酸碱预处理对水稻秸秆厌氧消化中重金属释放的影响
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摘要
为探究含重金属秸秆类生物质厌氧消化的可行性,以酸碱预处理后水稻秸秆为消化底物,探究其厌氧消化特性及重金属释放规律。研究结果表明,经6%NaOH预处理的水稻秸秆厌氧消化沼气产量达446.3 mL/g_(VS),秸秆中Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的释放率分别达到96.08%、89.55%、86.95%和92.82%;经3%H_2SO_4预处理的水稻秸秆沼气产量为396.9 mL/g_(VS),秸秆中Cd释放率为93.96%,而Pb、Cu和Zn释放率均低于80.00%。碱预处理降解秸秆中木质素,酸预处理降解半纤维素,厌氧消化降解利用木质纤维素等过程实现了水稻秸秆中重金属的高效释放。化学预处理尤其是NaOH预处理水稻秸秆可以促进其厌氧消化产沼气和重金属释放,实现含重金属生物质的安全处置和资源化利用。
The heavy metal-containing rice straw, after pretreated with NaOH or H_2SO_4 solution, was adopted as a digestive substrate to explore the anaerobic digestion characteristics and release mechanism of heavy metals by anaerobic digestion. The results showed that, after pretreatment with 6% NaOH, the biogas yield from anaerobic digestion of rice straw reached 446.3 mL/g_(VS) and the release rates of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were 96.08%, 89.55%, 86.95% and 92.82%, respectively. And after pretreatment with 3% H_2SO_4, the biogas yield of rice straw was 396.9 mL/g_(VS) and the release rate of Cd from straw was 93.96%, while release rates of Pb, Cu and Zn were all lower than 80.00%. It is found that due to the degradation of the lignin and hemicellulose in the straw by alkali and acid pretreatment, respectively, plus the degradation of lignocellulose by anaerobic digestion, the efficient release of the heavy metals from rice straw can be realized. Chemical pretreatment, especially pretreatment of rice straw with NaOH, can promote the yield of biogas and release of heavy metals by anaerobic digestion, thus achieving the purpose of safe disposal of heavy metal-containing biomass, as well as resources utilization.
The heavy metal-containing rice straw, after pretreated with NaOH or H_2SO_4 solution, was adopted as a digestive substrate to explore the anaerobic digestion characteristics and release mechanism of heavy metals by anaerobic digestion. The results showed that, after pretreatment with 6% NaOH, the biogas yield from anaerobic digestion of rice straw reached 446.3 mL/g_(VS) and the release rates of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were 96.08%, 89.55%, 86.95% and 92.82%, respectively. And after pretreatment with 3% H_2SO_4, the biogas yield of rice straw was 396.9 mL/g_(VS) and the release rate of Cd from straw was 93.96%, while release rates of Pb, Cu and Zn were all lower than 80.00%. It is found that due to the degradation of the lignin and hemicellulose in the straw by alkali and acid pretreatment, respectively, plus the degradation of lignocellulose by anaerobic digestion, the efficient release of the heavy metals from rice straw can be realized. Chemical pretreatment, especially pretreatment of rice straw with NaOH, can promote the yield of biogas and release of heavy metals by anaerobic digestion, thus achieving the purpose of safe disposal of heavy metal-containing biomass, as well as resources utilization.
引文
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[13] Lee J,Kim J R,Jeong S,et al.Long-term performance of anaerobic digestion for crop residues containing heavy metals and response of microbial communities[J].Waste Management,2016,59:498-507.
[14] Liang F B,Song Y L,Huang C P,et al.Synthesis of novel lignin-based ion-exchange resin and its utilization in heavy metals removal[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2013,52(3):1267-1274.
[2] Negi S,Dhar H,Hussain A,et al.Biomethanation potential for co-digestion of municipal solid waste and rice straw:a batch study[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,254:139-144.
[3] 程良晓,范萌,陈良富,等.秋季秸秆焚烧对京津冀地区霾污染过程的影响分析[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(8):2801-2812.
[4] 吴建华,刘锋,郭富成,等.秸秆燃料乙醇生产废水处理设计与运行[J].中国给水排水,2017(22):116-118.
[5] 甘荣,葛明民,刘勇迪,等.活性炭在中高温条件下对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2607-2616.
[6] Xin L,Guo Z,Xiao X,et al.Feasibility of anaerobic digestion for contaminated rice straw inoculated with waste activated sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,266:45-50.
[7] Gao L,Chen S,Zhang D.Advances in modifying lignin structures for largely enhancing high-lignin biomass saccharification[J].Process Biochemistry,2017,57:175-180.
[8] Mancini G,Papirio S,Riccardelli G,et al.Trace elements dosing and alkaline pretreatment in the anaerobic digestion of rice straw[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,247:897-903.
[9] Han X Q,Xiao X Y,Guo Z H,et al.Release of cadmium in contaminated paddy soil amended with NPK fertilizer and lime under water management[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,159:38-45.
[10] Nzihou A,Stanmore B.The fate of heavy metals during combustion and gasification of contaminated biomass——a brief review[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,256-257(14):56-66.
[11] Zhou S,Zhang Y,Dong Y.Pretreatment for biogas production by anaerobic fermentation of mixed corn stover and cow dung[J].Energy,2012,46(1):644-648.
[12] 陈尚钘,勇强,徐勇,等.稀酸预处理对玉米秸秆纤维组分及结构的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2011,26(6):13-19.
[13] Lee J,Kim J R,Jeong S,et al.Long-term performance of anaerobic digestion for crop residues containing heavy metals and response of microbial communities[J].Waste Management,2016,59:498-507.
[14] Liang F B,Song Y L,Huang C P,et al.Synthesis of novel lignin-based ion-exchange resin and its utilization in heavy metals removal[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2013,52(3):1267-1274.
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