氮磷肥施用对保水剂钝化土壤重金属铅镉效果的影响
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摘要
[目的]探讨氮磷肥施用对保水剂钝化土壤重金属铅镉效果的影响,为揭示土壤水肥保持和重金属污染治理的协调性机制,制定SAP应用技术规程等提供参考。[方法]采用土柱淋溶试验方法,比较添加氮肥和磷肥对SAP钝化土壤铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)效果的影响。[结果]在Pb,Cd复合污染土壤中SAP用量为1.0g/kg时,控氮释磷效果较好,相比无SAP的对照处理,Pb累积淋失量减少5.1%,Cd累积淋失量增加13.6%;氮磷肥添加试验表明,添加氮肥的SAP处理Pb累积淋失量增加76.7%,Cd累积淋失量增加47.6%,添加磷肥的SAP处理Pb累积淋失量减少26.0%,Cd累积淋失量减少20.5%;添加复合氮、磷肥的SAP处理Pb累积淋失量减少2.3%,Cd累积淋失量增加8.3%。[结论]保水剂具有控氮释磷效应,且对土壤中的Pb,Cd有一定钝化作用;氮肥降低SAP钝化Pb,Cd的效果,而磷肥增强SAP钝化Pb,Cd的效果;氮、磷肥复合对SAP钝化Pb的效果影响不显著,但会降低SAP钝化Cd的效果。
[Objective] The effects of the adoption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on the passivation effectiveness of super absorbent polymer(SAP) on heavy metal Pb and Cd in soil are studied in order to reveal the coordination mechanism of moisture and fertilizer conservation and heavy metal pollution control, and provide reference for SAP application rules. [Methods] We adopted the soil column leaching method, testing the impact of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on SAP's passivation effectiveness on Pb and Cd in the contaminated soil. [Results] When SAP dosage was 1.0 g/kg in lead and cadmium contaminated soil, the effect of nitrogen conservation and phosphorus activation synergism was better. Pb accumulative leaching loss amount was reduced by 5.1% compared with comparison group without SAP, and Cd was 13.6% higher than the contrasting group. In the comparison experiment of adding nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the soil, it showed that the accumulative leaching loss of Pb was increased by 76.7% when soil with SAP treatment was added with nitrogen fertilizer, the cumulative leaching loss of Cd increased by 47.6%, and the cumulative leaching loss of Pb was reduced by 26% when adding with phosphate fertilizer, and the cumulative leaching loss of Cd decreased by 20.5%; Besides, the cumulative leaching loss amount of Pb decreased by 2.3% when adding nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer compound in the soil treated with SAP, and that of Cd increased by 8.3%. [Conclusion] SAP has the effect of conserving nitrogen and activating phosphorus, and has passivation effect on Pb and Cd in soil; nitrogen fertilizer inhibites SAP's passivation effect on Pb and Cd, and phosphate fertilizer promotes the work. Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer compound on SAP's passivation impacts on Pb was not significant, and it inhibited the SAP's work on Cd.
[Objective] The effects of the adoption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on the passivation effectiveness of super absorbent polymer(SAP) on heavy metal Pb and Cd in soil are studied in order to reveal the coordination mechanism of moisture and fertilizer conservation and heavy metal pollution control, and provide reference for SAP application rules. [Methods] We adopted the soil column leaching method, testing the impact of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on SAP's passivation effectiveness on Pb and Cd in the contaminated soil. [Results] When SAP dosage was 1.0 g/kg in lead and cadmium contaminated soil, the effect of nitrogen conservation and phosphorus activation synergism was better. Pb accumulative leaching loss amount was reduced by 5.1% compared with comparison group without SAP, and Cd was 13.6% higher than the contrasting group. In the comparison experiment of adding nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the soil, it showed that the accumulative leaching loss of Pb was increased by 76.7% when soil with SAP treatment was added with nitrogen fertilizer, the cumulative leaching loss of Cd increased by 47.6%, and the cumulative leaching loss of Pb was reduced by 26% when adding with phosphate fertilizer, and the cumulative leaching loss of Cd decreased by 20.5%; Besides, the cumulative leaching loss amount of Pb decreased by 2.3% when adding nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer compound in the soil treated with SAP, and that of Cd increased by 8.3%. [Conclusion] SAP has the effect of conserving nitrogen and activating phosphorus, and has passivation effect on Pb and Cd in soil; nitrogen fertilizer inhibites SAP's passivation effect on Pb and Cd, and phosphate fertilizer promotes the work. Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer compound on SAP's passivation impacts on Pb was not significant, and it inhibited the SAP's work on Cd.
引文
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[13] 黄占斌,孙朋成,钟建,等.高分子保水剂在土壤水肥保持和污染治理中的应用进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):125-131.
[14] Chaves M M,Santos T P,Souza C R,et al.Deficit irrigation in grapevine improves water-use efficiency while controlling vigour and production quality[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2007,150(2):237-252.
[15] Chaves M M,Maroco J P,Pereira J S.Understanding plant responses to drought-from genes to the whole plant[J].Functional Plant Biology,2003,30(3):239-264.
[16] 张扬,赵世伟,梁向锋,等.保水剂对宁南山区马铃薯产量及土壤水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):27-32.
[17] 张朝巍,董博,郭天文,等.施肥与保水剂对半干旱区马铃薯增产效应的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(6):152-156.
[18] 闫永利,于健,魏占民,等.土壤特性对保水剂持水性能的影响[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1111-1115.
[19] Yazdani F,Allahdadi I,Akbari G A.Impact of super absorbent polymer on yield and growth analysis of soybean(Glycine max L)under drought stress condition [J].Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences PJBS,2007,10(23):4190-4196.
[20] 刘殿红,黄占斌,董莉.保水剂施用方式对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(4):105-108.
[21] 侯贤清,李荣,韩清芳,等.夏闲期不同耕作模式对土壤蓄水保墒效果及作物水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(3):94-100.
[22] 李嘉竹,黄占斌,陈威,等.环境功能材料对半干旱地区土壤水肥利用效率的协同效应[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):232-236.
[23] 宣斌,王济,段志斌,等.农田土壤重金属污染现状及修复技术应用研究进展[J].环境保护前沿,2017(1):26-34.
[24] 彭丽成,黄占斌,石宇,等.不同环境材料对Pb,Cd污染土壤的淋溶效应[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(5):1033-1038.
[2] 晏维金,亢宇,章申,等.磷在土壤中的解吸动力学[J].中国环境科学,2000,20(2):97-101.
[3] 高阳俊,张乃明.施用磷肥对环境的影响讨论[J].中国农学通报,2003,19(6):162-165.
[4] 黄占斌,孙在金.环境材料在农业生产及其环境治理中的应用[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(1):88-95.
[5] 刘童祎,张杰.浅析农业面源污染的类型及危害[J].农村经济与科技,2016,27(10):6-9.
[6] 赵其国,黄国勤,钱海燕.生态农业与食品安全[J].土壤学报,2007,44(6):1127-1134.
[7] 韦朝阳,陈同斌.重金属超富集植物及植物修复技术研究进展[J].生态学报,2001,21(7):1196-1203.
[8] 蔡美芳,李开明,谢丹平,等.我国耕地土壤重金属污染现状与防治对策研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(120):223-230.
[9] 刘陆涵,马妍,刘振海,等.三种环境材料对土壤水肥保持效应的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(9):1811-1819.
[10] 秦端端,姚粉霞,陈亚军,等.保水剂对土壤重金属镉形态及生物有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(12):2327-2333.
[11] Guo Guanlin,Zhou Qixing,Lene Q Ma.Availability and assessment of fixing additives for the in situ remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils:A review[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,116(1/3):513-528.
[12] 樊霆,叶文玲,陈海燕,等.农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J],生态环境学报,2013,22(10):1727-1736.
[13] 黄占斌,孙朋成,钟建,等.高分子保水剂在土壤水肥保持和污染治理中的应用进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):125-131.
[14] Chaves M M,Santos T P,Souza C R,et al.Deficit irrigation in grapevine improves water-use efficiency while controlling vigour and production quality[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2007,150(2):237-252.
[15] Chaves M M,Maroco J P,Pereira J S.Understanding plant responses to drought-from genes to the whole plant[J].Functional Plant Biology,2003,30(3):239-264.
[16] 张扬,赵世伟,梁向锋,等.保水剂对宁南山区马铃薯产量及土壤水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):27-32.
[17] 张朝巍,董博,郭天文,等.施肥与保水剂对半干旱区马铃薯增产效应的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(6):152-156.
[18] 闫永利,于健,魏占民,等.土壤特性对保水剂持水性能的影响[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1111-1115.
[19] Yazdani F,Allahdadi I,Akbari G A.Impact of super absorbent polymer on yield and growth analysis of soybean(Glycine max L)under drought stress condition [J].Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences PJBS,2007,10(23):4190-4196.
[20] 刘殿红,黄占斌,董莉.保水剂施用方式对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(4):105-108.
[21] 侯贤清,李荣,韩清芳,等.夏闲期不同耕作模式对土壤蓄水保墒效果及作物水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(3):94-100.
[22] 李嘉竹,黄占斌,陈威,等.环境功能材料对半干旱地区土壤水肥利用效率的协同效应[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):232-236.
[23] 宣斌,王济,段志斌,等.农田土壤重金属污染现状及修复技术应用研究进展[J].环境保护前沿,2017(1):26-34.
[24] 彭丽成,黄占斌,石宇,等.不同环境材料对Pb,Cd污染土壤的淋溶效应[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(5):1033-1038.
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