农村生活污水陶瓷膜-生物反应器处理工艺强化脱氮除磷研究
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摘要
传统膜生物反应器是农村生活污水处理的重要工艺之一,但其存在氮磷去除效果差等问题,本文旨在探究陶瓷膜生物反应器对农村生活污水的处理效果,并提高其脱氮除磷效果。陶瓷膜-生物反应器(C-MBR)是将好氧生物反应与无机陶瓷平板膜过滤技术相结合的工艺,具有占地面积小、维护简单、排泥量少等优点。本文利用陶瓷膜代替传统膜-生物反应器中的有机膜,对C-MBR进行强化脱氮除磷工艺研究,通过优化回流比、DO、HRT等进行强化脱氮,采用粉煤灰多孔填料吸附进行强化除磷。结果表明:在进水COD和TN、NH_3-N、TP浓度分别为360.00～661.00、33.90～57.60、16.80～32.30 mg·L~(-1)和4.78～5.70 mg·L~(-1),MLSS为3000 mg·L~(-1),膜孔径为50 nm条件下,C-MBR出水对应指标平均浓度分别为34.90、22.59、1.13 mg·L~(-1)和4.57 mg·L~(-1),平均去除率分别为93.68%、47.86%、95.00%和12.32%。优化回流比至200%、DO浓度为2.00 mg·L~(-1)、好氧池HRT为4 h时,TN平均去除率显著提高,最佳可达69.39%,出水平均浓度为12.52 mg·L~(-1),且此时出水稳定、能耗低;粉煤灰多孔填料在水力负荷0.33 m~3·m~(-3)·d~(-1)条件下,对TP去除率可达90.90%,出水平均浓度为0.42 mg·L~(-1),满足一级A标准。使用1000 mg·L~(-1)的次氯酸钠水溶液,以每片膜500mL·30 min~(-1)速度对膜进行在线清洗时,跨膜压差恢复速率最快,膜污染去除效果恢复最佳。优化回流比、DO、好氧池HRT能有效强化C-MBR脱氮效果,填料吸附磷能有效强化除磷效果。本研究为农村生活污水就地处理、提高C-MBR脱氮除磷效果提供了有益参考。
The traditional Membrane Bio-reactor(MBR)is one of the most important treatment methods for rural sewage, but its nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency is rather low. Ceramic Membrane Bio-reactor(C-MBR)combines aerobic biological reaction with inorganic flat ceramic membrane filtration, and it requires less maintenance and has less sludge discharge. In this study, the ceramic membrane was used instead of traditional organic membrane. A series of experiments were conducted to study the enhancement of nitrogen removal in C-MBR by optimizing the reflux ratio,dissolved oxygen(DO), hydraulic retention time(HRT), porous filler adsorption was also used to enhance phosphorus removal in C-MBR. When operated under certain condition, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand(COD), total nitrogen(TN), ammonium nitrogen(NH_3-N)and total phosphorus(TP)of inflow were 360.00～661.00, 33.90～57.60, 16.80～32.30 and 4.78～5.77 mg·L~(-1), respectively; the corresponding average concentrations of outflow were 34.90, 22.59, 1.13 and 4.57 mg·L~(-1), respectively,and the average removal rates were 93.68%, 47.86%, 95.0% and 12.32%, respectively. When the reflux ratio was optimized to 200%, the DO was 2.00 mg·L~(-1) and the HRT in the aerobic tank was 4 h, the nitrogen removal of C-MBR was strengthened, and the best TN average removal rate could reach 69.39%, and the corresponding average concentration of outflow was 12.52 mg·L~(-1). The packing absorption coulds trengthen phosphorus removal. When operated under optimal hydraulic load in packing absorption tank, which was 0.33 m~3·m~(-3)·d~(-1), the removal rate of TP could reach 90.90%, and the average TP concentration in outflow was 0.42 mg·L~(-1). In addition, 1000 mg·L~(-1) sodium hypochlorite solution had the best cleansing effect when the film was cleaned online at a speed of 500 m·30 min~(-1) each film, since the membrane had the quickest recovery from pollution under this condition. Our results provide reference for rural domestic sewage treatment as well as MBR nitrogen and phosphorus removal enhancement.
The traditional Membrane Bio-reactor(MBR)is one of the most important treatment methods for rural sewage, but its nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency is rather low. Ceramic Membrane Bio-reactor(C-MBR)combines aerobic biological reaction with inorganic flat ceramic membrane filtration, and it requires less maintenance and has less sludge discharge. In this study, the ceramic membrane was used instead of traditional organic membrane. A series of experiments were conducted to study the enhancement of nitrogen removal in C-MBR by optimizing the reflux ratio,dissolved oxygen(DO), hydraulic retention time(HRT), porous filler adsorption was also used to enhance phosphorus removal in C-MBR. When operated under certain condition, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand(COD), total nitrogen(TN), ammonium nitrogen(NH_3-N)and total phosphorus(TP)of inflow were 360.00～661.00, 33.90～57.60, 16.80～32.30 and 4.78～5.77 mg·L~(-1), respectively; the corresponding average concentrations of outflow were 34.90, 22.59, 1.13 and 4.57 mg·L~(-1), respectively,and the average removal rates were 93.68%, 47.86%, 95.0% and 12.32%, respectively. When the reflux ratio was optimized to 200%, the DO was 2.00 mg·L~(-1) and the HRT in the aerobic tank was 4 h, the nitrogen removal of C-MBR was strengthened, and the best TN average removal rate could reach 69.39%, and the corresponding average concentration of outflow was 12.52 mg·L~(-1). The packing absorption coulds trengthen phosphorus removal. When operated under optimal hydraulic load in packing absorption tank, which was 0.33 m~3·m~(-3)·d~(-1), the removal rate of TP could reach 90.90%, and the average TP concentration in outflow was 0.42 mg·L~(-1). In addition, 1000 mg·L~(-1) sodium hypochlorite solution had the best cleansing effect when the film was cleaned online at a speed of 500 m·30 min~(-1) each film, since the membrane had the quickest recovery from pollution under this condition. Our results provide reference for rural domestic sewage treatment as well as MBR nitrogen and phosphorus removal enhancement.
引文
[1]李云.农村生活污水处理技术分析[J].资源信息与工程,2017,32(1):175-176.LI Yun.Analysis of rural sewage treatment technology[J].Resource Information and Engineering,2017,32(1):175-176.
[2]中国环境保护部.《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB 18918-2002[S].北京:中国环境保护部,2002.Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC.Standards for pollutant discharge in urban sewage treatment plants GB18918-2002[S].Beijing:Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC,2002.
[3]曾勇.MBR工艺的特点及应用[J].工程技术,2014,14:180-181.ZENG Yong.Characteristics and applications of MBR technology[J].Engineering Technology,2014,14:180-181.
[4]Shariati F P,Mehrnia M R,Sarrafzadeh M H,et al.Fouling in anovel airlift oxidation ditch membrane bioreactor(AOXMBR)at different high organic loading rate[J].Separation Purification Technology,2013,105:69-78.
[5]Rahman M M,Al-Malack M H.Biochemical kinetics of cross flow membrane bioreactor processes in the treatment of refinery wastewater385[J].International Journal of Environmental Research,2012,6(1):285-296.
[6]冯超群,魏强,王锋.MBR工艺在含油废水处理中的应用[J].中外能源,2011,16(5):115-118.FENG Chao-qun,WEI Qiang,WANG Feng.Application of MBR process in the treatment of oily wastewater[J].China and Foreign Energy,2011,16(5):115-118.
[7]孙武,王泉,王能才,等.国产PVDF中空纤维膜在炼油废水深度处理回用中的应用[J].石油炼制与化工,2013,44(3):79-82.SUN Wu,WANG Quan,WANG Neng-cai,et al.Application of domestic PVDF hollow fiber membrane in advanced treatment and reuse of refinery wastewater[J].Petroleum Refining and Chemical Industry,2013,44(3):79-82.
[8]谭学军,张惠锋,张辰.农村生活污水收集与处理技术现状及进展[J].净水技术,2011,30(2):5-9,13.TAN Xue-jun,ZHANG Hui-feng,ZHANG Chen.Status and progress of rural domestic sewage collection and treatment technology[J].Water Purification Technology,2011,30(2):5-9,13.
[9]张小赛,倪卫红.陶瓷膜发展现状及应用研究[J].环境工程,2013,31(6):108-111.ZHANG Xiao-sai,NI Wei-hong.Development and application of ceramic membrane[J].Environmental Engineering,2013,31(6):108-111.
[10]华文强,车津程,李亮,等.C-MBR处理高浓度气田废水中试试验[J].工业水处理,2014,34(3):18-21.HUA Wen-qiang,CHE Jin-cheng,LI Liang,et al.Pilot test of C-MBR for treating high concentration gas field wastewater[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2014,34(3):18-21.
[11]华文强,农秋悦,车津程,等.C-MBR工艺对校园污水再生回用处理中的试验研究[J].水处理技术,2014(2):88-91.HUA Wen-qiang,NONG Qiu-yue,CHE Jin-cheng,et al.Experimental study on the treatment of campus sewage by C-MBR process[J].Water Treatment Technology,2014(2):88-91.
[12]常红晨,操家顺,周彬宇.陶瓷膜生物反应器在传染病医院污水处理中的应用[J].净水技术,2016,35(5):100-103.CHANG Hong-chen,CAO Jia-shun,ZHOU Bin-yu.Application of ceramic membrane bioreactor in sewage treatment of infectious diseases hospital[J].Water Purification Technology,2016,35(5):100-103.
[13]高冰,刘宏菊,郭勰,等.新型陶瓷平板膜MBR工艺在炼油废水处理中的应用[J].环境工程,2016(9):29-32.GAO Bing,LIU Hong-ju,GUO Xie,et al.Application of ceramic flat membrane MBR process in refinery wastewater treatment[J].Environmental Engineering,2016(9):29-32.
[14]Drews A.Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors-characterization,contradictions,cause and cures[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2010,363(1/2):1-28.
[15]郝晓地,李天宇,吴远远,等.A2/O工艺用于污水处理厂升级改造的适宜性探讨[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(21):18-24.HAO Xiao-di,LI Tian-yu,WU Yuan-yuan,et al.Suitability of A2/Oprocess for upgrading of sewage treatment plants[J].China Water Supply and Drainage,2017,33(21):18-24.20195-
[16]王磊,黄勇,郭召海.钾明矾缓释除磷剂处理分散式农村生活污水[J].环境工程学报,2017(12):6290-6294.WANG Lei,HUANG Yong,GUO Zhao-hai.Potassium alum slow-release phosphorus removal agent for dispersed rural domestic sewage treatment[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017(12):6290-6294.
[17]蒋岚岚,张万里,胡邦,等.城镇污水处理工程MBR工艺膜系统设计关键技术[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(20):55-60.JIANG Lan-lan,ZHANG Wan-li,HU Bang,et al.Key technology of MBR process membrane system design for urban sewage treatment project[J].China Water Supply and Drainage,2011,27(20):55-60.
[18]Baeza J A,Gabriel D,Lafuente J.Effect of internal recycle on the nitrogen removal efficiency of an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A2/O)wastewater treatment plant[J].Process Biochem,2004,39(1):1615-1624.
[19]Wang Z H,Liang H,Ou F S,et al.Start up of a gravity flow CANON-like MBR treating surface water under low temperature[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,217(1):466-474.
[20]王佳伟,周军,甘一萍,等.溶解氧对A2/O工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响以及解决方法[J].给水排水,2009(1):35-37.WANG Jia-wei,ZHOU Jun,GAN Yi-ping,et al.Effect of dissolved oxygen on nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of A2/O process and its solution[J].Water Supply and Drainage,2009(1):35-37.
[21]王德美,王晓昌,唐嘉陵,等.不同回流比和SRT对A/P-MBR脱氮除磷的影响[J].工业水处理,2016(1):55-58.WANG De-mei,WANG Xiao-chang,TANG Jia-ling,et al.Effects of different reflux ratios and SRT on nitrogen and phosphorus removal by A/P-MBR[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2016(1):55-58.
[22]常江,杨岸明,甘一萍,等.城市污水处理厂能耗分析及节能途径[J].中国给水排水,2011(4):33-36.CHANG Jiang,YANG An-ming,GAN Yi-ping,et al.Energy consumption analysis and energy saving approaches of municipal sewage treatment plants[J].China Water Supply and Drainage,2011(4):33-36.
[23]Oh J.Oxygen effects on activated sludge denitrification in sequencing batch reactors[D].United States:University of Colorado,2001.
[24]Takabatake H,Satoh H,Mino T,et al.PHA(polyhydroxyalkanoate)production potential of activated sludge treating waste water[J].Wat Sci Tech,2002,45(12):119-126.
[25]Guadie A,Xia S Q,Zhang Z Q,et al.Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from sewage using a novel combo system of fluidized bed reactor-membrane bioreactor(FBR-MBR)[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,149(12):276-285.
[26]Mohan T V K,Renu K,Nancharaiah Y V,at al.Effect of C/N ratio on denitrification of high-strength nitrate wastewater in anoxic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,91(6):441-4481129
[2]中国环境保护部.《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB 18918-2002[S].北京:中国环境保护部,2002.Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC.Standards for pollutant discharge in urban sewage treatment plants GB18918-2002[S].Beijing:Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC,2002.
[3]曾勇.MBR工艺的特点及应用[J].工程技术,2014,14:180-181.ZENG Yong.Characteristics and applications of MBR technology[J].Engineering Technology,2014,14:180-181.
[4]Shariati F P,Mehrnia M R,Sarrafzadeh M H,et al.Fouling in anovel airlift oxidation ditch membrane bioreactor(AOXMBR)at different high organic loading rate[J].Separation Purification Technology,2013,105:69-78.
[5]Rahman M M,Al-Malack M H.Biochemical kinetics of cross flow membrane bioreactor processes in the treatment of refinery wastewater385[J].International Journal of Environmental Research,2012,6(1):285-296.
[6]冯超群,魏强,王锋.MBR工艺在含油废水处理中的应用[J].中外能源,2011,16(5):115-118.FENG Chao-qun,WEI Qiang,WANG Feng.Application of MBR process in the treatment of oily wastewater[J].China and Foreign Energy,2011,16(5):115-118.
[7]孙武,王泉,王能才,等.国产PVDF中空纤维膜在炼油废水深度处理回用中的应用[J].石油炼制与化工,2013,44(3):79-82.SUN Wu,WANG Quan,WANG Neng-cai,et al.Application of domestic PVDF hollow fiber membrane in advanced treatment and reuse of refinery wastewater[J].Petroleum Refining and Chemical Industry,2013,44(3):79-82.
[8]谭学军,张惠锋,张辰.农村生活污水收集与处理技术现状及进展[J].净水技术,2011,30(2):5-9,13.TAN Xue-jun,ZHANG Hui-feng,ZHANG Chen.Status and progress of rural domestic sewage collection and treatment technology[J].Water Purification Technology,2011,30(2):5-9,13.
[9]张小赛,倪卫红.陶瓷膜发展现状及应用研究[J].环境工程,2013,31(6):108-111.ZHANG Xiao-sai,NI Wei-hong.Development and application of ceramic membrane[J].Environmental Engineering,2013,31(6):108-111.
[10]华文强,车津程,李亮,等.C-MBR处理高浓度气田废水中试试验[J].工业水处理,2014,34(3):18-21.HUA Wen-qiang,CHE Jin-cheng,LI Liang,et al.Pilot test of C-MBR for treating high concentration gas field wastewater[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2014,34(3):18-21.
[11]华文强,农秋悦,车津程,等.C-MBR工艺对校园污水再生回用处理中的试验研究[J].水处理技术,2014(2):88-91.HUA Wen-qiang,NONG Qiu-yue,CHE Jin-cheng,et al.Experimental study on the treatment of campus sewage by C-MBR process[J].Water Treatment Technology,2014(2):88-91.
[12]常红晨,操家顺,周彬宇.陶瓷膜生物反应器在传染病医院污水处理中的应用[J].净水技术,2016,35(5):100-103.CHANG Hong-chen,CAO Jia-shun,ZHOU Bin-yu.Application of ceramic membrane bioreactor in sewage treatment of infectious diseases hospital[J].Water Purification Technology,2016,35(5):100-103.
[13]高冰,刘宏菊,郭勰,等.新型陶瓷平板膜MBR工艺在炼油废水处理中的应用[J].环境工程,2016(9):29-32.GAO Bing,LIU Hong-ju,GUO Xie,et al.Application of ceramic flat membrane MBR process in refinery wastewater treatment[J].Environmental Engineering,2016(9):29-32.
[14]Drews A.Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors-characterization,contradictions,cause and cures[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2010,363(1/2):1-28.
[15]郝晓地,李天宇,吴远远,等.A2/O工艺用于污水处理厂升级改造的适宜性探讨[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(21):18-24.HAO Xiao-di,LI Tian-yu,WU Yuan-yuan,et al.Suitability of A2/Oprocess for upgrading of sewage treatment plants[J].China Water Supply and Drainage,2017,33(21):18-24.20195-
[16]王磊,黄勇,郭召海.钾明矾缓释除磷剂处理分散式农村生活污水[J].环境工程学报,2017(12):6290-6294.WANG Lei,HUANG Yong,GUO Zhao-hai.Potassium alum slow-release phosphorus removal agent for dispersed rural domestic sewage treatment[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017(12):6290-6294.
[17]蒋岚岚,张万里,胡邦,等.城镇污水处理工程MBR工艺膜系统设计关键技术[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(20):55-60.JIANG Lan-lan,ZHANG Wan-li,HU Bang,et al.Key technology of MBR process membrane system design for urban sewage treatment project[J].China Water Supply and Drainage,2011,27(20):55-60.
[18]Baeza J A,Gabriel D,Lafuente J.Effect of internal recycle on the nitrogen removal efficiency of an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A2/O)wastewater treatment plant[J].Process Biochem,2004,39(1):1615-1624.
[19]Wang Z H,Liang H,Ou F S,et al.Start up of a gravity flow CANON-like MBR treating surface water under low temperature[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,217(1):466-474.
[20]王佳伟,周军,甘一萍,等.溶解氧对A2/O工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响以及解决方法[J].给水排水,2009(1):35-37.WANG Jia-wei,ZHOU Jun,GAN Yi-ping,et al.Effect of dissolved oxygen on nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of A2/O process and its solution[J].Water Supply and Drainage,2009(1):35-37.
[21]王德美,王晓昌,唐嘉陵,等.不同回流比和SRT对A/P-MBR脱氮除磷的影响[J].工业水处理,2016(1):55-58.WANG De-mei,WANG Xiao-chang,TANG Jia-ling,et al.Effects of different reflux ratios and SRT on nitrogen and phosphorus removal by A/P-MBR[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2016(1):55-58.
[22]常江,杨岸明,甘一萍,等.城市污水处理厂能耗分析及节能途径[J].中国给水排水,2011(4):33-36.CHANG Jiang,YANG An-ming,GAN Yi-ping,et al.Energy consumption analysis and energy saving approaches of municipal sewage treatment plants[J].China Water Supply and Drainage,2011(4):33-36.
[23]Oh J.Oxygen effects on activated sludge denitrification in sequencing batch reactors[D].United States:University of Colorado,2001.
[24]Takabatake H,Satoh H,Mino T,et al.PHA(polyhydroxyalkanoate)production potential of activated sludge treating waste water[J].Wat Sci Tech,2002,45(12):119-126.
[25]Guadie A,Xia S Q,Zhang Z Q,et al.Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from sewage using a novel combo system of fluidized bed reactor-membrane bioreactor(FBR-MBR)[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,149(12):276-285.
[26]Mohan T V K,Renu K,Nancharaiah Y V,at al.Effect of C/N ratio on denitrification of high-strength nitrate wastewater in anoxic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,91(6):441-4481129
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