污水处理环境综合效益评价方法及案例应用
|
摘要
污水处理作为消除水环境污染的重要功能单元,对其在改善水环境之外的其他环境影响缺乏评价。通过修正并优化污水处理全生命周期评价(LCA)方法,建立全生命周期评价与多目标数学规划法相耦合(LCA-MOP)模型评价实际污水处理厂后揭示,污水处理厂对环境产生的综合效益居然是负值!当出水排放标准提高时,污水处理对环境产生的负效益则会加剧。着眼于全生命周期评价,传统污水处理实际上是一种环境的"污染源",至少有将水污染转嫁为大气污染之嫌。因此,改善水体环境质量一味依靠提高污水处理排放标准,并重在考核出水水质和运行成本,势必将污水处理推向"污染大户"的边缘。为使污水处理对环境产生的负效益降至最低程度,必须大力发展可持续污水处理技术,尽可能实现污水资源化、能源化之远大目标。只有污水处理升级至"绿色"并逐渐向"蓝色"过渡,方有可能实现对环境的"零"影响甚至取得"正"效益。
As an important functional unit for alleviating water environmental pollution,wastewater treatment has rarely been assessed on the other environmental impacts besides on its water environment benefit. By modifying and optimizing the method of life cycle assessment (LCA) used on wastewater treatment,a coupling model (LCA-MOP) associated with the multi-objective programming approach was set up to assess an actual wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The assessment revealed that the environmental comprehensive benefit of wastewater treatment was a negative value. The adverse environmental influence would be aggravated when the effluent discharging standards were enhanced.Based on LCA,conventional wastewater treatment was actually a source of environmental pollution,which was at least suspected to convert pollution from water to air. For this reason,the way,improving water environment quality only by enhancing the effluent discharging standards and focusing on the effluent quality and operation costs,would push wastewater treatment to the margin of "heavy polluter ". To reduce the adverse environmental influence of wastewater treatment to a minimum value,sustainable wastewater treatment technologies must be developed so that the ambitious target extracting resource and energy from wastewater should be realized. Thus,wastewater treatment needed to be upgraded to"green"and gradually developed to "blue",only in this way,its "zero"impact on the environment could be accomplished,and even the "positive"benefit would be achieved.
As an important functional unit for alleviating water environmental pollution,wastewater treatment has rarely been assessed on the other environmental impacts besides on its water environment benefit. By modifying and optimizing the method of life cycle assessment (LCA) used on wastewater treatment,a coupling model (LCA-MOP) associated with the multi-objective programming approach was set up to assess an actual wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The assessment revealed that the environmental comprehensive benefit of wastewater treatment was a negative value. The adverse environmental influence would be aggravated when the effluent discharging standards were enhanced.Based on LCA,conventional wastewater treatment was actually a source of environmental pollution,which was at least suspected to convert pollution from water to air. For this reason,the way,improving water environment quality only by enhancing the effluent discharging standards and focusing on the effluent quality and operation costs,would push wastewater treatment to the margin of "heavy polluter ". To reduce the adverse environmental influence of wastewater treatment to a minimum value,sustainable wastewater treatment technologies must be developed so that the ambitious target extracting resource and energy from wastewater should be realized. Thus,wastewater treatment needed to be upgraded to"green"and gradually developed to "blue",only in this way,its "zero"impact on the environment could be accomplished,and even the "positive"benefit would be achieved.
引文
[1]郝晓地.可持续污水-废物处理技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.Hao Xiaodi.Sustainable Treatment Technologies of Wastewater-Wastes[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2006(in Chinese).
[2]梁松.基于LCA的城市污水处理厂环境影响负荷研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.Liang Song.Research on the Environmental Impact Load of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant by the Method of Life Cycle Assessment[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2012(in Chinese).
[3]刘志勇.生命周期评价在污水处理方面的应用[J].中国资源综合利用,2010,28(3):54-57.Liu Zhiyong.Life cycle analysis in environmental impact assessment on wastewater treatment plant[J].China Resources Comprehensive Utilization,2010,28(3):54-57(in Chinese).
[4]陈郁,郑洪波,杨凤林,等.城市污水处理厂生命周期评价方法初探及应用案例[J].大连理工大学学报,2003,43(3):292-297.Chen Yu,Zheng Hongbo,Yang Fenglin,et al.Probe into life cycle assessment method of municipal wastewater treatment plants and application cases[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2003,43(3):292-297(in Chinese).
[5]黄希望,罗小勇,李轶,等.污水处理厂生命周期评价及不同工艺污水处理系统的环境影响比较分析[J].水资源保护,2014,30(1):90-94.Huang Xiwang,Luo Xiaoyong,Li Yi,et al.Life cycle assessment of a wastewater treatment plant and comparison analysis of environmental impacts of different wastewater treatment systems[J].Water Resources Protection,2014,30(1):90-94(in Chinese).
[6]王长波,张力小,庞明月.生命周期评价方法研究综述---兼论混合生命周期评价的发展与应用[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(7):1232-1242.Wang Changbo,Zhang Lixiao,Pang Mingyue.A review on hybrid life cycle assessment:Development and application[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(7):1232-1242(in Chinese).
[7]郑秀君,胡彬.我国生命周期评价(LCA)文献综述及国外最新研究进展[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(6):155-160.Zheng Xiujun,Hu Bin.Domestic literature review and the latest overseas research progress of life cycly assessment[J].Science&Technology Progress and Policy,2013,30(6):155-160(in Chinese).
[8]de Faria A B B,Ahmadi A,Tiruta-Barna L,et al.Feasibility of rigorous multi-objective optimization of wastewater management and treatment plants[J].Chem Eng Res Des,2016,115:394-406.
[9]Boesch M E,Koehler A,Hellweg S.Model for cradle-togate life cycle assessment of clinker production[J].Environ Sci Technol,2009,43(19):7578-7583.
[10]罗小勇,黄希望,王大伟,等.生命周期评价理论及其在污水处理领域的应用综述[J].环境工程,2013,31(4):118-122.Luo Xiaoyong,Huang Xiwang,Wang Dawei,et al.The theory of life cycle assessment and its application in wastewater treatment[J].Environmental Engineering,2013,31(4):118-122(in Chinese).
[11]任苇,刘年丰.生命周期影响评价(LCIA)方法综述[J].华中科技大学学报:城市科学版,2002,19(3):83-86.Ren Wei,Liu Nianfeng.Summary of the method research of life cycle impact assessment(LCIA)[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science&Technology:Urban Science Edition,2002,19(3):83-86(in Chinese).
[12]Dreyer L C,Niemann A L,Hauschild M Z.Comparison of three different LCIA methods:EDIP97,CML2001 and Eco-indicator 99-Does it matter which one you choose?[J].Int J Life Cycle Assess,2008,8(4):191-200.
[13]杨帆.重庆市城市污水处理厂升级改造的环境影响评价[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.Yang Fan.Environmental Impact Assessment of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Upgrade in Chongqing[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014(in Chinese).
[14]周凌.城市污水处理厂环境效益的生命周期分析[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.Zhou Ling.Life Cycle Analysis of Environmental Benefits of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2006(in Chinese).
[15]邓南圣,王小兵.生命周期评价[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.Deng Nansheng,Wang Xiaobing.Life Cycle Assessment[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2003(in Chinese).
[16]张倩芸.基于LCA的污水处理系统的环境影响评价研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2016.Zhang Qianyun.Research of Environmental Impacts Assessment of Wastewater Treatment System Based on LCA[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2016(in Chinese).
[17]王建国,汤露露,薛峰,等.污水再生膜-复合处理工艺的生命周期评价[J].四川环境,2015,34(2):97-103.Wang Jianguo,Tang Lulu,Xue Feng,et al.Life cycle assessment of membrane complex treatment process in wastewater reuse[J].Sichuan Environment,2015,34(2):97-103(in Chinese).
[18]吉倩倩.生命周期评价在城市污水处理的环境效益分析中的应用[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2010.Ji Qianqian.A Study on Environmental Benefits of Urban Wastewater Treatment Applying Life Cycle Assessment[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2010(in Chinese).
[19]刘丽.基于LCA的AAO与AO污水处理工艺比较[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.Liu Li.Comparison of AAO and AO Sewage Treatment Process Based on LCA[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2015(in Chinese).
[20]李如忠,舒琨.基于多目标决策的水污染负荷分配方法[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(12):2814-2821.Li Ruzhong,Shu Kun.Model for wastewater load allocation based on multi-objective decision making[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(12):2814-2821(in Chinese).
[21]杨世琪.城镇污水处理系统碳核算方法与模型研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.Yang Shiqi.The Method and Model Research of GHGAccounting of Urban Sewage Treatment System[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2013(in Chinese).
[22]高成康,陈杉,陈胜,等.应用LCA分析中国典型钢铁企业的环境负荷[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(4):177-181.Gao Chengkang,Chen Shan,Chen Sheng,et al.Life cycle assessment of integrated iron and steel works in China[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2016,48(4):177-181(in Chinese).
[23]吕佳佳.黑臭水形成的水质和环境条件研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2011.LüJiajia.Study on the Water Quality and Environmental Conditions Formed by Black Odor Water[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Normal University,2011(in Chinese).
[24]郝晓地,王向阳,曹达啟,等.污水有机物中化石碳排放CO2辨析[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(2):13-17.Hao Xiaodi,Wang Xiangyang,Cao Daqi,et al.Analysis of CO2emission from fossil carbon in organics from wastewater[J].China Water&Wastewater,2018,34(2):13-17(in Chinese).
[25]赵晨晨.污水处理工艺生命周期环境影响分析与比较[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.Zhao Chenchen.Analysis and Comparison on the Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Wastewater Treatment Process[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2015(in Chinese).
[2]梁松.基于LCA的城市污水处理厂环境影响负荷研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.Liang Song.Research on the Environmental Impact Load of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant by the Method of Life Cycle Assessment[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2012(in Chinese).
[3]刘志勇.生命周期评价在污水处理方面的应用[J].中国资源综合利用,2010,28(3):54-57.Liu Zhiyong.Life cycle analysis in environmental impact assessment on wastewater treatment plant[J].China Resources Comprehensive Utilization,2010,28(3):54-57(in Chinese).
[4]陈郁,郑洪波,杨凤林,等.城市污水处理厂生命周期评价方法初探及应用案例[J].大连理工大学学报,2003,43(3):292-297.Chen Yu,Zheng Hongbo,Yang Fenglin,et al.Probe into life cycle assessment method of municipal wastewater treatment plants and application cases[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2003,43(3):292-297(in Chinese).
[5]黄希望,罗小勇,李轶,等.污水处理厂生命周期评价及不同工艺污水处理系统的环境影响比较分析[J].水资源保护,2014,30(1):90-94.Huang Xiwang,Luo Xiaoyong,Li Yi,et al.Life cycle assessment of a wastewater treatment plant and comparison analysis of environmental impacts of different wastewater treatment systems[J].Water Resources Protection,2014,30(1):90-94(in Chinese).
[6]王长波,张力小,庞明月.生命周期评价方法研究综述---兼论混合生命周期评价的发展与应用[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(7):1232-1242.Wang Changbo,Zhang Lixiao,Pang Mingyue.A review on hybrid life cycle assessment:Development and application[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(7):1232-1242(in Chinese).
[7]郑秀君,胡彬.我国生命周期评价(LCA)文献综述及国外最新研究进展[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(6):155-160.Zheng Xiujun,Hu Bin.Domestic literature review and the latest overseas research progress of life cycly assessment[J].Science&Technology Progress and Policy,2013,30(6):155-160(in Chinese).
[8]de Faria A B B,Ahmadi A,Tiruta-Barna L,et al.Feasibility of rigorous multi-objective optimization of wastewater management and treatment plants[J].Chem Eng Res Des,2016,115:394-406.
[9]Boesch M E,Koehler A,Hellweg S.Model for cradle-togate life cycle assessment of clinker production[J].Environ Sci Technol,2009,43(19):7578-7583.
[10]罗小勇,黄希望,王大伟,等.生命周期评价理论及其在污水处理领域的应用综述[J].环境工程,2013,31(4):118-122.Luo Xiaoyong,Huang Xiwang,Wang Dawei,et al.The theory of life cycle assessment and its application in wastewater treatment[J].Environmental Engineering,2013,31(4):118-122(in Chinese).
[11]任苇,刘年丰.生命周期影响评价(LCIA)方法综述[J].华中科技大学学报:城市科学版,2002,19(3):83-86.Ren Wei,Liu Nianfeng.Summary of the method research of life cycle impact assessment(LCIA)[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science&Technology:Urban Science Edition,2002,19(3):83-86(in Chinese).
[12]Dreyer L C,Niemann A L,Hauschild M Z.Comparison of three different LCIA methods:EDIP97,CML2001 and Eco-indicator 99-Does it matter which one you choose?[J].Int J Life Cycle Assess,2008,8(4):191-200.
[13]杨帆.重庆市城市污水处理厂升级改造的环境影响评价[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.Yang Fan.Environmental Impact Assessment of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Upgrade in Chongqing[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014(in Chinese).
[14]周凌.城市污水处理厂环境效益的生命周期分析[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.Zhou Ling.Life Cycle Analysis of Environmental Benefits of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2006(in Chinese).
[15]邓南圣,王小兵.生命周期评价[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.Deng Nansheng,Wang Xiaobing.Life Cycle Assessment[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2003(in Chinese).
[16]张倩芸.基于LCA的污水处理系统的环境影响评价研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2016.Zhang Qianyun.Research of Environmental Impacts Assessment of Wastewater Treatment System Based on LCA[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2016(in Chinese).
[17]王建国,汤露露,薛峰,等.污水再生膜-复合处理工艺的生命周期评价[J].四川环境,2015,34(2):97-103.Wang Jianguo,Tang Lulu,Xue Feng,et al.Life cycle assessment of membrane complex treatment process in wastewater reuse[J].Sichuan Environment,2015,34(2):97-103(in Chinese).
[18]吉倩倩.生命周期评价在城市污水处理的环境效益分析中的应用[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2010.Ji Qianqian.A Study on Environmental Benefits of Urban Wastewater Treatment Applying Life Cycle Assessment[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2010(in Chinese).
[19]刘丽.基于LCA的AAO与AO污水处理工艺比较[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.Liu Li.Comparison of AAO and AO Sewage Treatment Process Based on LCA[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2015(in Chinese).
[20]李如忠,舒琨.基于多目标决策的水污染负荷分配方法[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(12):2814-2821.Li Ruzhong,Shu Kun.Model for wastewater load allocation based on multi-objective decision making[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(12):2814-2821(in Chinese).
[21]杨世琪.城镇污水处理系统碳核算方法与模型研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.Yang Shiqi.The Method and Model Research of GHGAccounting of Urban Sewage Treatment System[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2013(in Chinese).
[22]高成康,陈杉,陈胜,等.应用LCA分析中国典型钢铁企业的环境负荷[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(4):177-181.Gao Chengkang,Chen Shan,Chen Sheng,et al.Life cycle assessment of integrated iron and steel works in China[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2016,48(4):177-181(in Chinese).
[23]吕佳佳.黑臭水形成的水质和环境条件研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2011.LüJiajia.Study on the Water Quality and Environmental Conditions Formed by Black Odor Water[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Normal University,2011(in Chinese).
[24]郝晓地,王向阳,曹达啟,等.污水有机物中化石碳排放CO2辨析[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(2):13-17.Hao Xiaodi,Wang Xiangyang,Cao Daqi,et al.Analysis of CO2emission from fossil carbon in organics from wastewater[J].China Water&Wastewater,2018,34(2):13-17(in Chinese).
[25]赵晨晨.污水处理工艺生命周期环境影响分析与比较[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.Zhao Chenchen.Analysis and Comparison on the Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Wastewater Treatment Process[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2015(in Chinese).
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |