南山湖沉积物磷形态时空分布特征
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摘要
选取了扎龙湿地南山湖沉积物为研究对象,通过对15个表层沉积样品和1个沉积岩芯柱状样品中磷形态含量的测定,结合沉积物沉积岩芯的年代数据,研究了沉积物中磷的赋存形态、时空分布特征。结果表明:南山湖表层沉积物TP含量平均值为543. 13 mg/kg,OP和Ca-P是TP的主要赋存形态,分别占TP含量的34. 31%、31. 66%;表层沉积物中TP及各形态磷含量均存在明显的空间差异性,整体变化趋势为西北向东南递减,西部明显高于东部,北部高于南部,西部采样点A7区域为磷含量高值区;沉积岩芯磷含量自下而上垂直分布曲线揭示了人类活动对沉积物中磷含量的影响由弱到强的演变过程,TP及潜在可移动磷形态(NH_4Cl-P、Al-P、Fe-P和OP)含量整体呈增加趋势,尤其在L3阶段(2008—2016年)蓄积最明显,而稳定磷形态(Ca-P和Res-P)在L3阶段呈下降趋势,其中Ca-P含量下降明显,表层可释放内源磷含量增加,富营养化生态风险增大,值得当地相关部门重视。
By measuring the content of phosphorous fractions in 15 surface sediment samples and 1 columnar sediment core from Nanshan Lake,the Zhalong Wetland,this paper analyzed phosphorous occurrence fractions and their temporal-spatial distribution characteristics in sediments. The results were as follows: the average content of total phosphorous( TP) in surface sediments was 543. 13 mg/kg; organic phosphorous( OP) and calcium-bound phosphorus( Ca-P) were the two main occurrence fractions of TP,respectively accounting for 34. 31% and 31. 66% of TP content; the contents of TP in surface sediments and all phosphorus fractions had a distinct difference in spatial distribution,and the whole trend was diminishing from northwest to southeast; the content of phosphorus in the west was significantly higher than that in the east,and its content in the north was higher than that in the south; the sampling area A7 in the west was the area with the highest phosphorus content. The bottom-up vertical distribution curve of phosphorus content in the sediment core revealed the evolution process in which human activities' impact on the content of phosphorus in sediments got stronger gradually. The content of TP and potentially mobile phosphorus fractions( NH4 Cl-P,Al-P,Fe-P and OP) turned to increase as a whole,especially in period L3( 2008—2016) when their accumulation was the most obvious. On the other hand,the content of stable phosphorus( Ca-P and Res-P) was in decline in period L3. The content of Ca-P thereof deceased significantly and the content of releasable endogenous phosphorus on the surface increased,which indicated the ecological risk of eutrophication increased,so it should be thus concerned by local relevant authorities.
By measuring the content of phosphorous fractions in 15 surface sediment samples and 1 columnar sediment core from Nanshan Lake,the Zhalong Wetland,this paper analyzed phosphorous occurrence fractions and their temporal-spatial distribution characteristics in sediments. The results were as follows: the average content of total phosphorous( TP) in surface sediments was 543. 13 mg/kg; organic phosphorous( OP) and calcium-bound phosphorus( Ca-P) were the two main occurrence fractions of TP,respectively accounting for 34. 31% and 31. 66% of TP content; the contents of TP in surface sediments and all phosphorus fractions had a distinct difference in spatial distribution,and the whole trend was diminishing from northwest to southeast; the content of phosphorus in the west was significantly higher than that in the east,and its content in the north was higher than that in the south; the sampling area A7 in the west was the area with the highest phosphorus content. The bottom-up vertical distribution curve of phosphorus content in the sediment core revealed the evolution process in which human activities' impact on the content of phosphorus in sediments got stronger gradually. The content of TP and potentially mobile phosphorus fractions( NH4 Cl-P,Al-P,Fe-P and OP) turned to increase as a whole,especially in period L3( 2008—2016) when their accumulation was the most obvious. On the other hand,the content of stable phosphorus( Ca-P and Res-P) was in decline in period L3. The content of Ca-P thereof deceased significantly and the content of releasable endogenous phosphorus on the surface increased,which indicated the ecological risk of eutrophication increased,so it should be thus concerned by local relevant authorities.
引文
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[19]冀峰,王国祥,韩睿明,等.太湖流域农村黑臭河流沉积物中磷形态的垂向分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):55-63.
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[23]臧常娟,黄岁樑,吴敏,等.环境因子对鱼饵中磷释放影响的实验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(2):10-14.
[2]鲍林林,李叙勇,苏静君.筑坝河流磷素的迁移转化及其富营养化特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4663-4670.
[3] Liu W,Qiu R L.Water eutrophication in China and the combating strategies[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2007,82(9):781-786.
[4] Yuan C, Rong X, Ying X, et al. Phosphorus fraction and phosphate sorption-release characteristics of the wetland sediments in the Yellow River Delta[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2018,103:19-27.
[5]史静,俎晓静,张乃明,等.滇池草海沉积物磷形态、空间分布特征及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(10):1808-1813.
[6] Liu W B, Wang S R, Zhang L, et al. Phosphorus release characteristics of sediments in Erhai Lake and their impact on water quality[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(5):3753-3766.
[7]段木春,肖海丰,臧淑英.西大海湖沉积物营养盐垂直分布特征变化分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2472-2479.
[8]李乐,王圣瑞,焦立新,等.滇池柱状沉积物磷形态垂向变化及对释放的贡献[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3384-3393.
[9] Zhang Y,He F,Liu Z S,et al. Release characteristics of sediment phosphorus in all fractions of West Lake,Hang Zhou,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,95:645-651.
[10] Psenner R, Bostrom B, Dinka M, et al. Fractionation of phosphorus in suspended matter and sediment[J]. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Beihefte,1988,30:83-112.
[11]何佳,陈春瑜,邓伟明,等.滇池水-沉积物界面磷形态分布及潜在释放特征[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):799-810.
[12]杨文澜,蒋功成,王兆群,等.洪泽湖不同湖区表层沉积物中磷的形态和分布特[J].地球与环境,2013,41(1):43-49.
[13]杨洋,刘其根,胡忠军,等.太湖流域沉积物碳氮磷分布与污染评价[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(12):3057-3064.
[14]苗慧,沈峥,蒋豫,等.巢湖表层沉积物氮、磷、有机质的分布及污染评价[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(12):2120-2125.
[15]王圣瑞,倪栋,焦立新,等.鄱阳湖表层沉积物有机质和营养盐分布特征[J].环境工程技术学报,2012,2(1):24-28.
[16]张志斌,张学杨,张波,等.南四湖微山湖区沉积物磷形态分布特征[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1345-1350.
[17] Bastami K D,Neyestani M R,Raeisi H,et al. Bioavailability and geochemical speciation of phosphorus in surface sediments of the Southern Caspian Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,126:51-58.
[18]王雨春,马梅,万国江,等.贵州红枫湖沉积物磷赋存形态及沉积历史[J].湖泊科学,2004,16(1):21-27.
[19]冀峰,王国祥,韩睿明,等.太湖流域农村黑臭河流沉积物中磷形态的垂向分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):55-63.
[20]齐齐哈尔市统计局.齐齐哈尔经济统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2000:305.
[21]齐齐哈尔市统计局.齐齐哈尔经济统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2001:307.
[22]齐齐哈尔市统计局.齐齐哈尔经济统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2002:272-273.
[23]臧常娟,黄岁樑,吴敏,等.环境因子对鱼饵中磷释放影响的实验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(2):10-14.
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