导热改性碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料的力-热特性
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摘要
借助钉扎的方法制备了一种掺杂铜柱的三相碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料,以提高其厚度方向的导热性能。在传统混合定律模型的基础上,考虑钉扎铜柱的特征长度与排布形式的影响,提出了一种改进的理论模型来预报该新型三相复合材料的导热性能,并探讨了导热改性对其力学性能的影响。结果表明,改进的理论预报模型对这种三相复合材料导热性能的预报更为准确,尤其是在钉扎铜柱体积分数较小时。在研究范围内,这种钉扎方法导热改性效果明显,力-热综合性能较好。复合材料导热性能随着钉扎铜柱体积分数的提高而增加,且增加速率不断提高,这主要源于铜柱间热影响区的产生;复合材料拉伸性能及层间剪切性能随着钉扎铜柱体积分数的增加而降低,且降低速率不断减小。当钉扎铜柱体积分数相同时,钉扎铜柱的特征长度与排布形式对复合材料导热性能与拉伸性能及层间剪切性能的影响不大。材料失效主要以钉扎孔位置挤压开裂破坏占主导,钉扎体与基体界面间的自然连接性能较弱,预计通过金属镀铜法加以改善,并可进一步提升复合材料力-热一体化特性。
Based on the pinned joints, carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites with copper bars were prepared to enhance the through-thickness thermal conductivity. Considering the effect of characteristic length and arrangement form of pinned bar, an improved theoretical model was presented to predict the thermal conductivity of the new three phase composites. The mechanical responses on the thermal conductivity enhancement were also explored. The results show that modified prediction model showed better agreement with the experiment results, especially in the range of low volume fraction for pinned bar. In the research range, the pinned joints method could realize obvious thermal conductivity enhancement, and the comprehensive performance was relatively excellent. As the volume fraction of pinned bar increased, the thermal conductivity of composites was increased, and the increasing rate was also increased due to the emergence of heat-affected zone among the pinned bars. In contrast, the tensile and interlaminar shear property gradually decreased, and the loss rate was also slowed down. When the volume fraction of pinned bar was the same, the effects of the characteristic length and arrangement form of bar on the thermal and mechanical properties were unobvious. The squeezing crack of pinned holes became the dominated failure mode, and interface connection between pinned bars and composite matrix was weak, which could be expected to improve by the copper plating technology and simultaneously realized the further enhancement of mechanical-thermal performances.
Based on the pinned joints, carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites with copper bars were prepared to enhance the through-thickness thermal conductivity. Considering the effect of characteristic length and arrangement form of pinned bar, an improved theoretical model was presented to predict the thermal conductivity of the new three phase composites. The mechanical responses on the thermal conductivity enhancement were also explored. The results show that modified prediction model showed better agreement with the experiment results, especially in the range of low volume fraction for pinned bar. In the research range, the pinned joints method could realize obvious thermal conductivity enhancement, and the comprehensive performance was relatively excellent. As the volume fraction of pinned bar increased, the thermal conductivity of composites was increased, and the increasing rate was also increased due to the emergence of heat-affected zone among the pinned bars. In contrast, the tensile and interlaminar shear property gradually decreased, and the loss rate was also slowed down. When the volume fraction of pinned bar was the same, the effects of the characteristic length and arrangement form of bar on the thermal and mechanical properties were unobvious. The squeezing crack of pinned holes became the dominated failure mode, and interface connection between pinned bars and composite matrix was weak, which could be expected to improve by the copper plating technology and simultaneously realized the further enhancement of mechanical-thermal performances.
引文
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[22] Mazov I,Burmistrov I,Il’inykh I.Anisotropic thermal conductivity of polypropylene composites filled with carbon fibers and multiwall carbon nanotubes[J].Polymer Composites,2015,36(11):1951-1957.
[23] Schuster J,Heider D,Sharp K,et al.Thermal conductivities of three-dimensionally woven fabric composites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2008,68(9):2085-2091.
[24] Ning Q G,Chou T W.A closed-form solution of the transverse effective thermal conductivity of woven fabric composites[J].Journal of Composite Materials,1995,29(17):2280-2294.
[25] Ai S,He R,Pei Y.A numerical study on the thermal conductivity of 3D woven C/C composites at high temperature[J].Applied Composite Materials,2015,22(6):823-835.
[26] Wo Dingzhu.Encyclopedia of composite materials[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2000 (in Chinese).沃丁柱.复合材料大全[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[27] Yu G C,Wu L Z,Feng L J,et al.Thermal and mechanical properties of carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites with a 3D thermal conductive pathway[J].Composite Structure,2016,149(4):213-219.
[28] Olmedo A,Santiuste C,Barbero E.An analytical model for predicting the stiffness and strength of pinned-joint composite laminates[J].Composites Science and Technology,2014,90(10):67-73.
[29] Aktas A,Karakuzu R.Failure analysis of two-Dimensional carbon-epoxy composite plate pinned joint[J].Mechanics of Composite Materials & Structures,1999,6(4):347-361.
[30] Khashaba U,Sebaey T,Alnefaie K.Failure and reliability analysis of pinned-joint composite laminates:effects of pin-hole clearance[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2013,47(18):2287-2298.
[2] Gibson L J,Ashby M F.Cellular solids:structure and properties[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997.
[3] Evans A G,Hutchinson J W,Ashby M F.Multifunctionality of cellular metal systems[J].Progress in Materials Science,1999,43(3):171-221.
[4] Chen Shaojie.Reunite the material and the B7E7 dream air-plane[J].Aviation Manufacturing Technique,2005,48(1):34-37(in Chinese).陈绍杰.复合材料与B7E7[J].航空制造技术,2005,48(1):34-37.
[5] Gibson R F.A review of recent research on mechanics of multifunctional composite materials and structures[J].Composite Structures,2010,92(12):2793-2810.
[6] Yang J S,Ma L,Mauricio C V,et al.Influence of manufacturing defects on modal properties of composite pyramidal truss-like core sandwich cylindrical panels[J].Composites Science and Technology,2017,147(28):89-99.
[7] Lyu Xiaojun,Zhang Qi,Ma Zhaoqing,et al.Study of hydrothermal aging effect on mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2005,10(11):50-53(in Chinese).吕小军,张琦,马兆庆,等.湿热老化对碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料力学性能影响研究[J].材料工程,2005,10(11):50-53.
[8] Liu J Y,Xiang L L,Kan T.The effect of temperature on the bending properties and failure mechanism of composite truss core sandwich structures[J].Composites Part A,2015,79(5):146-154.
[9] Zhu Zhenhua,Shao Baijun,Wang Jun,et al.Effect of aging on structure and stress relaxation of PP/SSFs composites[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2018,50(3):517-526(in Chinese).朱振华,邵柏军,王俊,等.老化对PP/SSFs导电复合材料结构及应力松弛性能的影响[J].力学学报,2018,50(3):517-526.
[10] Kim M G,Kang S G,Kim C G.Tensile response of graphite/epoxy composites at low temperatures[J].Composite Structure,2007,79(1):84-89.
[11] Sun Yunfei,Tao Chongben,Ban Jianmin.Preparation and thermal performances of 3D graphene network/epoxy resin thermal interface composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(6):1199-1204(in Chinese).孙云飞,陶重犇,班建民.三维网状石墨烯/环氧树脂热界面复合材料的制备和热性能[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(6):1199-1204.
[12] Wang Wen,Ding Hongliang,Zhang Zikuan.Preparation and properties of graphene nanoplatelets/PP thermal conductive composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2013,30(6):14-20(in Chinese).汪文,丁宏亮,张子宽.石墨烯微片/聚丙烯导热复合材料的制备与性能[J].复合材料学报,2013,30(6):14-20.
[13] Alexander A B,Suchismita G,Bao W Z.Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene[J].Nano Letters,2008,8(3):902-907.
[14] Eric P,Mann D,Wang Q.Thermal conductance of an individual single-wall carbon nanotube above room temperature[J].Nano Letters,2006,6(1):96-100.
[15] Jang J,Park H C,Lee H S.Electrically and thermally conductive carbon fibre fabric reinforced polymer composites based on nanocarbons and an insitu polymerizable cyclic oligoester[J].Scientific Report,2018,8(1):7659-7682.
[16] Kim H S,Bae H,Yu J,et al.Thermal conductivity of polymer composites with the geometrical characteristics of graphene nanoplatelets[J].Scientific Report,2016,6(1):26825-26838.
[17] Chung S,Im Y,Kim H.Evaluation for micro scale structure fabricated using epoxy-aluminum particle composite and its application[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2005,160(2):168-173.
[18] Lee G,Park M,Kim J.Enhanced thermal conductivities of polymer composites filled with hybrid filler[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2006,37(5):727-734.
[19] Rana S,Alagirusamy R,Joshi M.Development of carbon nanofiber incorporated three phase carbon/epoxy composites with enhanced mechanical electrical and thermal properties[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2011,42(5):439-445.
[20] Han S,Lin J T,Yamada Y.Enhancing the thermal conductivity and compressive modulus of carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites in the through-thickness direction by nanostructuring the interlaminar interface with carbon black[J].Carbon,2008,46(7):1060-1071.
[21] Han S,Chung D D L.Increasing the through-thickness thermal conductivity of carbon fiber polymer-matrix composite by curing pressure increase and filler incorporation[J].Composites Science and Technology,2011,71(16):1944-1952.
[22] Mazov I,Burmistrov I,Il’inykh I.Anisotropic thermal conductivity of polypropylene composites filled with carbon fibers and multiwall carbon nanotubes[J].Polymer Composites,2015,36(11):1951-1957.
[23] Schuster J,Heider D,Sharp K,et al.Thermal conductivities of three-dimensionally woven fabric composites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2008,68(9):2085-2091.
[24] Ning Q G,Chou T W.A closed-form solution of the transverse effective thermal conductivity of woven fabric composites[J].Journal of Composite Materials,1995,29(17):2280-2294.
[25] Ai S,He R,Pei Y.A numerical study on the thermal conductivity of 3D woven C/C composites at high temperature[J].Applied Composite Materials,2015,22(6):823-835.
[26] Wo Dingzhu.Encyclopedia of composite materials[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2000 (in Chinese).沃丁柱.复合材料大全[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[27] Yu G C,Wu L Z,Feng L J,et al.Thermal and mechanical properties of carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites with a 3D thermal conductive pathway[J].Composite Structure,2016,149(4):213-219.
[28] Olmedo A,Santiuste C,Barbero E.An analytical model for predicting the stiffness and strength of pinned-joint composite laminates[J].Composites Science and Technology,2014,90(10):67-73.
[29] Aktas A,Karakuzu R.Failure analysis of two-Dimensional carbon-epoxy composite plate pinned joint[J].Mechanics of Composite Materials & Structures,1999,6(4):347-361.
[30] Khashaba U,Sebaey T,Alnefaie K.Failure and reliability analysis of pinned-joint composite laminates:effects of pin-hole clearance[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2013,47(18):2287-2298.
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