多因素作用下航天轴承预紧力分析
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摘要
针对复杂的空间环境,以航天机构驱动单元轴系的71807C角接触球轴承为研究对象,基于滚动轴承静力学建立了滚动轴承预紧模型。在预紧模型的基础上,建立了环境温度、工作载荷、安装过盈量和磨损量多因素作用下轴承预紧力计算模型,并以71807C型角接触球轴承为例,分析多因素作用下轴承预紧力变化规律。结果表明:在低温、小过盈工况下,预紧力随磨损深度增大而极易出现预紧失效;磨损初期,轴承工作在高温、大过盈量工况下,较易出现机构卡死;环境温度、安装过盈量、磨损量对预紧影响显著,径向载荷影响较小。
Aimed at complex space environment, taking angular contact ball bearings 71807 C for aerospace mechanism drive unit shafting as research objects, the model for preload is established based on statics of rolling bearings. Based on the model, the calculation model is established for preload of the bearings under multiple factors such as ambient temperature, operating load, installation interference and wear, the variation rule is analyzed for preload of the bearings under multiple factors. The results show that the preload is decreased with increase of wear depth under low temperature and small interference. The seizure of the bearings is more likely to appear at initial stage of wear under high temperature and large interference. The ambient temperature, installation interference and wear have remarkable effects on preload, and the radial load has less effect.
Aimed at complex space environment, taking angular contact ball bearings 71807 C for aerospace mechanism drive unit shafting as research objects, the model for preload is established based on statics of rolling bearings. Based on the model, the calculation model is established for preload of the bearings under multiple factors such as ambient temperature, operating load, installation interference and wear, the variation rule is analyzed for preload of the bearings under multiple factors. The results show that the preload is decreased with increase of wear depth under low temperature and small interference. The seizure of the bearings is more likely to appear at initial stage of wear under high temperature and large interference. The ambient temperature, installation interference and wear have remarkable effects on preload, and the radial load has less effect.
引文
[1] 马明臻,张新宇,谭春林,等.航天机构潜在故障模式与故障机理分析[J].燕山大学学报,2014,38(1):1-9.
[2] HARRIS T A,KOTZALAS M N.滚动轴承分析[M].罗继伟,马伟,杨咸启,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2009.
[3] ZHUO Y B,ZHOU X J,YANG C L.Dynamic analysis of double-row self-aligning ball bearings due to applied loads,internal clearance,surface waviness and number of balls[J].Journal of Sound & Vibration,2014,333(23):6170-6189.
[4] HWANG Y K,LEE C M.A review on the preload technology of the rolling bearing for the spindle of machine tools[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2010,11(3):491-498.
[5] 李颂华,冯明昊.高速主轴轴承预紧力技术研究[J].机电产品开发与创新,2014,27(3):165-167,173.
[6] GUNDUZ A,DREYER J T,SINGH R.Effect of bearing preloads on the modal characteristics of a shaft-bearing assembly:experiments on double row angular contact ball bearings[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2012,31:176-195.
[7] RAHMATABADI A D,MEYBODI R R,NEKOEIMEHR M.Preload effects on the static performance of multilobe fixed profile journal bearings with micropolar fluids[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part J:Journal of Engineering Tribology,2011,225:718-730.
[8] 邓四二,王燕霜,李新宁.轴承预紧力与系统固有频率关系的试验[J].航空动力学报,2010,25(8):1883-1887.
[9] ZHANG X,HAN Q,PENG Z,et al.A new nonlinear dynamic model of the rotor-bearing system considering preload and varying contact angle of the bearing[J].Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation,2015,22(1):821-841.
[10] 杨庆东,王科社,孟玲霞,等.基于材料热特性的轴承预紧力自调节设计方法[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(9):183-187.
[11] CAO H,HOLKUP T,ALTINTAS Y.A comparative study on the dynamics of high speed spindles with respect to different preload mechanisms[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2011,57(9/10/11/12):871-883.
[12] 王智,郭万存.空间臂式补偿机构轴承预紧力与系统刚度关系分析[J].中国光学,2014,7(6):989-995.
[13] OZTURK E,KUMAR U,TUMNER S,et al.Investigation of spindle bearing preload on dynamics and stability limit in milling[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2012,61(1):343-346.
[14] 郭向东,王燕霜.轴承预紧力-系统固有频率及跨距关系的研究[J].轴承,2013(4):30-33.
[15] GAO S H,MENG G,LONGX H.Stability prediction in high-speed milling including the thermal preload effects of bearing[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part E:Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering,2010,224(1):11-22.
[16] 周子超,王伊卿,吴文武,等.机床主轴轴承热诱导预紧力及刚度计算与实验研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2015,49(2):111-116.
[17] 李鸿亮,贺红霞,刘良勇,等.定位预紧配对角接触球轴承工作预紧力分析[J].轴承,2012(9):37-39.
[18] XU T,XU G,ZHANG Q,et al.A preload analytical method for ball bearings utilising bearing skidding criterion[J].Tribology International,2013,67:44-50.
[19] 宁峰平,姚建涛,安静涛,等.适应交变温度的空间轴承运行可靠性区域分析[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(15):97-103.
[20] JONES A B.Analysis of stresses and deflections[M].Bristol:New Departure Engineering Data,1964.
[21] ARCHARD J F.Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces[J].Journal of applied physics,1953,24(8):981-988.
[22] GEE A W J D,SALOMON G,ZAAT J H.On the mechanisms of MoS2-film failure in sliding friction[J].Asle Transactions,1965,8(2):156-163.
[23] MACHADO M,MOREIRA P,FLORES P,et al.Compliant contact force models in multibody dynamics:Evolution of the Hertz contact theory[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2012,53:99-121.
[2] HARRIS T A,KOTZALAS M N.滚动轴承分析[M].罗继伟,马伟,杨咸启,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2009.
[3] ZHUO Y B,ZHOU X J,YANG C L.Dynamic analysis of double-row self-aligning ball bearings due to applied loads,internal clearance,surface waviness and number of balls[J].Journal of Sound & Vibration,2014,333(23):6170-6189.
[4] HWANG Y K,LEE C M.A review on the preload technology of the rolling bearing for the spindle of machine tools[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2010,11(3):491-498.
[5] 李颂华,冯明昊.高速主轴轴承预紧力技术研究[J].机电产品开发与创新,2014,27(3):165-167,173.
[6] GUNDUZ A,DREYER J T,SINGH R.Effect of bearing preloads on the modal characteristics of a shaft-bearing assembly:experiments on double row angular contact ball bearings[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2012,31:176-195.
[7] RAHMATABADI A D,MEYBODI R R,NEKOEIMEHR M.Preload effects on the static performance of multilobe fixed profile journal bearings with micropolar fluids[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part J:Journal of Engineering Tribology,2011,225:718-730.
[8] 邓四二,王燕霜,李新宁.轴承预紧力与系统固有频率关系的试验[J].航空动力学报,2010,25(8):1883-1887.
[9] ZHANG X,HAN Q,PENG Z,et al.A new nonlinear dynamic model of the rotor-bearing system considering preload and varying contact angle of the bearing[J].Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation,2015,22(1):821-841.
[10] 杨庆东,王科社,孟玲霞,等.基于材料热特性的轴承预紧力自调节设计方法[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(9):183-187.
[11] CAO H,HOLKUP T,ALTINTAS Y.A comparative study on the dynamics of high speed spindles with respect to different preload mechanisms[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2011,57(9/10/11/12):871-883.
[12] 王智,郭万存.空间臂式补偿机构轴承预紧力与系统刚度关系分析[J].中国光学,2014,7(6):989-995.
[13] OZTURK E,KUMAR U,TUMNER S,et al.Investigation of spindle bearing preload on dynamics and stability limit in milling[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2012,61(1):343-346.
[14] 郭向东,王燕霜.轴承预紧力-系统固有频率及跨距关系的研究[J].轴承,2013(4):30-33.
[15] GAO S H,MENG G,LONGX H.Stability prediction in high-speed milling including the thermal preload effects of bearing[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part E:Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering,2010,224(1):11-22.
[16] 周子超,王伊卿,吴文武,等.机床主轴轴承热诱导预紧力及刚度计算与实验研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2015,49(2):111-116.
[17] 李鸿亮,贺红霞,刘良勇,等.定位预紧配对角接触球轴承工作预紧力分析[J].轴承,2012(9):37-39.
[18] XU T,XU G,ZHANG Q,et al.A preload analytical method for ball bearings utilising bearing skidding criterion[J].Tribology International,2013,67:44-50.
[19] 宁峰平,姚建涛,安静涛,等.适应交变温度的空间轴承运行可靠性区域分析[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(15):97-103.
[20] JONES A B.Analysis of stresses and deflections[M].Bristol:New Departure Engineering Data,1964.
[21] ARCHARD J F.Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces[J].Journal of applied physics,1953,24(8):981-988.
[22] GEE A W J D,SALOMON G,ZAAT J H.On the mechanisms of MoS2-film failure in sliding friction[J].Asle Transactions,1965,8(2):156-163.
[23] MACHADO M,MOREIRA P,FLORES P,et al.Compliant contact force models in multibody dynamics:Evolution of the Hertz contact theory[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2012,53:99-121.
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