecular weight cutoff should be selected. When 10 mg/L of Na Cl O was added to enhance backwashing,the growth rate of transmembrane pressure difference could be significantly reduced,the maintenance chemical cleaning cycle could be prolonged,and membrane fouling was effectively alleviated. In addition,long-term operation with low flux of 10 L/ (m~2·h) was beneficial to delaying the membrane fouling. The process had the advantages of simple process and convenient management,and the operating cost was 0. 1 yuan/m~3,which was suitable for application in rural areas.
引文
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[2]陈师楚,夏宏生,周建华.农村供水微污染水源特征及处理技术研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(6):82-85.Chen Shichu,Xia Hongsheng,Zhou Jianhua.Characteristics and treatment technology of micro polluted water source in rural water supply[J].Environmental Science and Management,2016,41(6):82-85(in Chinese).
[3]杨威,雷晓玲,王忠运,等.直接超滤工艺处理微污染水库水的工程实践[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(19):42-45.Yang Wei,Lei Xiaoling,Wang Zhongyun,et al.Engineering practice of direct ultrafiltration process for treatment of lightly polluted reservoir water[J].China Water&Wastewater,2017,33(19):42-45(in Chinese).
[4]李圭白,田家宇,齐鲁.第三代城市饮用水净化工艺及超滤的零污染通量[J].给水排水,2010,46(8):11-15.Li Guibai,Tian Jiayu,Qi Lu.The third generation of urban drinking water treatment process and zeromembrane fouling flux of ultrafiltration[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2010,46(8):11-15(in Chinese).
[5]齐鲁.浸没式超滤膜处理地表水的性能及膜污染控制研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.Qi Lu.Performance of Immersed Ultrafiltration Membrane for Surface Water Treatment and Technology of Fouling Control[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010(in Chinese).
[6]李圭白,梁恒.超滤膜的零污染通量及其在城市水处理工艺中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(10):5-7.Li Guibai,Liang Heng.Zero irreversible flux for ultrafiltration and its application in water treatment process[J].China Water&Wastewater,2012,28(10):5-7(in Chinese).
[7]杨英,蒋志国.含氯水反冲洗对超滤膜污染的去除效能研究[J].安徽建筑大学学报,2015,23(5):55-59.Yang Ying,Jiang Zhiguo.Study on removal effect of ultrafiltration membrane pollution by chlorine water backwashing[J].Journal of Anhui Jianzhu University,2015,23(5):55-59(in Chinese).
[8]金鹏康,吴鑫,王晓昌.不同截留分子量超滤膜污染过程分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,42(5):712-716.Jin Pengkang,Wu Xin,Wang Xiaochang.Study on membrane fouling of ultrafiltration membrane with different molecular weight cut-off[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2010,42(5):712-716(in Chinese).
[9]Ho C C,Zydney A L.A combined pore blockage and cake filtration model for protein fouling during microfiltration[J].J Colloid Interface Sci,2000,232(2):389-399.
[10]张新波,温海涛,张哲,等.化学强化反冲洗参数调控对副产物生成影响分析[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(5):55-59.Zhang Xinbo,Wen Haitao,Zhang Zhe,et al.Effect of chemically enhanced backwash on generation of byproducts[J].China Water&Wastewater,2016,32(5):55-59(in Chinese).
[11]张新波,李红霞,贾辉,等.膜化学强化反冲洗中副产物的生成及变化规律分析[J].天津工业大学学报,2016,35(3):60-65.Zhang Xinbo,Li Hongxia,Jia Hui,et al.Determination and variety of by products during chemically enhanced blackwash[J].Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University,2016,35(3):60-65(in Chinese).
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